diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9d5ace13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+language: python
+python:
+  - 2.7
+before_install:
+  - sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
+  - sudo add-apt-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe"
+  - sudo apt-get -qq update
+  - sudo apt-get -qq install mono-devel mono-gmcs mono-xbuild nunit-console
+install:
+  - cd pythonnet
+  - python setupmono.py build_ext --inplace
+script:
+  - export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`
+  - ./npython src/tests/runtests.py
diff --git a/pythonnet/pythonnet.sln b/pythonnet/pythonnet.sln
index a1613ef10..14c73d359 100644
--- a/pythonnet/pythonnet.sln
+++ b/pythonnet/pythonnet.sln
@@ -89,18 +89,10 @@ Global
 		{E29DCF0A-5114-4A98-B1DD-71264B6EA349}.ReleaseWin|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{E29DCF0A-5114-4A98-B1DD-71264B6EA349}.ReleaseWin|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
 		{E29DCF0A-5114-4A98-B1DD-71264B6EA349}.ReleaseWin|x86.Build.0 = Release|x86
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugMono|x64.ActiveCfg = DebugMono|x64
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugMono|x64.Build.0 = DebugMono|x64
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugMono|x86.ActiveCfg = DebugMono|x86
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugMono|x86.Build.0 = DebugMono|x86
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugWin|x64.ActiveCfg = DebugWin|x64
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugWin|x64.Build.0 = DebugWin|x64
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugWin|x86.ActiveCfg = DebugWin|x86
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.DebugWin|x86.Build.0 = DebugWin|x86
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseMono|x64.ActiveCfg = ReleaseMono|x64
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseMono|x64.Build.0 = ReleaseMono|x64
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseMono|x86.ActiveCfg = ReleaseMono|x86
-		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseMono|x86.Build.0 = ReleaseMono|x86
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseWin|x64.ActiveCfg = ReleaseWin|x64
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseWin|x64.Build.0 = ReleaseWin|x64
 		{86E834DE-1139-4511-96CC-69636A56E7AC}.ReleaseWin|x86.ActiveCfg = ReleaseWin|x86
diff --git a/pythonnet/setupmono.py b/pythonnet/setupmono.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf13fb5a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pythonnet/setupmono.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""
+Setup script for building clr.pyd and dependencies using mono and into
+an egg or wheel.
+"""
+from setuptools import setup, Extension
+from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext
+from distutils.sysconfig import get_config_vars
+from platform import architecture
+from subprocess import check_output, check_call
+import shutil
+import sys
+import os
+
+CONFIG = "Release" # Release or Debug
+DEVTOOLS = "Mono" # Mono or MsDev
+VERBOSITY = "minimal" # quiet, minimal, normal, detailed, diagnostic
+
+if DEVTOOLS == "MsDev":
+    from distutils import msvc9compiler
+    msvc9compiler.VERSION = 11
+
+    cc = msvc9compiler.MSVCCompiler()
+    cc.initialize()
+    _xbuild = cc.find_exe("msbuild.exe")
+    _defines_sep = ";"
+    _config = "%sWin" % CONFIG
+
+elif DEVTOOLS == "Mono":
+    _xbuild = "xbuild"
+    _defines_sep = ","
+    _config = "%sMono" % CONFIG
+
+else:
+    raise NotImplementedError("DevTools %s not supported (use MsDev or Mono)" % DEVTOOLS)
+
+_platform = "x64" if architecture()[0] == "64bit" else "x86"
+
+class PythonNET_BuildExt(build_ext):
+
+    def build_extension(self, ext):
+        """
+        Builds the .pyd file using msbuild or xbuild.
+        """
+        if ext.name != "clr":
+            return super(PythonNET_BuildExt, self).build_extension(ext)
+
+        dest_file = self.get_ext_fullpath(ext.name)
+        dest_dir = os.path.dirname(dest_file)
+        if not os.path.exists(dest_dir):
+            os.makedirs(dest_dir)
+
+        defines = [
+            "PYTHON%d%s" % (sys.version_info[:2]),
+            "UCS2" if sys.maxunicode < 0x10FFFF else "UCS4",
+        ]
+
+        if CONFIG == "Debug":
+            defines.extend(["DEBUG", "TRACE"])
+
+        cmd = [
+            _xbuild,
+            "pythonnet.sln",
+            "/p:Configuration=%s" % _config,
+            "/p:Platform=%s" % _platform,
+            "/p:DefineConstants=\"%s\"" % _defines_sep.join(defines),
+            "/p:PythonBuildDir=%s" % os.path.abspath(dest_dir),
+            "/p:NoNuGet=true",
+            "/verbosity:%s" % VERBOSITY,
+        ]
+
+        self.announce("Building: %s" % " ".join(cmd))
+        check_call(" ".join(cmd) + " /t:Clean", shell=True)
+        check_call(" ".join(cmd) + " /t:Build", shell=True)
+
+        if DEVTOOLS == "Mono":
+            self._build_monoclr(ext)
+
+
+    def _build_monoclr(self, ext):
+        mono_libs = check_output("pkg-config --libs mono-2", shell=True)
+        mono_cflags = check_output("pkg-config --cflags mono-2", shell=True)
+        glib_libs = check_output("pkg-config --libs glib-2.0", shell=True)
