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msgstr ""

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#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:5

msgid "An Informal Introduction to Python"

msgstr "Python 速览"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:7

msgid ""

"In the following examples, input and output are distinguished by the "

"presence or absence of prompts (:term:`>>>` and :term:`...`): to repeat the "

"example, you must type everything after the prompt, when the prompt appears;"

" lines that do not begin with a prompt are output from the interpreter. Note"

" that a secondary prompt on a line by itself in an example means you must "

"type a blank line; this is used to end a multi-line command."

msgstr ""

"下面的例子以是否显示提示符（:term:`>>>` 与 "

":term:`...`）区分输入与输出：输入例子中的代码时，要键入以提示符开头的行中提示符后的所有内容；未以提示符开头的行是解释器的输出。注意，例子中的某行出现的第二个提示符是用来结束多行命令的，此时，要键入一个空白行。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:16

msgid ""

"You can toggle the display of prompts and output by clicking on ``>>>`` in "

"the upper-right corner of an example box. If you hide the prompts and "

"output for an example, then you can easily copy and paste the input lines "

"into your interpreter."

msgstr ""

"你可以通过在示例方块右上角的 ``>>>`` 上点击来切换显示提示符和输出。 "

"如果你隐藏了一个示例的提示符和输出，那么你可以方便地将输入行复制并粘贴到你的解释器中。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:23

msgid ""

"Many of the examples in this manual, even those entered at the interactive "

"prompt, include comments. Comments in Python start with the hash character,"

" ``#``, and extend to the end of the physical line. A comment may appear at"

" the start of a line or following whitespace or code, but not within a "

"string literal. A hash character within a string literal is just a hash "

"character. Since comments are to clarify code and are not interpreted by "

"Python, they may be omitted when typing in examples."

msgstr ""

"本手册中的许多例子，甚至交互式命令都包含注释。Python 注释以 ``#`` "

"开头，直到该物理行结束。注释可以在行开头，或空白符与代码之后，但不能在字符串里面。字符串中的 # 号就是 # 号。注释用于阐明代码，Python "

"不解释注释，键入例子时，可以不输入注释。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:31

msgid "Some examples::"

msgstr "示例如下："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:42

msgid "Using Python as a Calculator"

msgstr "Python 用作计算器"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:44

msgid ""

"Let's try some simple Python commands. Start the interpreter and wait for "

"the primary prompt, ``>>>``. (It shouldn't take long.)"

msgstr "现在，尝试一些简单的 Python 命令。启动解释器，等待主提示符（``>>>`` ）出现。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:51

msgid "Numbers"

msgstr "数字"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:53

msgid ""

"The interpreter acts as a simple calculator: you can type an expression at "

"it and it will write the value. Expression syntax is straightforward: the "

"operators ``+``, ``-``, ``*`` and ``/`` work just like in most other "

"languages (for example, Pascal or C); parentheses (``()``) can be used for "

"grouping. For example::"

msgstr ""

"解释器像一个简单的计算器：输入表达式，就会给出答案。表达式的语法很直接：运算符 ``+``、``-``、``*``、``/`` "

"的用法和其他大部分语言一样（比如，Pascal 或 C）；括号 (``()``) 用来分组。例如："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:68

msgid ""

"The integer numbers (e.g. ``2``, ``4``, ``20``) have type :class:`int`, the "

"ones with a fractional part (e.g. ``5.0``, ``1.6``) have type "

":class:`float`. We will see more about numeric types later in the tutorial."

msgstr ""

"整数（如，``2``、``4``、``20`` ）的类型是 :class:`int`，带小数（如，``5.0``、``1.6`` ）的类型是 "

":class:`float`。本教程后半部分将介绍更多数字类型。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:72

msgid ""

"Division (``/``) always returns a float. To do :term:`floor division` and "

"get an integer result (discarding any fractional result) you can use the "

"``//`` operator; to calculate the remainder you can use ``%``::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:86

msgid ""

"With Python, it is possible to use the ``**`` operator to calculate powers "

"[#]_::"

msgstr "Python 用 ``**`` 运算符计算乘方 [#]_："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:93

msgid ""

"The equal sign (``=``) is used to assign a value to a variable. Afterwards, "

"no result is displayed before the next interactive prompt::"

msgstr "等号（``=``）用于给变量赋值。赋值后，下一个交互提示符的位置不显示任何结果："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:101

msgid ""

