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msgid ""
msgstr ""
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#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:6
msgid "Virtual Environments and Packages"
msgstr "虚拟环境和包"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:9
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "概述"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:11
msgid ""
"Python applications will often use packages and modules that don't come as "
"part of the standard library.  Applications will sometimes need a specific "
"version of a library, because the application may require that a particular "
"bug has been fixed or the application may be written using an obsolete "
"version of the library's interface."
msgstr ""
"Python应用程序通常会使用不在标准库内的软件包和模块。应用程序有时需要特定版本的库，因为应用程序可能需要修复特定的错误，或者可以使用库的过时版本的接口编写应用程序。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:17
msgid ""
"This means it may not be possible for one Python installation to meet the "
"requirements of every application.  If application A needs version 1.0 of a "
"particular module but application B needs version 2.0, then the requirements"
" are in conflict and installing either version 1.0 or 2.0 will leave one "
"application unable to run."
msgstr ""
"这意味着一个Python安装可能无法满足每个应用程序的要求。如果应用程序A需要特定模块的1.0版本但应用程序B需要2.0版本，则需求存在冲突，安装版本1.0或2.0将导致某一个应用程序无法运行。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:23
msgid ""
"The solution for this problem is to create a :term:`virtual environment`, a "
"self-contained directory tree that contains a Python installation for a "
"particular version of Python, plus a number of additional packages."
msgstr ""
"这个问题的解决方案是创建一个 :term:`virtual environment`，一个目录树，其中安装有特定Python版本，以及许多其他包。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:27
msgid ""
"Different applications can then use different virtual environments. To "
"resolve the earlier example of conflicting requirements, application A can "
"have its own virtual environment with version 1.0 installed while "
"application B has another virtual environment with version 2.0. If "
"application B requires a library be upgraded to version 3.0, this will not "
"affect application A's environment."
msgstr ""
"然后，不同的应用将可以使用不同的虚拟环境。 要解决先前需求相冲突的例子，应用程序 A 可以拥有自己的 安装了 1.0 版本的虚拟环境，而应用程序 B "
"则拥有安装了 2.0 版本的另一个虚拟环境。 如果应用程序 B 要求将某个库升级到 3.0 版本，也不会影响应用程序 A 的环境。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:36
msgid "Creating Virtual Environments"
msgstr "创建虚拟环境"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:38
msgid ""
"The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called "
":mod:`venv`.  :mod:`venv` will usually install the most recent version of "
"Python that you have available. If you have multiple versions of Python on "
"your system, you can select a specific Python version by running ``python3``"
" or whichever version you want."
msgstr ""
"用于创建和管理虚拟环境的模块称为 :mod:`venv`。:mod:`venv` 通常会安装你可用的最新版本的 Python。如果您的系统上有多个版本的"
" Python，您可以通过运行 ``python3`` 或您想要的任何版本来选择特定的Python版本。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:44
msgid ""
"To create a virtual environment, decide upon a directory where you want to "
"place it, and run the :mod:`venv` module as a script with the directory "
"path::"
msgstr "要创建虚拟环境，请确定要放置它的目录，并将 :mod:`venv` 模块作为脚本运行目录路径::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:49
msgid ""
"This will create the ``tutorial-env`` directory if it doesn't exist, and "
"also create directories inside it containing a copy of the Python "
"interpreter, the standard library, and various supporting files."
msgstr ""

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:53
msgid ""
"A common directory location for a virtual environment is ``.venv``. This "
"name keeps the directory typically hidden in your shell and thus out of the "
"way while giving it a name that explains why the directory exists. It also "
"prevents clashing with ``.env`` environment variable definition files that "
"some tooling supports."
msgstr ""
"虚拟环境的常用目录位置是 ``.venv``。 这个名称通常会令该目录在你的终端中保持隐藏，从而避免需要对所在目录进行额外解释的一般名称。 "
"它还能防止与某些工具所支持的 ``.env`` 环境变量定义文件发生冲突。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:59
msgid "Once you've created a virtual environment, you may activate it."