+        glib_cflags = check_output("pkg-config --cflags glib-2.0", shell=True)
+        cflags = mono_cflags.strip() + " " + glib_cflags.strip()
+        libs = mono_libs.strip() + " " + glib_libs.strip()
+
+        # build the clr python module
+        setup(name="monoclr",
+              ext_modules=[
+                Extension("clr",
+                    sources=[
+                        "src/monoclr/pynetinit.c",
+                        "src/monoclr/clrmod.c"
+                    ],
+                    extra_compile_args=cflags.split(" "),
+                    extra_link_args=libs.split(" "),
+                )]
+        )
+
+        # build the clr python executable
+        sources = [
+            "src/monoclr/pynetinit.c",
+            "src/monoclr/python.c",
+        ]
+
+        macros = ext.define_macros[:]
+        for undef in ext.undef_macros:
+            macros.append((undef,))
+
+        objects = self.compiler.compile(sources,
+                                        output_dir=self.build_temp,
+                                        macros=macros,
+                                        include_dirs=ext.include_dirs,
+                                        debug=self.debug,
+                                        extra_postargs=cflags.split(" "),
+                                        depends=ext.depends)
+
+        output_dir = os.path.dirname(self.get_ext_fullpath(ext.name))
+        py_libs = get_config_vars("BLDLIBRARY")[0]
+        libs += " " + py_libs
+
+        self.compiler.link_executable(objects,
+                                      "npython",
+                                      output_dir=output_dir,
+                                      libraries=self.get_libraries(ext),
+                                      library_dirs=ext.library_dirs,
+                                      runtime_library_dirs=ext.runtime_library_dirs,
+                                      extra_postargs=libs.split(" "),
+                                      debug=self.debug)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    setup(name="pythonnet",
+          ext_modules=[
+            Extension("clr", sources=[])
+          ],
+          cmdclass = {
+            "build_ext" : PythonNET_BuildExt
+          }
+    )
+
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/clrmodule/clrmodule.csproj b/pythonnet/src/clrmodule/clrmodule.csproj
index 8d5a35b7b..3254edd52 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/clrmodule/clrmodule.csproj
+++ b/pythonnet/src/clrmodule/clrmodule.csproj
@@ -13,12 +13,13 @@
     <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
     <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
     <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <PythonBuildDir Condition=" '$(PythonBuildDir)' == '' ">$(SolutionDir)</PythonBuildDir>
     <RestorePackages>true</RestorePackages>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -39,8 +40,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>
-    </DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>
-    </DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE;DEBUG;DEBUG_PRINT</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE;DEBUG;DEBUG_PRINT</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -85,8 +84,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>
-    </DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -97,8 +95,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>
-    </DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -122,20 +119,9 @@
     <None Include="packages.config" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <PreBuildEvent>del "$(SolutionDir)clr.pyd"</PreBuildEvent>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <PostBuildEvent>move "$(TargetPath)" "$(TargetDir)clr.pyd"
-copy "$(TargetDir)clr.pyd" "$(SolutionDir)"</PostBuildEvent>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
-  <Import Project="../../packages/UnmanagedExports.1.2.3-Beta/tools/RGiesecke.DllExport.targets" Condition="Exists('../../packages/UnmanagedExports.1.2.3-Beta/tools/RGiesecke.DllExport.targets')" />
-  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
-       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
-  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
-  </Target>
-  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="'$(NoNuGet)' != 'true' And Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
+  <Import Project="..\..\packages\UnmanagedExports.1.2.3-Beta\tools\RGiesecke.DllExport.targets" Condition="Exists('..\..\packages\UnmanagedExports.1.2.3-Beta\tools\RGiesecke.DllExport.targets')"/>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild" DependsOnTargets="RGieseckeDllExport">
+	<Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetPath)" DestinationFiles="$(PythonBuildDir)\clr.pyd" />
   </Target>
-  -->
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/console/Console.csproj b/pythonnet/src/console/Console.csproj
index 7d9c30110..ddf4cbe4e 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/console/Console.csproj
+++ b/pythonnet/src/console/Console.csproj
@@ -17,20 +17,22 @@
     <ApplicationIcon>python-clear.ico</ApplicationIcon>
     <ProductVersion>10.0.0</ProductVersion>