"If a variable is not \"defined\" (assigned a value), trying to use it will "

"give you an error::"

msgstr "如果变量未定义（即，未赋值），使用该变量会提示错误："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:109

msgid ""

"There is full support for floating point; operators with mixed type operands"

" convert the integer operand to floating point::"

msgstr "Python 全面支持浮点数；混合类型运算数的运算会把整数转换为浮点数："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:115

msgid ""

"In interactive mode, the last printed expression is assigned to the variable"

" ``_``. This means that when you are using Python as a desk calculator, it "

"is somewhat easier to continue calculations, for example::"

msgstr "交互模式下，上次输出的表达式会赋给变量 ``_``。把 Python 当作计算器时，用该变量实现下一步计算更简单，例如："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:128

msgid ""

"This variable should be treated as read-only by the user. Don't explicitly "

"assign a value to it --- you would create an independent local variable with"

" the same name masking the built-in variable with its magic behavior."

msgstr "最好把该变量当作只读类型。不要为它显式赋值，否则会创建一个同名独立局部变量，该变量会用它的魔法行为屏蔽内置变量。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:132

msgid ""

"In addition to :class:`int` and :class:`float`, Python supports other types "

"of numbers, such as :class:`~decimal.Decimal` and "

":class:`~fractions.Fraction`. Python also has built-in support for "

":ref:`complex numbers <typesnumeric>`, and uses the ``j`` or ``J`` suffix to"

" indicate the imaginary part (e.g. ``3+5j``)."

msgstr ""

"除了 :class:`int` 和 :class:`float`，Python 还支持其他数字类型，例如 "

":class:`~decimal.Decimal` 或 :class:`~fractions.Fraction`。Python 还内置支持 "

":ref:`复数 <typesnumeric>`，后缀 ``j`` 或 ``J`` 用于表示虚数（例如 ``3+5j`` ）。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:142

msgid "Strings"

msgstr "字符串"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:144

msgid ""

"Besides numbers, Python can also manipulate strings, which can be expressed "

"in several ways. They can be enclosed in single quotes (``'...'``) or "

"double quotes (``\"...\"``) with the same result [#]_. ``\\`` can be used "

"to escape quotes::"

msgstr ""

"除了数字，Python 还可以操作字符串。字符串有多种表现形式，用单引号（``'……'``）或双引号（``\"……\"``）标注的结果相同 "

"[#]_。反斜杠 ``\\`` 用于转义："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:162

msgid ""

"In the interactive interpreter, the output string is enclosed in quotes and "

"special characters are escaped with backslashes. While this might sometimes"

" look different from the input (the enclosing quotes could change), the two "

"strings are equivalent. The string is enclosed in double quotes if the "

"string contains a single quote and no double quotes, otherwise it is "

"enclosed in single quotes. The :func:`print` function produces a more "

"readable output, by omitting the enclosing quotes and by printing escaped "

"and special characters::"

msgstr ""

"交互式解释器会为输出的字符串加注引号，特殊字符使用反斜杠转义。虽然，有时输出的字符串看起来与输入的字符串不一样（外加的引号可能会改变），但两个字符串是相同的。如果字符串中有单引号而没有双引号，该字符串外将加注双引号，反之，则加注单引号。:func:`print`"

" 函数输出的内容更简洁易读，它会省略两边的引号，并输出转义后的特殊字符："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:182

msgid ""

"If you don't want characters prefaced by ``\\`` to be interpreted as special"

" characters, you can use *raw strings* by adding an ``r`` before the first "

"quote::"

msgstr "如果不希望前置 ``\\`` 的字符转义成特殊字符，可以使用 *原始字符串*，在引号前添加 ``r`` 即可："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:192

msgid ""

"String literals can span multiple lines. One way is using triple-quotes: "

"``\"\"\"...\"\"\"`` or ``'''...'''``. End of lines are automatically "

"included in the string, but it's possible to prevent this by adding a ``\\``"

" at the end of the line. The following example::"

msgstr ""

"字符串字面值可以包含多行。 一种实现方式是使用三重引号：``\"\"\"...\"\"\"`` 或 ``'''...'''``。 "

"字符串中将自动包括行结束符，但也可以在换行的地方添加一个 ``\\`` 来避免此情况。 参见以下示例："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:203

msgid ""

"produces the following output (note that the initial newline is not "

