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msgid ""

msgstr ""

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#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:6

msgid "Virtual Environments and Packages"

msgstr "虛擬環境與套件"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:9

msgid "Introduction"

msgstr "簡介"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:11

msgid ""

"Python applications will often use packages and modules that don't come as "

"part of the standard library. Applications will sometimes need a specific "

"version of a library, because the application may require that a particular "

"bug has been fixed or the application may be written using an obsolete "

"version of the library's interface."

msgstr ""

"Python 應用程式通常會用到不在標準函式庫的套件和模組。應用程式有時候會需要某個"

"特定版本的函式庫，因為這個應用程式可能需要某個特殊的臭蟲修正，或是這個應用程"

"式是根據該函式庫特定版本的介面所撰寫。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:17

msgid ""

"This means it may not be possible for one Python installation to meet the "

"requirements of every application. If application A needs version 1.0 of a "

"particular module but application B needs version 2.0, then the requirements "

"are in conflict and installing either version 1.0 or 2.0 will leave one "

"application unable to run."

msgstr ""

"這意味著不太可能安裝一套 Python 就可以滿足所有應用程式的要求。如果應用程式 A "

"需要一個特定的模組的 1.0 版，但另外一個應用程式 B 需要 2.0 版，那麼這整個需求"

"不管安裝 1.0 或是 2.0 都會衝突，以致於應用程式無法使用。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:23

msgid ""

"The solution for this problem is to create a :term:`virtual environment`, a "

"self-contained directory tree that contains a Python installation for a "

"particular version of Python, plus a number of additional packages."

msgstr ""

"解決方案是建立一個\\ :term:`虛擬環境 (virtual environment) <virtual "

"environment>`，這是一個獨立的資料夾，並且裡面裝好了特定版本的 Python，以及一"

"系列相關的套件。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:27

msgid ""

"Different applications can then use different virtual environments. To "

"resolve the earlier example of conflicting requirements, application A can "

"have its own virtual environment with version 1.0 installed while "

"application B has another virtual environment with version 2.0. If "

"application B requires a library be upgraded to version 3.0, this will not "

"affect application A's environment."

msgstr ""

"不同的應用程式可以使用不同的虛擬環境。以前述中需要被解決的例子中，應用程式 A "

"能夠擁有它自己的虛擬環境，並且是裝好 1.0 版，然而應用程式 B 則可以是用另外一"

"個有 2.0 版的虛擬環境。要是應用程式 B 需要某個函式庫被升級到 3.0 版，這並不會"

"影響到應用程式 A 的環境。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:36

msgid "Creating Virtual Environments"

msgstr "建立虛擬環境"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:38

msgid ""

"The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called :mod:"

"`venv`. :mod:`venv` will install the Python version from which the command "

"was run (as reported by the :option:`--version` option). For instance, "

"executing the command with ``python3.12`` will install version 3.12."

msgstr ""

"用來建立與管理虛擬環境的模組叫做 :mod:`venv`。:mod:`venv` 將安裝執行命令的 "

"Python 版本（如 :option:`--version` 選項所報告的）。例如使用 ``python3.12`` "

"執行命令將安裝 3.12 版本。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:44

msgid ""

"To create a virtual environment, decide upon a directory where you want to "

"place it, and run the :mod:`venv` module as a script with the directory "

"path::"

msgstr ""

"在建立虛擬環境的時候，在你決定要放該虛擬環境的資料夾之後，以腳本 (script) 執"

"行 :mod:`venv` 模組並且給定資料夾路徑： ::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:47

msgid "python -m venv tutorial-env"

msgstr "python -m venv tutorial-env"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:49

msgid ""

"This will create the ``tutorial-env`` directory if it doesn't exist, and "

"also create directories inside it containing a copy of the Python "

"interpreter and various supporting files."

msgstr ""

"如果 ``tutorial-env`` 不存在的話，這會建立 ``tutorial-env`` 資料夾，並且也會"

"在裡面建立一個有 Python 直譯器的複本以及不同的支援檔案的資料夾。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:53

msgid ""

"A common directory location for a virtual environment is ``.venv``. This "

"name keeps the directory typically hidden in your shell and thus out of the "

"way while giving it a name that explains why the directory exists. It also "

"prevents clashing with ``.env`` environment variable definition files that "

"some tooling supports."

msgstr ""

"虛擬環境的常用資料夾位置是 ``.venv``。這個名稱通常會使該資料夾在你的 shell 中"

"保持隱藏，因此這樣命名既可以解釋資料夾存在的原因，也不會造成任何困擾。它還能"

"防止與某些工具所支援的 ``.env`` 環境變數定義檔案發生衝突。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:59

msgid "Once you've created a virtual environment, you may activate it."

