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msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:5
msgid "Input and Output"
msgstr "输入与输出"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:7
msgid ""
"There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be "
"printed in a human-readable form, or written to a file for future use. This "
"chapter will discuss some of the possibilities."
msgstr "程序输出有几种显示方式；数据既可以输出供人阅读的形式，也可以写入文件备用。本章探讨一些可用的方式。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:15
msgid "Fancier Output Formatting"
msgstr "更复杂的输出格式"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:17
msgid ""
"So far we've encountered two ways of writing values: *expression statements*"
" and the :func:`print` function.  (A third way is using the :meth:`write` "
"method of file objects; the standard output file can be referenced as "
"``sys.stdout``. See the Library Reference for more information on this.)"
msgstr ""
"至此，我们已学习了两种写入值的方法：*表达式语句* 和 :func:`print` 函数。第三种方法是使用文件对象的 :meth:`write` "
"方法；标准输出文件称为 ``sys.stdout``。详见标准库参考。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:22
msgid ""
"Often you'll want more control over the formatting of your output than "
"simply printing space-separated values. There are several ways to format "
"output."
msgstr "对输出格式的控制不只是打印空格分隔的值，还需要更多方式。格式化输出包括以下几种方法。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:25
msgid ""
"To use :ref:`formatted string literals <tut-f-strings>`, begin a string with"
" ``f`` or ``F`` before the opening quotation mark or triple quotation mark. "
"Inside this string, you can write a Python expression between ``{`` and "
"``}`` characters that can refer to variables or literal values."
msgstr ""
"使用 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 <tut-f-strings>` ，要在字符串开头的引号/三引号前添加 ``f`` 或 ``F`` "
"。在这种字符串中，可以在 ``{`` 和 ``}`` 字符之间输入引用的变量，或字面值的 Python 表达式。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:37
msgid ""
"The :meth:`str.format` method of strings requires more manual effort.  "
"You'll still use ``{`` and ``}`` to mark where a variable will be "
"substituted and can provide detailed formatting directives, but you'll also "
"need to provide the information to be formatted."
msgstr ""
"字符串的 :meth:`str.format` 方法需要更多手动操作。该方法也用 ``{`` 和 ``}`` "
"标记替换变量的位置，虽然这种方法支持详细的格式化指令，但需要提供格式化信息。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:50
msgid ""
"Finally, you can do all the string handling yourself by using string slicing"
" and concatenation operations to create any layout you can imagine.  The "
"string type has some methods that perform useful operations for padding "
"strings to a given column width."
msgstr "最后，还可以用字符串切片和合并操作完成字符串处理操作，创建任何排版布局。字符串类型还支持将字符串按给定列宽进行填充，这些方法也很有用。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:55
msgid ""
"When you don't need fancy output but just want a quick display of some "
"variables for debugging purposes, you can convert any value to a string with"
" the :func:`repr` or :func:`str` functions."
msgstr "如果不需要花哨的输出，只想快速显示变量进行调试，可以用 :func:`repr` 或 :func:`str` 函数把值转化为字符串。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:59
msgid ""
"The :func:`str` function is meant to return representations of values which "
"are fairly human-readable, while :func:`repr` is meant to generate "
"representations which can be read by the interpreter (or will force a "
":exc:`SyntaxError` if there is no equivalent syntax).  For objects which "
"don't have a particular representation for human consumption, :func:`str` "
"will return the same value as :func:`repr`.  Many values, such as numbers or"
" structures like lists and dictionaries, have the same representation using "
"either function.  Strings, in particular, have two distinct representations."
msgstr ""
":func:`str` 函数返回供人阅读的值，:func:`repr` 则生成适于解释器读取的值（如果没有等效的语法，则强制执行 "
":exc:`SyntaxError`）。对于没有支持供人阅读展示结果的对象， :func:`str` 返回与 :func:`repr` "
"相同的值。一般情况下，数字、列表或字典等结构的值，使用这两个函数输出的表现形式是一样的。字符串有两种不同的表现形式。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:68
msgid "Some examples::"
msgstr "示例如下："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:91
msgid ""
"The :mod:`string` module contains a :class:`~string.Template` class that "
"offers yet another way to substitute values into strings, using placeholders"
" like ``$x`` and replacing them with values from a dictionary, but offers "
"much less control of the formatting."