msgstr "创建虚拟环境后，您可以激活它。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:61
msgid "On Windows, run::"
msgstr "在Windows上，运行::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:65
msgid "On Unix or MacOS, run::"
msgstr "在Unix或MacOS上，运行::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:69
msgid ""
"(This script is written for the bash shell.  If you use the :program:`csh` "
"or :program:`fish` shells, there are alternate ``activate.csh`` and "
"``activate.fish`` scripts you should use instead.)"
msgstr ""
"（这个脚本是为bash shell编写的。如果你使用 :program:`csh` 或 :program:`fish` shell，你应该改用 "
"``activate.csh`` 或 ``activate.fish`` 脚本。）"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:74
msgid ""
"Activating the virtual environment will change your shell's prompt to show "
"what virtual environment you're using, and modify the environment so that "
"running ``python`` will get you that particular version and installation of "
"Python. For example:"
msgstr ""
"激活虚拟环境将改变你所用终端的提示符，以显示你正在使用的虚拟环境，并修改环境以使 ``python`` 命令所运行的将是已安装的特定 Python "
"版本。 例如："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:93
msgid "Managing Packages with pip"
msgstr "使用pip管理包"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:95
msgid ""
"You can install, upgrade, and remove packages using a program called "
":program:`pip`.  By default ``pip`` will install packages from the Python "
"Package Index, <https://pypi.org>.  You can browse the Python Package Index "
"by going to it in your web browser."
msgstr ""

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:100
msgid ""
"``pip`` has a number of subcommands: \"install\", \"uninstall\", \"freeze\","
" etc.  (Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide for complete documentation"
" for ``pip``.)"
msgstr ""
"``pip`` 有许多子命令: \"install\", \"uninstall\", \"freeze\" 等等。 （请在 "
":ref:`installing-index` 指南页查看完整的 ``pip`` 文档。）"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:104
msgid ""
"You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's "
"name:"
msgstr "您可以通过指定包的名称来安装最新版本的包："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:115
msgid ""
"You can also install a specific version of a package by giving the package "
"name  followed by ``==`` and the version number:"
msgstr "您还可以通过提供包名称后跟 ``==`` 和版本号来安装特定版本的包："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:126
msgid ""
"If you re-run this command, ``pip`` will notice that the requested version "
"is already installed and do nothing.  You can supply a different version "
"number to get that version, or you can run ``pip install --upgrade`` to "
"upgrade the package to the latest version:"
msgstr ""
"如果你重新运行这个命令，``pip`` 会注意到已经安装了所请求的版本并且什么都不做。您可以提供不同的版本号来获取该版本，或者您可以运行 ``pip "
"install --upgrade`` 将软件包升级到最新版本："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:141
msgid ""
"``pip uninstall`` followed by one or more package names will remove the "
"packages from the virtual environment."
msgstr "``pip uninstall`` 后跟一个或多个包名称将从虚拟环境中删除包。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:144
msgid "``pip show`` will display information about a particular package:"
msgstr "``pip show`` 将显示有关特定包的信息："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:161
msgid ""
"``pip list`` will display all of the packages installed in the virtual "
"environment:"
msgstr "``pip list`` 将显示虚拟环境中安装的所有软件包："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:173
msgid ""
"``pip freeze`` will produce a similar list of the installed packages, but "
"the output uses the format that ``pip install`` expects. A common convention"
" is to put this list in a ``requirements.txt`` file:"
msgstr ""
"`pip freeze`` 将生成一个类似的已安装包列表，但输出使用 ``pip install`` 期望的格式。一个常见的约定是将此列表放在 "
"``requirements.txt`` 文件中："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:185
msgid ""
"The ``requirements.txt`` can then be committed to version control and "
"shipped as part of an application.  Users can then install all the necessary"
" packages with ``install -r``:"
msgstr ""
"然后可以将 ``requirements.txt`` 提交给版本控制并作为应用程序的一部分提供。然后用户可以使用 ``install -r`` "
"安装所有必需的包："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:202
msgid ""
"``pip`` has many more options.  Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide "
"for complete documentation for ``pip``.  When you've written a package and "
"want to make it available on the Python Package Index, consult the "
":ref:`distributing-index` guide."
msgstr ""
"``pip`` 有更多选择。有关 ``pip`` 的完整文档，请参阅 :ref:`installing-index` 指南。当您编写一个包并希望在 "
"Python 包索引中使它可用时，请参考 :ref:`distributing-index` 指南。"