msgstr "一旦你建立了一個虛擬環境，你可以啟動它。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:61

msgid "On Windows, run::"

msgstr "在 Windows 系統中，使用： ::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:63

msgid "tutorial-env\\Scripts\\activate"

msgstr "tutorial-env\\Scripts\\activate"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:65

msgid "On Unix or MacOS, run::"

msgstr "在 Unix 或 MacOS 系統，使用： ::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:67

msgid "source tutorial-env/bin/activate"

msgstr "source tutorial-env/bin/activate"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:69

msgid ""

"(This script is written for the bash shell. If you use the :program:`csh` "

"or :program:`fish` shells, there are alternate ``activate.csh`` and "

"``activate.fish`` scripts you should use instead.)"

msgstr ""

"（這段程式碼適用於 bash shell。如果你是用 :program:`csh` 或者 :program:"

"`fish` shell，應當使用替代的 ``activate.csh`` 與 ``activate.fish`` 腳本。）"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:74

msgid ""

"Activating the virtual environment will change your shell's prompt to show "

"what virtual environment you're using, and modify the environment so that "

"running ``python`` will get you that particular version and installation of "

"Python. For example:"

msgstr ""

"啟動虛擬環境會改變你的 shell 提示字元來顯示你正在使用的虛擬環境，並且修改環境"

"以讓你在執行 ``python`` 的時候可以得到特定的 Python 版本，例如："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:79

msgid ""

"$ source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate\n"

"(tutorial-env) $ python\n"

"Python 3.5.1 (default, May 6 2016, 10:59:36)\n"

" ...\n"

">>> import sys\n"

">>> sys.path\n"

"['', '/usr/local/lib/python35.zip', ...,\n"

"'~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages']\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

"$ source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate\n"

"(tutorial-env) $ python\n"

"Python 3.5.1 (default, May 6 2016, 10:59:36)\n"

" ...\n"

">>> import sys\n"

">>> sys.path\n"

"['', '/usr/local/lib/python35.zip', ...,\n"

"'~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages']\n"

">>>"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:91

msgid "To deactivate a virtual environment, type::"

msgstr "要停用虛擬環境，輸入： ::"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:93

msgid "deactivate"

msgstr "deactivate"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:95

msgid "into the terminal."

msgstr "於終端機中。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:98

msgid "Managing Packages with pip"

msgstr "用 pip 管理套件"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:100

msgid ""

"You can install, upgrade, and remove packages using a program called :"

"program:`pip`. By default ``pip`` will install packages from the `Python "

"Package Index <https://pypi.org>`_. You can browse the Python Package Index "

"by going to it in your web browser."

msgstr ""

"你可以使用一個叫做 :program:`pip` 的程式來安裝、升級和移除套件。``pip`` 預設"

"會從 `Python Package Index <https://pypi.org>`_ 安裝套件。你可以透過你的網頁"

"瀏覽器瀏覽 Python Package Index。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:105

msgid ""

"``pip`` has a number of subcommands: \"install\", \"uninstall\", \"freeze\", "

"etc. (Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide for complete documentation "

"for ``pip``.)"

msgstr ""

"``pip`` 有好幾個子命令：\"install\"、\"uninstall\"、\"freeze\" 等等。（可以參"

"考\\ :ref:`installing-index`\\ 指南，來取得 ``pip`` 的完整說明文件。）"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:109

msgid ""

"You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's "

"name:"

msgstr "你可以透過指定套件名字來安裝最新版本的套件："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:111

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install novas\n"

"Collecting novas\n"

" Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB)\n"

"Installing collected packages: novas\n"

" Running setup.py install for novas\n"

"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install novas\n"

"Collecting novas\n"

" Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB)\n"

"Installing collected packages: novas\n"

" Running setup.py install for novas\n"

"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:120

msgid ""

"You can also install a specific version of a package by giving the package "

"name followed by ``==`` and the version number:"

msgstr "你也可以透過在套件名稱之後接上 ``==`` 和版號來指定特定版本："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:123

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install requests==2.6.0\n"

"Collecting requests==2.6.0\n"

" Using cached requests-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n"

"Installing collected packages: requests\n"

"Successfully installed requests-2.6.0"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install requests==2.6.0\n"

"Collecting requests==2.6.0\n"

" Using cached requests-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n"

"Installing collected packages: requests\n"

"Successfully installed requests-2.6.0"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:131

msgid ""

"If you re-run this command, ``pip`` will notice that the requested version "

"is already installed and do nothing. You can supply a different version "

"number to get that version, or you can run ``python -m pip install --"

"upgrade`` to upgrade the package to the latest version:"

msgstr ""

"要是你重新執行此命令，``pip`` 會知道該版本已經安裝過，然後什麼也不做。你可以"