msgstr ""
":mod:`string` 模块包含 :class:`~string.Template` 类，提供了将值替换为字符串的另一种方法。该类使用 ``$x``"
" 占位符，并用字典的值进行替换，但对格式控制的支持比较有限。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:100
msgid "Formatted String Literals"
msgstr "格式化字符串字面值"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:102
msgid ""
":ref:`Formatted string literals <f-strings>` (also called f-strings for "
"short) let you include the value of Python expressions inside a string by "
"prefixing the string with ``f`` or ``F`` and writing expressions as "
"``{expression}``."
msgstr ""
":ref:`格式化字符串字面值 <f-strings>` （简称为 f-字符串）在字符串前加前缀 ``f`` 或 ``F``，通过 "
"``{expression}`` 表达式，把 Python 表达式的值添加到字符串内。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:107
msgid ""
"An optional format specifier can follow the expression. This allows greater "
"control over how the value is formatted. The following example rounds pi to "
"three places after the decimal::"
msgstr "格式说明符是可选的，写在表达式后面，可以更好地控制格式化值的方式。下例将 pi 舍入到小数点后三位："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:115
msgid ""
"Passing an integer after the ``':'`` will cause that field to be a minimum "
"number of characters wide.  This is useful for making columns line up. ::"
msgstr "在 ``':'`` 后传递整数，为该字段设置最小字符宽度，常用于列对齐："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:126
msgid ""
"Other modifiers can be used to convert the value before it is formatted. "
"``'!a'`` applies :func:`ascii`, ``'!s'`` applies :func:`str`, and ``'!r'`` "
"applies :func:`repr`::"
msgstr ""
"还有一些修饰符可以在格式化前转换值。 ``'!a'`` 应用 :func:`ascii` ，``'!s'`` 应用 "
":func:`str`，``'!r'`` 应用 :func:`repr`："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:136
msgid ""
"The ``=`` specifier can be used to expand an expression to the text of the "
"expression, an equal sign, then the representation of the evaluated "
"expression:"
msgstr "``=`` 说明符可被用于将一个表达式扩展为表达式文本、等号再加表达式求值结果的形式。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:145
msgid ""
"See :ref:`self-documenting expressions <bpo-36817-whatsnew>` for more "
"information on the ``=`` specifier. For a reference on these format "
"specifications, see the reference guide for the :ref:`formatspec`."
msgstr ""
"请参阅 :ref:`自说明型表达式 <bpo-36817-whatsnew>` 以了解 ``=`` 说明符的更多信息。 "
"有关这些格式说明的详情，请查看针对 :ref:`formatspec` 的参考指南。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:152
msgid "The String format() Method"
msgstr "字符串 format() 方法"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:154
msgid "Basic usage of the :meth:`str.format` method looks like this::"
msgstr ":meth:`str.format` 方法的基本用法如下所示："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:159
msgid ""
"The brackets and characters within them (called format fields) are replaced "
"with the objects passed into the :meth:`str.format` method.  A number in the"
" brackets can be used to refer to the position of the object passed into the"
" :meth:`str.format` method. ::"
msgstr ""
"花括号及之内的字符（称为格式字段）被替换为传递给 :meth:`str.format` 方法的对象。花括号中的数字表示传递给 "
":meth:`str.format` 方法的对象所在的位置。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:169
msgid ""
"If keyword arguments are used in the :meth:`str.format` method, their values"
" are referred to by using the name of the argument. ::"
msgstr ":meth:`str.format` 方法中使用关键字参数名引用值。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:176
msgid "Positional and keyword arguments can be arbitrarily combined::"
msgstr "位置参数和关键字参数可以任意组合："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:182
msgid ""
"If you have a really long format string that you don't want to split up, it "
"would be nice if you could reference the variables to be formatted by name "
"instead of by position.  This can be done by simply passing the dict and "
"using square brackets ``'[]'`` to access the keys. ::"
msgstr ""
"如果不想分拆较长的格式字符串，最好按名称引用变量进行格式化，不要按位置。这项操作可以通过传递字典，并用方括号 ``'[]'`` 访问键来完成。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:192
msgid ""
"This could also be done by passing the ``table`` dictionary as keyword "
"arguments with the ``**`` notation. ::"
msgstr "这也可以通过将 ``table`` 字典作为采用 ``**`` 标记的关键字参数传入来实现。 ::"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:199
msgid ""
"This is particularly useful in combination with the built-in function "
":func:`vars`, which returns a dictionary containing all local variables."
