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Updated Threading, Operator, Audio, Pygame
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‎README.md

Lines changed: 15 additions & 15 deletions
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@@ -2104,7 +2104,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
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```
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* **Use `'kwargs=<dict>'` to pass keyword arguments to the function.**
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* **Use `'daemon=True'`, or the program will not be able to exit while the thread is alive.**
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* **To delay thread execution use `'Timer(<float>, <func>)'` instead of Thread().**
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* **To delay thread execution use `'Timer(seconds, <func>)'` instead of Thread().**
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### Lock
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```python
@@ -2137,16 +2137,16 @@ with <lock>: # Enters the block by calling acq
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### Thread Pool Executor
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```python
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<Exec> = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None) # Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as <name>: …`
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<Exec> = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None) # Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as <name>: ...`
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<iter> = <Exec>.map(<func>, <args_1>, ...) # Multithreaded and non-lazy map(). Keeps order.
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<Futr> = <Exec>.submit(<func>, <arg_1>, ...) # Creates a thread and returns its Future obj.
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<Exec>.shutdown(wait=True) # Blocks until all threads finish executing.
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<Exec>.shutdown() # Blocks until all threads finish executing.
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```
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```python
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<bool> = <Future>.done() # Checks if the thread has finished executing.
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<obj> = <Future>.result(timeout=None) # Waits for thread to finish and returns result.
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<bool> = <Future>.cancel() # Returns False if thread is already running.
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<bool> = <Future>.cancel() # Cancels or returns False if running/finished.
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<iter> = as_completed(<coll_of_Futures>) # Each Future is yielded as it completes.
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```
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* **Map() and as_completed() also accept 'timeout' argument that causes TimeoutError if result isn't available in 'timeout' seconds after next() is called.**
@@ -2159,13 +2159,13 @@ Operator
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**Module of functions that provide the functionality of operators. Functions are ordered by operator precedence, starting with least binding.**
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```python
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import operator as op
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<bool> = op.not_(<obj>) # or, and (both missing), not
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<bool> = op.eq/ne/lt/le/gt/ge/contains/is_(<obj>, <obj>) # ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=, in, is
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<obj> = op.or_/xor/and_(<int/set>, <int/set>) # |, ^, &
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<obj> = op.add/sub/mul/truediv/floordiv/mod(<obj>, <obj>) # +, -, *, /, //, %
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<num> = op.neg/invert(<num>) # -, ~
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<num> = op.pow(<num>, <num>) # **
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<func> = op.itemgetter/attrgetter/methodcaller(<obj> [, ...]) # [index/key], .name, .name()
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<bool> = op.not_(<obj>) # not (or/and bind even less)
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<bool> = op.eq/ne/lt/le/gt/ge/contains/is_(<obj>, <obj>) # ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=, in, is
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<obj> = op.or_/xor/and_(<int/set>, <int/set>) # |, ^, &
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<obj> = op.add/sub/mul/truediv/floordiv/mod(<obj>, <obj>) # +, -, *, /, //, %
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<num> = op.neg/invert(<num>) # -, ~
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<num> = op.pow(<num>, <num>) # **
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<func> = op.itemgetter/attrgetter/methodcaller(<obj> [, ...]) # [index/key], .name, .name()
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```
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```python
@@ -2920,22 +2920,22 @@ samples_f = (sin(i * 2 * pi * 440 / 44100) for i in range(100_000))
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write_to_wav_file('test.wav', samples_f)
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```
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#### Adds noise to a mono WAV file:
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#### Adds noise to the mono WAV file:
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```python
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from random import random
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add_noise = lambda value: value + (random() - 0.5) * 0.03
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samples_f = (add_noise(f) for f in read_wav_file('test.wav'))
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write_to_wav_file('test.wav', samples_f)
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```
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#### Plays a WAV file:
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#### Plays the WAV file:
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```python
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# $ pip3 install simpleaudio
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from simpleaudio import play_buffer
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with wave.open('test.wav', 'rb') as file:
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p = file.getparams()
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frames = file.readframes(-1)
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play_buffer(frames, p.nchannels, p.sampwidth, p.framerate)
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play_buffer(frames, p.nchannels, p.sampwidth, p.framerate).wait_done()
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```
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### Text to Speech
@@ -3043,7 +3043,7 @@ rect(<Surf>, color, <Rect>, width=0) # Also polygon(<Surf>, color, po
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### Sound
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```python
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<Sound> = pg.mixer.Sound(<path/file/bytes>) # Loads WAV file or array of signed shorts.
