Getting Results from your Handler

When a message is handled, the :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Messenger\\Middleware\\HandleMessageMiddleware` adds a :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Messenger\\Stamp\\HandledStamp` for each object that handled the message. You can use this to get the value returned by the handler(s):

use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Stamp\HandledStamp;

$envelope = $messageBus->dispatch(new SomeMessage());

// get the value that was returned by the last message handler
$handledStamp = $envelope->last(HandledStamp::class);
$handledStamp->getResult();

// or get info about all of handlers
$handledStamps = $envelope->all(HandledStamp::class);

Working with Command & Query Buses

The Messenger component can be used in CQRS architectures where command & query buses are central pieces of the application. Read Martin Fowler's article about CQRS to learn more and :doc:`how to configure multiple buses </messenger/multiple_buses>`.

As queries are usually synchronous and expected to be handled once, getting the result from the handler is a common need.

A :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Messenger\\HandleTrait` exists to get the result of the handler when processing synchronously. It also ensures that exactly one handler is registered. The HandleTrait can be used in any class that has a $messageBus property:

// src/Action/ListItems.php
namespace App\Action;

use App\Message\ListItemsQuery;
use App\MessageHandler\ListItemsQueryResult;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\HandleTrait;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;

class ListItems
{
    use HandleTrait;

    public function __construct(MessageBusInterface $messageBus)
    {
        $this->messageBus = $messageBus;
    }

    public function __invoke()
    {
        $result = $this->query(new ListItemsQuery(/* ... */));

        // Do something with the result
        // ...
    }

    // Creating such a method is optional, but allows type-hinting the result
    private function query(ListItemsQuery $query): ListItemsQueryResult
    {
        return $this->handle($query);
    }
}

Hence, you can use the trait to create command & query bus classes. For example, you could create a special QueryBus class and inject it wherever you need a query bus behavior instead of the MessageBusInterface:

// src/MessageBus/QueryBus.php
namespace App\MessageBus;

use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\HandleTrait;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;

class QueryBus
{
    use HandleTrait;

    public function __construct(MessageBusInterface $messageBus)
    {
        $this->messageBus = $messageBus;
    }

    /**
     * @param object|Envelope $query
     *
     * @return mixed The handler returned value
     */
    public function query($query)
    {
        return $this->handle($query);
    }
}