msgstr "与内置函数 :func:`vars` 结合使用时，这种方式非常实用，可以返回包含所有局部变量的字典。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:202
msgid ""
"As an example, the following lines produce a tidily aligned set of columns "
"giving integers and their squares and cubes::"
msgstr "举个例子，以下几行代码将产生一组整齐的数据列，包含给定的整数及其平方与立方::"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:219
msgid ""
"For a complete overview of string formatting with :meth:`str.format`, see "
":ref:`formatstrings`."
msgstr ":meth:`str.format` 进行字符串格式化的完整概述详见 :ref:`formatstrings` 。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:224
msgid "Manual String Formatting"
msgstr "手动格式化字符串"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:226
msgid "Here's the same table of squares and cubes, formatted manually::"
msgstr "下面是使用手动格式化方式实现的同一个平方和立方的表："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:244
msgid ""
"(Note that the one space between each column was added by the way "
":func:`print` works: it always adds spaces between its arguments.)"
msgstr "（注意，每列之间的空格是通过使用 :func:`print` 添加的：它总在其参数间添加空格。）"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:247
msgid ""
"The :meth:`str.rjust` method of string objects right-justifies a string in a"
" field of a given width by padding it with spaces on the left. There are "
"similar methods :meth:`str.ljust` and :meth:`str.center`. These methods do "
"not write anything, they just return a new string. If the input string is "
"too long, they don't truncate it, but return it unchanged; this will mess up"
" your column lay-out but that's usually better than the alternative, which "
"would be lying about a value. (If you really want truncation you can always "
"add a slice operation, as in ``x.ljust(n)[:n]``.)"
msgstr ""
"字符串对象的 :meth:`str.rjust` 方法通过在左侧填充空格，对给定宽度字段中的字符串进行右对齐。同类方法还有 "
":meth:`str.ljust` 和 :meth:`str.center` "
"。这些方法不写入任何内容，只返回一个新字符串，如果输入的字符串太长，它们不会截断字符串，而是原样返回；虽然这种方式会弄乱列布局，但也比另一种方法好，后者在显示值时可能不准确（如果真的想截断字符串，可以使用"
" ``x.ljust(n)[:n]`` 这样的切片操作 。）"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:256
msgid ""
"There is another method, :meth:`str.zfill`, which pads a numeric string on "
"the left with zeros.  It understands about plus and minus signs::"
msgstr "另一种方法是 :meth:`str.zfill` ，该方法在数字字符串左边填充零，且能识别正负号："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:268
msgid "Old string formatting"
msgstr "旧式字符串格式化方法"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:270
msgid ""
"The % operator (modulo) can also be used for string formatting. Given "
"``'string' % values``, instances of ``%`` in ``string`` are replaced with "
"zero or more elements of ``values``. This operation is commonly known as "
"string interpolation. For example::"
msgstr ""
"% 运算符（求余符）也可用于字符串格式化。给定 ``'string' % values``，则 ``string`` 中的 ``%`` "
"实例会以零个或多个 ``values`` 元素替换。此操作被称为字符串插值。例如："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:279
msgid ""
"More information can be found in the :ref:`old-string-formatting` section."