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<Sound> = pg.mixer.Sound(<path/file/bytes>) # WAV file or bytes/array of signed shorts.
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<Sound>.play/stop() # Also <Sound>.set_volume(<float>).
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```
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‎index.html

Lines changed: 17 additions & 17 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
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<body>
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<header>
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<aside>September 5, 2023</aside>
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<aside>September 7, 2023</aside>
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<a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>
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</header>
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@@ -1741,7 +1741,7 @@ <h3 id="format-2">Format</h3><div><h4 id="forstandardtypesizesandmanualalignment
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'kwargs=&lt;dict&gt;'</span></code> to pass keyword arguments to the function.</strong></li>
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<li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'daemon=True'</span></code>, or the program will not be able to exit while the thread is alive.</strong></li>
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<li><strong>To delay thread execution use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'Timer(&lt;float&gt;, &lt;func&gt;)'</span></code> instead of Thread().</strong></li>
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<li><strong>To delay thread execution use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'Timer(seconds, &lt;func&gt;)'</span></code> instead of Thread().</strong></li>
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</ul>
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<div><h3 id="lock">Lock</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;lock&gt; = RLock() <span class="hljs-comment"># Lock that can only be released by acquirer.</span>
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&lt;lock&gt;.acquire() <span class="hljs-comment"># Waits for the lock to be available.</span>
@@ -1764,15 +1764,15 @@ <h3 id="format-2">Format</h3><div><h4 id="forstandardtypesizesandmanualalignment
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&lt;el&gt; = &lt;Queue&gt;.get_nowait() <span class="hljs-comment"># Raises queue.Empty exception if empty.</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<div><h3 id="threadpoolexecutor">Thread Pool Executor</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Exec&gt; = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as &lt;name&gt;: …`</span>
1767+
<div><h3 id="threadpoolexecutor">Thread Pool Executor</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Exec&gt; = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as &lt;name&gt;: ...`</span>
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&lt;iter&gt; = &lt;Exec&gt;.map(&lt;func&gt;, &lt;args_1&gt;, ...) <span class="hljs-comment"># Multithreaded and non-lazy map(). Keeps order.</span>
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&lt;Futr&gt; = &lt;Exec&gt;.submit(&lt;func&gt;, &lt;arg_1&gt;, ...) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates a thread and returns its Future obj.</span>
1770-
&lt;Exec&gt;.shutdown(wait=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Blocks until all threads finish executing.</span>
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&lt;Exec&gt;.shutdown() <span class="hljs-comment"># Blocks until all threads finish executing.</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;bool&gt; = &lt;Future&gt;.done() <span class="hljs-comment"># Checks if the thread has finished executing.</span>
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&lt;obj&gt; = &lt;Future&gt;.result(timeout=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Waits for thread to finish and returns result.</span>
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&lt;bool&gt; = &lt;Future&gt;.cancel() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns False if thread is already running.</span>
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&lt;bool&gt; = &lt;Future&gt;.cancel() <span class="hljs-comment"># Cancels or returns False if running/finished.</span>
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&lt;iter&gt; = as_completed(&lt;coll_of_Futures&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Each Future is yielded as it completes.</span>
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</code></pre>
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<ul>
@@ -1781,13 +1781,13 @@ <h3 id="format-2">Format</h3><div><h4 id="forstandardtypesizesandmanualalignment
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<li><strong>ProcessPoolExecutor provides true parallelism, but everything sent to/from workers must be <a href="#pickle">pickable</a>. Queues must be sent using executor's 'initargs' and 'initializer' parameters.</strong></li>
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</ul>
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<div><h2 id="operator"><a href="#operator" name="operator">#</a>Operator</h2><p><strong>Module of functions that provide the functionality of operators. Functions are ordered by operator precedence, starting with least binding.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> operator <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> op
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&lt;bool&gt; = op.not_(&lt;obj&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># or, and (both missing), not</span>
1785-
&lt;bool&gt; = op.eq/ne/lt/le/gt/ge/contains/is_(&lt;obj&gt;, &lt;obj&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># ==, !=, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, in, is</span>
1786-