     <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+  	<PythonBuildDir Condition=" '$(PythonBuildDir)' == '' ">$(SolutionDir)</PythonBuildDir>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <Optimize>False</Optimize>
     <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <Optimize>True</Optimize>
     <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <UseVSHostingProcess>false</UseVSHostingProcess>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'EmbeddingTest|AnyCPU' ">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\EmbeddingTest\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'UnitTests|AnyCPU' ">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\UnitTests\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\Debug\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>true</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\Release\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>True</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'EmbeddingTest|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\EmbeddingTest\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'UnitTests|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\UnitTests\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>false</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono_x86|AnyCPU'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\DebugMono_x86\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono_x86|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugMono_x86\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>true</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\Debug\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>true</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\Release\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>True</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'EmbeddingTest|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\EmbeddingTest\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>false</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'UnitTests|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\UnitTests\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>false</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono_x86|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugMono_x86\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>true</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
@@ -204,8 +206,7 @@
   <ProjectExtensions>
     <VisualStudio AllowExistingFolder="true" />
   </ProjectExtensions>
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <PostBuildEvent>copy "$(TargetPath)" "$(SolutionDir)"
-copy "$(TargetDir)*.pdb" "$(SolutionDir)"</PostBuildEvent>
-  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+	<Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetPath)" DestinationFolder="$(PythonBuildDir)" />
+  </Target>
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/embed_tests/Python.EmbeddingTest.csproj b/pythonnet/src/embed_tests/Python.EmbeddingTest.csproj
index 005d3daf2..acd7e2591 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/embed_tests/Python.EmbeddingTest.csproj
+++ b/pythonnet/src/embed_tests/Python.EmbeddingTest.csproj
@@ -32,12 +32,13 @@
     <ProductVersion>10.0.0</ProductVersion>
     <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
     <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <PythonBuildDir Condition=" '$(PythonBuildDir)' == '' ">$(SolutionDir)</PythonBuildDir>
     <RestorePackages>true</RestorePackages>
   </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU'">
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -78,11 +79,10 @@
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRules>true</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRules>
     <CodeAnalysisFailOnMissingRules>false</CodeAnalysisFailOnMissingRules>
   </PropertyGroup>
-  
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="Embeddingtest.nunit" />
-    <None Include="pythonnet.snk" />
+    <None Include="pythonnet.snk" Condition="Exists('pythonnet.snk')" />
     <None Include="packages.config" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -169,13 +169,11 @@
     </ProjectReference>
   </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSHARP.Targets" />
+  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="'$(NoNuGet)' != 'true' And Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
   <ProjectExtensions>
     <VisualStudio AllowExistingFolder="true" />
   </ProjectExtensions>
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <PostBuildEvent>copy "$(TargetPath)" "$(SolutionDir)"
-copy "$(TargetDir)*.pdb" "$(SolutionDir)"
-</PostBuildEvent>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+	<Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetPath)" DestinationFolder="$(PythonBuildDir)" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/monoclr/clrmod.c b/pythonnet/src/monoclr/clrmod.c
index 2d2db389c..8b809b28f 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/monoclr/clrmod.c
+++ b/pythonnet/src/monoclr/clrmod.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ initclr(void)
         PyModule_AddObject(m, "facade", Py_True);
         Py_INCREF(Py_True);
 