msgstr ":ref:`old-string-formatting` 小节介绍更多相关内容。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:285
msgid "Reading and Writing Files"
msgstr "读写文件"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:291
msgid ""
":func:`open` returns a :term:`file object`, and is most commonly used with "
"two positional arguments and one keyword argument: ``open(filename, mode, "
"encoding=None)``"
msgstr ""
":func:`open` 返回一个 :term:`file object` ，最常使用的是两个位置参数和一个关键字参数：``open(filename,"
" mode, encoding=None)``"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:304
msgid ""
"The first argument is a string containing the filename.  The second argument"
" is another string containing a few characters describing the way in which "
"the file will be used.  *mode* can be ``'r'`` when the file will only be "
"read, ``'w'`` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be "
"erased), and ``'a'`` opens the file for appending; any data written to the "
"file is automatically added to the end.  ``'r+'`` opens the file for both "
"reading and writing. The *mode* argument is optional; ``'r'`` will be "
"assumed if it's omitted."
msgstr ""
"第一个实参是文件名字符串。第二个实参是包含描述文件使用方式字符的字符串。*mode* 的值包括 ``'r'`` ，表示文件只能读取；``'w'`` "
"表示只能写入（现有同名文件会被覆盖）；``'a'`` 表示打开文件并追加内容，任何写入的数据会自动添加到文件末尾。``'r+'`` "
"表示打开文件进行读写。*mode* 实参是可选的，省略时的默认值为 ``'r'``。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:313
msgid ""
"Normally, files are opened in :dfn:`text mode`, that means, you read and "
"write strings from and to the file, which are encoded in a specific "
"*encoding*. If *encoding* is not specified, the default is platform "
"dependent (see :func:`open`). Because UTF-8 is the modern de-facto standard,"
" ``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` is recommended unless you know that you need to use "
"a different encoding. Appending a ``'b'`` to the mode opens the file in "
":dfn:`binary mode`. Binary mode data is read and written as :class:`bytes` "
"objects. You can not specify *encoding* when opening file in binary mode."
msgstr ""
"通常情况下，文件是以 :dfn:`text mode` 打开的，也就是说，你从文件中读写字符串，这些字符串是以特定的 *encoding* "
"编码的。如果没有指定 *encoding* ，默认的是与平台有关的（见 :func:`open` ）。因为 UTF-8 "
"是现代事实上的标准，除非你知道你需要使用一个不同的编码，否则建议使用 ``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` 。在模式后面加上一个 ``'b'``"
" ，可以用 :dfn:`binary mode` 打开文件。二进制模式的数据是以 :class:`bytes` "
"对象的形式读写的。在二进制模式下打开文件时，你不能指定 *encoding* 。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:323
msgid ""
"In text mode, the default when reading is to convert platform-specific line "
"endings (``\\n`` on Unix, ``\\r\\n`` on Windows) to just ``\\n``.  When "
"writing in text mode, the default is to convert occurrences of ``\\n`` back "
"to platform-specific line endings.  This behind-the-scenes modification to "
"file data is fine for text files, but will corrupt binary data like that in "
":file:`JPEG` or :file:`EXE` files.  Be very careful to use binary mode when "
"reading and writing such files."
msgstr ""
"在文本模式下读取文件时，默认把平台特定的行结束符（Unix 上为 ``\\n``, Windows 上为 ``\\r\\n``）转换为 "
"``\\n``。在文本模式下写入数据时，默认把 ``\\n`` 转换回平台特定结束符。这种操作方式在后台修改文件数据对文本文件来说没有问题，但会破坏 "
":file:`JPEG` 或 :file:`EXE` 等二进制文件中的数据。注意，在读写此类文件时，一定要使用二进制模式。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:331
msgid ""
"It is good practice to use the :keyword:`with` keyword when dealing with "
"file objects.  The advantage is that the file is properly closed after its "
"suite finishes, even if an exception is raised at some point.  Using "
":keyword:`!with` is also much shorter than writing equivalent "
":keyword:`try`\\ -\\ :keyword:`finally` blocks::"
msgstr ""
"在处理文件对象时，最好使用 :keyword:`with` 关键字。优点是，子句体结束后，文件会正确关闭，即便触发异常也可以。而且，使用 "
":keyword:`!with` 相比等效的 :keyword:`try`\\ -\\ :keyword:`finally` 代码块要简短得多："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:344
msgid ""
"If you're not using the :keyword:`with` keyword, then you should call "
"``f.close()`` to close the file and immediately free up any system resources"
" used by it."