"提供不同的版本號碼來取得該版本，或是可以執行 ``python -m pip install --"

"upgrade`` 來把套件升級到最新的版本："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:136

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install --upgrade requests\n"

"Collecting requests\n"

"Installing collected packages: requests\n"

" Found existing installation: requests 2.6.0\n"

" Uninstalling requests-2.6.0:\n"

" Successfully uninstalled requests-2.6.0\n"

"Successfully installed requests-2.7.0"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install --upgrade requests\n"

"Collecting requests\n"

"Installing collected packages: requests\n"

" Found existing installation: requests 2.6.0\n"

" Uninstalling requests-2.6.0:\n"

" Successfully uninstalled requests-2.6.0\n"

"Successfully installed requests-2.7.0"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:146

msgid ""

"``python -m pip uninstall`` followed by one or more package names will "

"remove the packages from the virtual environment."

msgstr ""

"``python -m pip uninstall`` 後面接一個或是多個套件名稱可以從虛擬環境中移除套"

"件。"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:149

msgid ""

"``python -m pip show`` will display information about a particular package:"

msgstr "``python -m pip show`` 可以顯示一個特定套件的資訊："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:151

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip show requests\n"

"---\n"

"Metadata-Version: 2.0\n"

"Name: requests\n"

"Version: 2.7.0\n"

"Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.\n"

"Home-page: http://python-requests.org\n"

"Author: Kenneth Reitz\n"

"Author-email: [email protected]\n"

"License: Apache 2.0\n"

"Location: /Users/akuchling/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.4/site-packages\n"

"Requires:"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip show requests\n"

"---\n"

"Metadata-Version: 2.0\n"

"Name: requests\n"

"Version: 2.7.0\n"

"Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.\n"

"Home-page: http://python-requests.org\n"

"Author: Kenneth Reitz\n"

"Author-email: [email protected]\n"

"License: Apache 2.0\n"

"Location: /Users/akuchling/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.4/site-packages\n"

"Requires:"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:166

msgid ""

"``python -m pip list`` will display all of the packages installed in the "

"virtual environment:"

msgstr "``python -m pip list`` 會顯示虛擬環境中所有已經安裝的套件："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:169

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip list\n"

"novas (3.1.1.3)\n"

"numpy (1.9.2)\n"

"pip (7.0.3)\n"

"requests (2.7.0)\n"

"setuptools (16.0)"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip list\n"

"novas (3.1.1.3)\n"

"numpy (1.9.2)\n"

"pip (7.0.3)\n"

"requests (2.7.0)\n"

"setuptools (16.0)"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:178

msgid ""

"``python -m pip freeze`` will produce a similar list of the installed "

"packages, but the output uses the format that ``python -m pip install`` "

"expects. A common convention is to put this list in a ``requirements.txt`` "

"file:"

msgstr ""

"``python -m pip freeze`` 可以複製一整個已經安裝的套件清單，但是輸出使用 "

"``python -m pip install`` 可以讀懂的格式。一個常見的慣例是放這整個清單到一個"

"叫做 ``requirements.txt`` 的檔案："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:182

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip freeze > requirements.txt\n"

"(tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt\n"

"novas==3.1.1.3\n"

"numpy==1.9.2\n"

"requests==2.7.0"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip freeze > requirements.txt\n"

"(tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt\n"

"novas==3.1.1.3\n"

"numpy==1.9.2\n"

"requests==2.7.0"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:190

msgid ""

"The ``requirements.txt`` can then be committed to version control and "

"shipped as part of an application. Users can then install all the necessary "

"packages with ``install -r``:"

msgstr ""

"``requirements.txt`` 可以提交到版本控制，並且作為釋出應用程式的一部分。使用者"

"可以透過 ``install -r`` 安裝對應的的套件："

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:194

msgid ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt\n"

"Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))\n"

" ...\n"

"Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))\n"

" ...\n"

"Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))\n"

" ...\n"

"Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests\n"

" Running setup.py install for novas\n"

"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0"

msgstr ""

"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt\n"

"Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))\n"

" ...\n"

"Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))\n"

" ...\n"

"Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))\n"

" ...\n"

"Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests\n"

" Running setup.py install for novas\n"

"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0"

#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:207

msgid ""

"``pip`` has many more options. Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide "

"for complete documentation for ``pip``. When you've written a package and "

"want to make it available on the Python Package Index, consult the `Python "

"packaging user guide`_."

msgstr ""

"``pip`` 還有更多功能。可以參考\\ :ref:`installing-index`\\ 指南，來取得完整"

"的 ``pip`` 說明文件。當你撰寫了一個套件並且想要讓它在 Python Package Index 上"

"可以取得的話，可以參考 `Python packaging user guide`_。"