&lt;obj&gt; = op.or_/xor/and_(&lt;int/set&gt;, &lt;int/set&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># |, ^, &amp;</span>
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&lt;obj&gt; = op.add/sub/mul/truediv/floordiv/mod(&lt;obj&gt;, &lt;obj&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># +, -, *, /, //, %</span>
1788-
&lt;num&gt; = op.neg/invert(&lt;num&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># -, ~</span>
1789-
&lt;num&gt; = op.pow(&lt;num&gt;, &lt;num&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># **</span>
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&lt;func&gt; = op.itemgetter/attrgetter/methodcaller(&lt;obj&gt; [, ...]) <span class="hljs-comment"># [index/key], .name, .name()</span>
1784+
&lt;bool&gt; = op.not_(&lt;obj&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># not (or/and bind even less)</span>
1785+
&lt;bool&gt; = op.eq/ne/lt/le/gt/ge/contains/is_(&lt;obj&gt;, &lt;obj&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># ==, !=, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, in, is</span>
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&lt;obj&gt; = op.or_/xor/and_(&lt;int/set&gt;, &lt;int/set&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># |, ^, &amp;</span>
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&lt;obj&gt; = op.add/sub/mul/truediv/floordiv/mod(&lt;obj&gt;, &lt;obj&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># +, -, *, /, //, %</span>
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&lt;num&gt; = op.neg/invert(&lt;num&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># -, ~</span>
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&lt;num&gt; = op.pow(&lt;num&gt;, &lt;num&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># **</span>
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&lt;func&gt; = op.itemgetter/attrgetter/methodcaller(&lt;obj&gt; [, ...]) <span class="hljs-comment"># [index/key], .name, .name()</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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@@ -2389,18 +2389,18 @@ <h3 id="format-2">Format</h3><div><h4 id="forstandardtypesizesandmanualalignment
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<div><h4 id="addsnoisetoamonowavfile">Adds noise to a mono WAV file:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> random <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> random
2392+
<div><h4 id="addsnoisetothemonowavfile">Adds noise to the mono WAV file:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> random <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> random
23932393
add_noise = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> value: value + (random() - <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>) * <span class="hljs-number">0.03</span>
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samples_f = (add_noise(f) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> f <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> read_wav_file(<span class="hljs-string">'test.wav'</span>))
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write_to_wav_file(<span class="hljs-string">'test.wav'</span>, samples_f)
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</code></pre></div>
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<div><h4 id="playsawavfile">Plays a WAV file:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install simpleaudio</span>
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<div><h4 id="playsthewavfile">Plays the WAV file:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install simpleaudio</span>
23992399
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> simpleaudio <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> play_buffer
24002400
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> wave.open(<span class="hljs-string">'test.wav'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
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p = file.getparams()
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frames = file.readframes(<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)
2403-
play_buffer(frames, p.nchannels, p.sampwidth, p.framerate)
2403+
play_buffer(frames, p.nchannels, p.sampwidth, p.framerate).wait_done()
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</code></pre></div>
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<div><h3 id="texttospeech">Text to Speech</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pyttsx3</span>
@@ -2482,7 +2482,7 @@ <h3 id="format-2">Format</h3><div><h4 id="forstandardtypesizesandmanualalignment
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&lt;Surf&gt; = &lt;Font&gt;.render(text, antialias, color) <span class="hljs-comment"># Background color can be specified at the end.</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<div><h3 id="sound">Sound</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Sound&gt; = pg.mixer.Sound(&lt;path/file/bytes&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Loads WAV file or array of signed shorts.</span>
2485+
<div><h3 id="sound">Sound</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Sound&gt; = pg.mixer.Sound(&lt;path/file/bytes&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># WAV file or bytes/array of signed shorts.</span>
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&lt;Sound&gt;.play/stop() <span class="hljs-comment"># Also &lt;Sound&gt;.set_volume(&lt;float&gt;).</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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@@ -2928,7 +2928,7 @@ <h3 id="format-2">Format</h3><div><h4 id="forstandardtypesizesandmanualalignment
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<footer>
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<aside>September 5, 2023</aside>
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<aside>September 7, 2023</aside>
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<a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>
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</footer>
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