msgstr "如果没有使用 :keyword:`with` 关键字，则应调用 ``f.close()`` 关闭文件，即可释放文件占用的系统资源。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:349
msgid ""
"Calling ``f.write()`` without using the :keyword:`!with` keyword or calling "
"``f.close()`` **might** result in the arguments of ``f.write()`` not being "
"completely written to the disk, even if the program exits successfully."
msgstr ""
"调用 ``f.write()`` 时，未使用 :keyword:`!with` 关键字，或未调用 "
"``f.close()``，即使程序正常退出，也**可能** 导致 ``f.write()`` 的参数没有完全写入磁盘。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:357
msgid ""
"After a file object is closed, either by a :keyword:`with` statement or by "
"calling ``f.close()``, attempts to use the file object will automatically "
"fail. ::"
msgstr "通过 :keyword:`with` 语句，或调用 ``f.close()`` 关闭文件对象后，再次使用该文件对象将会失败。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:371
msgid "Methods of File Objects"
msgstr "文件对象的方法"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:373
msgid ""
"The rest of the examples in this section will assume that a file object "
"called ``f`` has already been created."
msgstr "本节下文中的例子假定已创建 ``f`` 文件对象。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:376
msgid ""
"To read a file's contents, call ``f.read(size)``, which reads some quantity "
"of data and returns it as a string (in text mode) or bytes object (in binary"
" mode). *size* is an optional numeric argument.  When *size* is omitted or "
"negative, the entire contents of the file will be read and returned; it's "
"your problem if the file is twice as large as your machine's memory. "
"Otherwise, at most *size* characters (in text mode) or *size* bytes (in "
"binary mode) are read and returned. If the end of the file has been reached,"
" ``f.read()`` will return an empty string (``''``).  ::"
msgstr ""
"``f.read(size)`` 可用于读取文件内容，它会读取一些数据，并返回字符串（文本模式），或字节串对象（在二进制模式下）。 *size* "
"是可选的数值参数。省略 *size* 或 *size* 为负数时，读取并返回整个文件的内容；文件大小是内存的两倍时，会出现问题。*size* "
"取其他值时，读取并返回最多 *size* 个字符（文本模式）或 *size* 个字节（二进制模式）。如已到达文件末尾，``f.read()`` "
"返回空字符串（``''``）。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:390
msgid ""
"``f.readline()`` reads a single line from the file; a newline character "
"(``\\n``) is left at the end of the string, and is only omitted on the last "
"line of the file if the file doesn't end in a newline.  This makes the "
"return value unambiguous; if ``f.readline()`` returns an empty string, the "
"end of the file has been reached, while a blank line is represented by "
"``'\\n'``, a string containing only a single newline.  ::"
msgstr ""
"``f.readline()`` "
"从文件中读取单行数据；字符串末尾保留换行符（``\\n``），只有在文件不以换行符结尾时，文件的最后一行才会省略换行符。这种方式让返回值清晰明确；只要 "
"``f.readline()`` 返回空字符串，就表示已经到达了文件末尾，空行使用 ``'\\n'`` 表示，该字符串只包含一个换行符。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:404
msgid ""
"For reading lines from a file, you can loop over the file object. This is "
"memory efficient, fast, and leads to simple code::"
msgstr "从文件中读取多行时，可以用循环遍历整个文件对象。这种操作能高效利用内存，快速，且代码简单："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:413
msgid ""
"If you want to read all the lines of a file in a list you can also use "
"``list(f)`` or ``f.readlines()``."