-        pn_args = PyNet_Init(0);
+        pn_args = PyNet_Init(1);
         if (pn_args->error) {
             return;
         }
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetclr.h b/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetclr.h
index 64c179092..c97db10cb 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetclr.h
+++ b/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetclr.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <mono/metadata/assembly.h>
 #include <glib.h>
 
-#define MONO_VERSION "v2.0.50727"
+#define MONO_VERSION "v4.0.30319.1"
 #define MONO_DOMAIN "Python.Runtime"
 #define PR_ASSEMBLY "Python.Runtime.dll"
 
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetinit.c b/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetinit.c
index 51e44dc52..70468d15f 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetinit.c
+++ b/pythonnet/src/monoclr/pynetinit.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ PyNet_Args* PyNet_Init(int ext) {
      * if you are planning on using the dllmaps defined on the
      * system configuration
      */
-    //mono_config_parse(NULL);
+    mono_config_parse(NULL);
 
     /* I can't use this call to run the main_thread_handler. The function
      * runs it in another thread but *this* thread holds the Python
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/runtime/Python.Runtime.csproj b/pythonnet/src/runtime/Python.Runtime.csproj
index ebc2472bd..d4132da2c 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/runtime/Python.Runtime.csproj
+++ b/pythonnet/src/runtime/Python.Runtime.csproj
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
     <NoStandardLibraries>false</NoStandardLibraries>
     <AssemblyName>Python.Runtime</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Python.Runtime</RootNamespace>
-    <RunPostBuildEvent>OnBuildSuccess</RunPostBuildEvent>
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+  	<PythonBuildDir Condition=" '$(PythonBuildDir)' == '' ">$(SolutionDir)</PythonBuildDir>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>PYTHON27, UCS4</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">PYTHON27, UCS4</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
@@ -20,9 +21,9 @@
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>false</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRuleSets>
     <CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRules>true</CodeAnalysisIgnoreBuiltInRules>
   </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="' $(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x64'">
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>PYTHON27, UCS4</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">PYTHON27, UCS4</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>PYTHON27, UCS2</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">PYTHON27, UCS2</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>PYTHON27, UCS2</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">PYTHON27, UCS2</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS4</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS4</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>false</Optimize>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS4</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS4</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>false</Optimize>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS2</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS2</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>false</Optimize>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS2</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">TRACE;DEBUG;PYTHON27,UCS2</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Optimize>false</Optimize>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
@@ -183,12 +184,7 @@
   <ProjectExtensions>
     <VisualStudio AllowExistingFolder="true" />
   </ProjectExtensions>
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <PostBuildEvent>call "$(ProjectDir)buildclrmodule.bat" $(Platform) "$(ProjectDir)" "$(TargetDir)clr.pyd"
-copy "$(TargetPath)" "$(SolutionDir)"
-copy "$(TargetDir)*.pdb" "$(SolutionDir)"
-copy "$(TargetDir)clr.pyd" "$(SolutionDir)"
-</PostBuildEvent>
-    <PreBuildEvent>del "$(TargetDir)clr.pyd"</PreBuildEvent>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+	<Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetPath)" DestinationFolder="$(PythonBuildDir)" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/runtime/runtime.cs b/pythonnet/src/runtime/runtime.cs
index 1218f2b7d..6c3bad528 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/runtime/runtime.cs
+++ b/pythonnet/src/runtime/runtime.cs
@@ -75,8 +75,10 @@ internal static void Initialize() {
 
         is32bit = IntPtr.Size == 4;
 
-        Runtime.Py_Initialize();
-        Runtime.PyEval_InitThreads();
+        if (0 == Runtime.Py_IsInitialized()) {
+            Runtime.Py_Initialize();
+            Runtime.PyEval_InitThreads();
+        }
 
         IntPtr dict = Runtime.PyImport_GetModuleDict();
         IntPtr op = Runtime.PyDict_GetItemString(dict, "__builtin__");
diff --git a/pythonnet/src/testing/Python.Test.csproj b/pythonnet/src/testing/Python.Test.csproj
index dc678095a..19846c26f 100644
--- a/pythonnet/src/testing/Python.Test.csproj
+++ b/pythonnet/src/testing/Python.Test.csproj
@@ -8,14 +8,16 @@
     <NoStandardLibraries>false</NoStandardLibraries>
     <AssemblyName>Python.Test</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Python.Test</RootNamespace>
-    <RunPostBuildEvent>OnBuildSuccess</RunPostBuildEvent>
+    <RunPostBuildEvent Condition=" '$(OS)' == 'Windows_NT'">OnBuildSuccess</RunPostBuildEvent>
     <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
     <TargetFrameworkProfile />
-  </PropertyGroup>  
+    <SolutionDir Condition="$(SolutionDir) == '' Or $(SolutionDir) == '*Undefined*'">..\..\</SolutionDir>
+    <PythonBuildDir Condition=" '$(PythonBuildDir)' == '' ">$(SolutionDir)</PythonBuildDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugMono|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseMono|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseMono\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'DebugWin|x64'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\DebugWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''">DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'ReleaseWin|x64'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x64\ReleaseWin\</OutputPath>
-    <DefineConstants></DefineConstants>
+    <DefineConstants Condition="'$(DefineConstants)' == ''"></DefineConstants>
     <Optimize>true</Optimize>
     <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
     <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
@@ -136,8 +138,9 @@
     <VisualStudio AllowExistingFolder="true" />
   </ProjectExtensions>
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <PostBuildEvent>copy "$(TargetPath)" "$(SolutionDir)"
-copy "$(TargetDir)*.pdb" "$(SolutionDir)"
-</PostBuildEvent>
+    <PythonBuildDir Condition=" '$(PythonBuildDir)' == '' ">$(SolutionDir)</PythonBuildDir>
   </PropertyGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+    <Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetPath)" DestinationFolder="$(PythonBuildDir)" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>