"included):"

msgstr "输出如下（请注意开始的换行符没有被包括在内）："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:211

msgid ""

"Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the ``+`` operator, and "

"repeated with ``*``::"

msgstr "字符串可以用 ``+`` 合并（粘到一起），也可以用 ``*`` 重复："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:218

msgid ""

"Two or more *string literals* (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next "

"to each other are automatically concatenated. ::"

msgstr "相邻的两个或多个 *字符串字面值* （引号标注的字符）会自动合并："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:224

msgid ""

"This feature is particularly useful when you want to break long strings::"

msgstr "拼接分隔开的长字符串时，这个功能特别实用："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:231

msgid ""

"This only works with two literals though, not with variables or "

"expressions::"

msgstr "这项功能只能用于两个字面值，不能用于变量或表达式："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:245

msgid ""

"If you want to concatenate variables or a variable and a literal, use "

"``+``::"

msgstr "合并多个变量，或合并变量与字面值，要用 ``+``："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:250

msgid ""

"Strings can be *indexed* (subscripted), with the first character having "

"index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string"

" of size one::"

msgstr "字符串支持 *索引* （下标访问），第一个字符的索引是 0。单字符没有专用的类型，就是长度为一的字符串："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:260

msgid ""

"Indices may also be negative numbers, to start counting from the right::"

msgstr "索引还支持负数，用负数索引时，从右边开始计数："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:269

msgid "Note that since -0 is the same as 0, negative indices start from -1."

msgstr "注意，-0 和 0 一样，因此，负数索引从 -1 开始。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:271

msgid ""

"In addition to indexing, *slicing* is also supported. While indexing is "

"used to obtain individual characters, *slicing* allows you to obtain "

"substring::"

msgstr "除了索引，字符串还支持 *切片*。索引可以提取单个字符，*切片* 则提取子字符串："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:279

msgid ""

"Slice indices have useful defaults; an omitted first index defaults to zero,"

" an omitted second index defaults to the size of the string being sliced. ::"

msgstr "切片索引的默认值很有用；省略开始索引时，默认值为 0，省略结束索引时，默认为到字符串的结尾："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:289

msgid ""

"Note how the start is always included, and the end always excluded. This "

"makes sure that ``s[:i] + s[i:]`` is always equal to ``s``::"

msgstr "注意，输出结果包含切片开始，但不包含切片结束。因此，``s[:i] + s[i:]`` 总是等于 ``s``："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:297

msgid ""

"One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing "

"*between* characters, with the left edge of the first character numbered 0. "

"Then the right edge of the last character of a string of *n* characters has "

"index *n*, for example::"

msgstr "还可以这样理解切片，索引指向的是字符 *之间* ，第一个字符的左侧标为 0，最后一个字符的右侧标为 *n* ，*n* 是字符串长度。例如："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:308

msgid ""

"The first row of numbers gives the position of the indices 0...6 in the "

"string; the second row gives the corresponding negative indices. The slice "

"from *i* to *j* consists of all characters between the edges labeled *i* and"

" *j*, respectively."

msgstr ""

"第一行数字是字符串中索引 0...6 的位置，第二行数字是对应的负数索引位置。*i* 到 *j* 的切片由 *i* 和 *j* 之间所有对应的字符组成。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:313

msgid ""

"For non-negative indices, the length of a slice is the difference of the "

"indices, if both are within bounds. For example, the length of "

"``word[1:3]`` is 2."

msgstr "对于使用非负索引的切片，如果两个索引都不越界，切片长度就是起止索引之差。例如， ``word[1:3]`` 的长度是 2。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:317

msgid "Attempting to use an index that is too large will result in an error::"

msgstr "索引越界会报错："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:324

msgid ""

"However, out of range slice indexes are handled gracefully when used for "

"slicing::"

msgstr "但是，切片会自动处理越界索引："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:332

msgid ""

"Python strings cannot be changed --- they are :term:`immutable`. Therefore, "

"assigning to an indexed position in the string results in an error::"

msgstr "Python 字符串不能修改，是 :term:`immutable` 的。因此，为字符串中某个索引位置赋值会报错："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:344

msgid "If you need a different string, you should create a new one::"

msgstr "要生成不同的字符串，应新建一个字符串："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:351

msgid "The built-in function :func:`len` returns the length of a string::"

msgstr "内置函数 :func:`len` 返回字符串的长度："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:362

msgid ":ref:`textseq`"

msgstr ":ref:`textseq`"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:361

msgid ""