msgstr "如需以列表形式读取文件中的所有行，可以用 ``list(f)`` 或 ``f.readlines()``。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:416
msgid ""
"``f.write(string)`` writes the contents of *string* to the file, returning "
"the number of characters written. ::"
msgstr "``f.write(string)`` 把 *string* 的内容写入文件，并返回写入的字符数。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:422
msgid ""
"Other types of objects need to be converted -- either to a string (in text "
"mode) or a bytes object (in binary mode) -- before writing them::"
msgstr "写入其他类型的对象前，要先把它们转化为字符串（文本模式）或字节对象（二进制模式）："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:430
msgid ""
"``f.tell()`` returns an integer giving the file object's current position in"
" the file represented as number of bytes from the beginning of the file when"
" in binary mode and an opaque number when in text mode."
msgstr ""
"``f.tell()`` 返回整数，给出文件对象在文件中的当前位置，表示为二进制模式下时从文件开始的字节数，以及文本模式下的意义不明的数字。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:434
msgid ""
"To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, whence)``.  The "
"position is computed from adding *offset* to a reference point; the "
"reference point is selected by the *whence* argument.  A *whence* value of 0"
" measures from the beginning of the file, 1 uses the current file position, "
"and 2 uses the end of the file as the reference point.  *whence* can be "
"omitted and defaults to 0, using the beginning of the file as the reference "
"point. ::"
msgstr ""
"``f.seek(offset, whence)`` 可以改变文件对象的位置。通过向参考点添加 *offset* 计算位置；参考点由 *whence* "
"参数指定。 *whence* 值为 0 时，表示从文件开头计算，1 表示使用当前文件位置，2 表示使用文件末尾作为参考点。省略 *whence* "
"时，其默认值为 0，即使用文件开头作为参考点。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:453
msgid ""
"In text files (those opened without a ``b`` in the mode string), only seeks "
"relative to the beginning of the file are allowed (the exception being "
"seeking to the very file end with ``seek(0, 2)``) and the only valid "
"*offset* values are those returned from the ``f.tell()``, or zero. Any other"
" *offset* value produces undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"在文本文件（模式字符串未使用 ``b`` 时打开的文件）中，只允许相对于文件开头搜索（使用 ``seek(0, 2)`` "
"搜索到文件末尾是个例外），唯一有效的 *offset* 值是能从 ``f.tell()`` 中返回的，或 0。其他 *offset* "
"值都会产生未定义的行为。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:459
msgid ""
"File objects have some additional methods, such as :meth:`~file.isatty` and "
":meth:`~file.truncate` which are less frequently used; consult the Library "
"Reference for a complete guide to file objects."
msgstr ""
"文件对象还支持 :meth:`~file.isatty` 和 :meth:`~file.truncate`  "
"等方法，但不常用；文件对象的完整指南详见库参考。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:467
msgid "Saving structured data with :mod:`json`"
msgstr "使用 :mod:`json` 保存结构化数据"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:471
msgid ""
"Strings can easily be written to and read from a file.  Numbers take a bit "
"more effort, since the :meth:`read` method only returns strings, which will "
"have to be passed to a function like :func:`int`, which takes a string like "
"``'123'`` and returns its numeric value 123.  When you want to save more "
"complex data types like nested lists and dictionaries, parsing and "
"serializing by hand becomes complicated."
msgstr ""
"从文件写入或读取字符串很简单，数字则稍显麻烦，因为 :meth:`read` 方法只返回字符串，这些字符串必须传递给 :func:`int` "
"这样的函数，接受 ``'123'`` 这样的字符串，并返回数字值 123。保存嵌套列表、字典等复杂数据类型时，手动解析和序列化的操作非常复杂。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:478
msgid ""
"Rather than having users constantly writing and debugging code to save "
"complicated data types to files, Python allows you to use the popular data "
"interchange format called `JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) "
"<https://json.org>`_.  The standard module called :mod:`json` can take "
"Python data hierarchies, and convert them to string representations; this "
"process is called :dfn:`serializing`.  Reconstructing the data from the "
"string representation is called :dfn:`deserializing`.  Between serializing "
"and deserializing, the string representing the object may have been stored "
"in a file or data, or sent over a network connection to some distant "
"machine."
msgstr ""
"Python 允许你使用流行的数据交换格式 `JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) "
"<https://json.org>`_，而不是让用户持续编写和调试代码来将复杂的数据类型存入文件中。 标准库模块 :mod:`json` "
"可以接受带有层级结构的 Python 数据，并将其转换为字符串表示形式；这个过程称为 :dfn:`serializing`。 "
"根据字符串表示形式重建数据则称为 :dfn:`deserializing`。 "
"在序列化和反序列化之间，用于代表对象的字符串可以存储在文件或数据库中，或者通过网络连接发送到远端主机。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:489
msgid ""
"The JSON format is commonly used by modern applications to allow for data "
"exchange.  Many programmers are already familiar with it, which makes it a "
"good choice for interoperability."
msgstr "JSON 格式通常用于现代应用程序的数据交换。程序员早已对它耳熟能详，可谓是交互操作的不二之选。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:493
msgid ""
"If you have an object ``x``, you can view its JSON string representation "
"with a simple line of code::"
msgstr "只需一行简单的代码即可查看某个对象的 JSON 字符串表现形式："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:501
msgid ""
"Another variant of the :func:`~json.dumps` function, called "
":func:`~json.dump`, simply serializes the object to a :term:`text file`.  So"
" if ``f`` is a :term:`text file` object opened for writing, we can do this::"
msgstr ""
":func:`~json.dumps` 函数还有一个变体， :func:`~json.dump` ，它只将对象序列化为 :term:`text "
"file` 。因此，如果 ``f`` 是 :term:`text file` 对象，可以这样做："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:507
msgid ""
"To decode the object again, if ``f`` is a :term:`binary file` or :term:`text"
" file` object which has been opened for reading::"
msgstr ""
"要再次解码对象，如果 ``f`` 是已打开、供读取的 :term:`binary file` 或 :term:`text file` 对象："

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:513
msgid ""
"JSON files must be encoded in UTF-8. Use ``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` when opening"
" JSON file as a :term:`text file` for both of reading and writing."
msgstr ""
"JSON文件必须以UTF-8编码。当打开JSON文件作为一个 :term:`text file` 用于读写时，使用 "
"``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` 。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:516
msgid ""
"This simple serialization technique can handle lists and dictionaries, but "
"serializing arbitrary class instances in JSON requires a bit of extra "
"effort. The reference for the :mod:`json` module contains an explanation of "
"this."
msgstr ""
"这种简单的序列化技术可以处理列表和字典，但在 JSON 中序列化任意类的实例，则需要付出额外努力。:mod:`json` 模块的参考包含对此的解释。"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:522
msgid ":mod:`pickle` - the pickle module"
msgstr ":mod:`pickle` - 封存模块"

#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:524
msgid ""
"Contrary to :ref:`JSON <tut-json>`, *pickle* is a protocol which allows the "
"serialization of arbitrarily complex Python objects.  As such, it is "
"specific to Python and cannot be used to communicate with applications "
"written in other languages.  It is also insecure by default: deserializing "
"pickle data coming from an untrusted source can execute arbitrary code, if "
"the data was crafted by a skilled attacker."
msgstr ""
"与 :ref:`JSON <tut-json>` 不同，*pickle* 是一种允许对复杂 Python 对象进行序列化的协议。因此，它为 Python"
" 所特有，不能用于与其他语言编写的应用程序通信。默认情况下它也是不安全的：如果解序化的数据是由手段高明的攻击者精心设计的，这种不受信任来源的 "
"pickle 数据可以执行任意代码。"