"Strings are examples of *sequence types*, and support the common operations "

"supported by such types."

msgstr "字符串是 *序列类型* ，支持序列类型的各种操作。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:366

msgid ":ref:`string-methods`"

msgstr ":ref:`string-methods`"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:365

msgid ""

"Strings support a large number of methods for basic transformations and "

"searching."

msgstr "字符串支持很多变形与查找方法。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:369

msgid ":ref:`f-strings`"

msgstr ":ref:`f-strings`"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:369

msgid "String literals that have embedded expressions."

msgstr "内嵌表达式的字符串字面值。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:372

msgid ":ref:`formatstrings`"

msgstr ":ref:`formatstrings`"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:372

msgid "Information about string formatting with :meth:`str.format`."

msgstr "使用 :meth:`str.format` 格式化字符串。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:375

msgid ":ref:`old-string-formatting`"

msgstr ":ref:`old-string-formatting`"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:375

msgid ""

"The old formatting operations invoked when strings are the left operand of "

"the ``%`` operator are described in more detail here."

msgstr "这里详述了用 ``%`` 运算符格式化字符串的操作。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:382

msgid "Lists"

msgstr "列表"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:384

msgid ""

"Python knows a number of *compound* data types, used to group together other"

" values. The most versatile is the *list*, which can be written as a list "

"of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Lists might "

"contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same "

"type. ::"

msgstr ""

"Python 支持多种 *复合* 数据类型，可将不同值组合在一起。最常用的 *列表* ，是用方括号标注，逗号分隔的一组值。*列表* "

"可以包含不同类型的元素，但一般情况下，各个元素的类型相同："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:393

msgid ""

"Like strings (and all other built-in :term:`sequence` types), lists can be "

"indexed and sliced::"

msgstr "和字符串（及其他内置 :term:`sequence` 类型）一样，列表也支持索引和切片："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:403

msgid ""

"All slice operations return a new list containing the requested elements. "

"This means that the following slice returns a :ref:`shallow copy "

"<shallow_vs_deep_copy>` of the list::"

msgstr "切片操作返回包含请求元素的新列表。以下切片操作会返回列表的 :ref:`浅拷贝 <shallow_vs_deep_copy>`："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:410

msgid "Lists also support operations like concatenation::"

msgstr "列表还支持合并操作："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:415

msgid ""

"Unlike strings, which are :term:`immutable`, lists are a :term:`mutable` "

"type, i.e. it is possible to change their content::"

msgstr "与 :term:`immutable` 字符串不同, 列表是 :term:`mutable` 类型，其内容可以改变："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:425

msgid ""

"You can also add new items at the end of the list, by using the "

":meth:`~list.append` *method* (we will see more about methods later)::"

msgstr ":meth:`~list.append` *方法* 可以在列表末尾添加新元素（后面我们会看到更多例子）："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:433

msgid ""

"Assignment to slices is also possible, and this can even change the size of "

"the list or clear it entirely::"

msgstr "为切片赋值可以改变列表大小，甚至清空整个列表："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:452

msgid "The built-in function :func:`len` also applies to lists::"

msgstr "内置函数 :func:`len` 也支持列表："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:458

msgid ""

"It is possible to nest lists (create lists containing other lists), for "

"example::"

msgstr "还可以嵌套列表（创建包含其他列表的列表），例如："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:474

msgid "First Steps Towards Programming"

msgstr "走向编程的第一步"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:476

msgid ""

"Of course, we can use Python for more complicated tasks than adding two and "

"two together. For instance, we can write an initial sub-sequence of the "

"`Fibonacci series <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ as "

"follows::"

msgstr ""

"当然，Python 还可以完成比二加二更复杂的任务。 例如，可以编写 `斐波那契数列 "

"<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ 的初始子序列，如下所示："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:496

msgid "This example introduces several new features."

msgstr "本例引入了几个新功能。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:498

msgid ""

"The first line contains a *multiple assignment*: the variables ``a`` and "

"``b`` simultaneously get the new values 0 and 1. On the last line this is "

"used again, demonstrating that the expressions on the right-hand side are "

"all evaluated first before any of the assignments take place. The right-"

"hand side expressions are evaluated from the left to the right."

msgstr ""

"第一行中的 *多重赋值* ：变量 ``a`` 和 ``b`` 同时获得新值 0 和 1 "

"。最后一行又用了一次多重赋值，体现了，等号右边的所有表达式的值，都是在这一语句对任何变量赋新值之前求出来的——求值顺序为从左到右。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:504

msgid ""

"The :keyword:`while` loop executes as long as the condition (here: ``a < "

"10``) remains true. In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is "

"true; zero is false. The condition may also be a string or list value, in "

"fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty sequences "

"are false. The test used in the example is a simple comparison. The "

"standard comparison operators are written the same as in C: ``<`` (less "

"than), ``>`` (greater than), ``==`` (equal to), ``<=`` (less than or equal "

"to), ``>=`` (greater than or equal to) and ``!=`` (not equal to)."

msgstr ""

":keyword:`while` 循环只要条件（这里是 ``a < 10``）为真就会一直执行。Python 和 C "

"一样，任何非零整数都为真，零为假。这个条件也可以是字符串或列表类型的值，事实上，任何序列都可以：长度非零就为真，空序列则为假。示例中的判断只是最简单的比较。比较操作符的写法和"

" C 语言一样： ``<`` （小于）、 ``>`` （大于）、 ``==`` （等于）、 ``<=`` （小于等于)、 ``>=`` （大于等于）及 "

"``!=`` （不等于）。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:513

msgid ""

"The *body* of the loop is *indented*: indentation is Python's way of "

"grouping statements. At the interactive prompt, you have to type a tab or "

"space(s) for each indented line. In practice you will prepare more "

"complicated input for Python with a text editor; all decent text editors "

"have an auto-indent facility. When a compound statement is entered "

"interactively, it must be followed by a blank line to indicate completion "

"(since the parser cannot guess when you have typed the last line). Note "

"that each line within a basic block must be indented by the same amount."

msgstr ""

"*循环体* 是 *缩进的* ：缩进是 Python "

"组织语句的方式。在交互式命令行里，得为每个缩进的行输入空格（或制表符）。使用文本编辑器可以实现更复杂的输入方式；所有像样的文本编辑器都支持自动缩进。交互式输入复合语句时，要在最后输入空白行表示完成（因为解析器不知道哪一行代码是代码块的最后一行）。注意，同一块语句的每一行的缩进相同。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:522

msgid ""

"The :func:`print` function writes the value of the argument(s) it is given. "

"It differs from just writing the expression you want to write (as we did "

"earlier in the calculator examples) in the way it handles multiple "

"arguments, floating point quantities, and strings. Strings are printed "

"without quotes, and a space is inserted between items, so you can format "

"things nicely, like this::"

msgstr ""

":func:`print` "

"函数输出给定参数的值。除了可以以单一的表达式作为参数（比如，前面的计算器的例子），它还能处理多个参数，包括浮点数与字符串。它输出的字符串不带引号，且各参数项之间会插入一个空格，这样可以实现更好的格式化操作："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:533

msgid ""

"The keyword argument *end* can be used to avoid the newline after the "

"output, or end the output with a different string::"

msgstr "关键字参数 *end* 可以取消输出后面的换行, 或用另一个字符串结尾："

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:545

msgid "Footnotes"

msgstr "备注"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:546

msgid ""

"Since ``**`` has higher precedence than ``-``, ``-3**2`` will be interpreted"

" as ``-(3**2)`` and thus result in ``-9``. To avoid this and get ``9``, you"

" can use ``(-3)**2``."

msgstr ""

"``**`` 比 ``-`` 的优先级更高, 所以 ``-3**2`` 会被解释成 ``-(3**2)`` ，因此，结果是 "

"``-9``。要避免这个问题，并且得到 ``9``, 可以用 ``(-3)**2``。"

#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:550

msgid ""

"Unlike other languages, special characters such as ``\\n`` have the same "

"meaning with both single (``'...'``) and double (``\"...\"``) quotes. The "

"only difference between the two is that within single quotes you don't need "

"to escape ``\"`` (but you have to escape ``\\'``) and vice versa."

msgstr ""

"与其他语言不同，特殊字符如 ``\\n`` 在单引号（``'...'`` ）和双引号（``\"...\"`` "

"）里的意义一样。这两种引号唯一的区别是，不需要在单引号里转义双引号 ``\"`` （但此时必须把单引号转义成 ``\\'`` ），反之亦然。"