diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 697d82b45d5b..1d0cd5a24a14 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-extends-type-param > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+> 1 | class C extends D<> {}
+    |                  ^^ Type argument list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 5797ee061aed..773b51b14128 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-extends-type-param > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/fixture.ts b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/fixture.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..14098aa86e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/fixture.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+class C< /* empty */ > {}
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/1-Babel-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/1-Babel-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a14c3c54cac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/1-Babel-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures declaration ClassDeclaration _error_ missing-type-param Babel - Error 1`] = `[SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty. (1:7)]`;
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25404a5d9562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param-with-comment > TSESTree - Error`]
+TSError
+> 1 | class C< /* empty */ > {}
+    |        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/2-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/2-Alignment-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..49567ea7a7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/2-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures declaration ClassDeclaration _error_ missing-type-param Error Alignment 1`] = `"Babel errored but TSESTree didn't"`;
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/2-Babel-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/2-Babel-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d50c7992d392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/2-Babel-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param-with-comment > Babel - Error`]
+BabelError
+> 1 | class C< /* empty */ > {}
+    |        ^ Type parameter list cannot be empty. (1:7)
+  2 |
+  
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0d5857532795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param-with-comment/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param-with-comment > Error Alignment`]
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 656005eda876..241ee319116c 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+> 1 | class C<> {}
+    |        ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 1a694a67920e..9d29521b804d 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > ClassDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index febea1b1603a..0e4268f529cf 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > FunctionDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+> 1 | function foo<>() {}
+    |             ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 190ac10d0bdd..046a008ac8ee 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > FunctionDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 86e87930550c..1ce9f3a6510a 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > TSDeclareFunction > _error_ > missing-type-param > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+> 1 | declare function foo<>(): void;
+    |                     ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 2bda9d5029bb..19cdf1fa465f 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > TSDeclareFunction > _error_ > missing-type-param > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 894a7a320645..906a02b805dc 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > TSInterfaceDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+> 1 | interface F<> {}
+    |            ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 79866f6f1284..59f909d1ef4f 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > TSInterfaceDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-param > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index aa1e2269c016..c09a3a767483 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > TSTypeAliasDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-parameter > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+> 1 | type T<> = 1;
+    |       ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  2 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index a4210c2854d7..513e0d5efdee 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > declaration > TSTypeAliasDeclaration > _error_ > missing-type-parameter > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/fixture.ts b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/fixture.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b6ae87f6359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/fixture.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+
+foo< /* empty */ >();
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/1-Babel-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/1-Babel-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4992c1bda8ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/1-Babel-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures legacy-fixtures errorRecovery _error_ empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression Babel - Error 1`] = `[SyntaxError: Unexpected token (3:4)]`;
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..33b566c2ad26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment > TSESTree - Error`]
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | foo< /* empty */ >();
+    |    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Type argument list cannot be empty.
+  4 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/2-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/2-Alignment-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7ddaf4d3507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/2-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures legacy-fixtures errorRecovery _error_ empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression Error Alignment 1`] = `"Babel errored but TSESTree didn't"`;
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/2-Babel-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/2-Babel-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8ea146fad19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/2-Babel-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment > Babel - Error`]
+BabelError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | foo< /* empty */ >();
+    |                  ^ Unexpected token (3:17)
+  4 |
+  
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6e7b21bf1776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression-with-comment > Error Alignment`]
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index fa76bcceec4c..2bc9a5f6b7c7 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | foo<>();
+    |    ^^ Type argument list cannot be empty.
+  4 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 6cd8bffbdf9b..e42614b0c09e 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 04397c1ad1f6..398387294483 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | new Foo<>()
+    |        ^^ Type argument list cannot be empty.
+  4 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index d2b55f055473..704d3be4ffe4 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index e49d52208b33..ca475faf4bcb 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | const foo: Foo<>
+    |               ^^ Type argument list cannot be empty.
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 85b0b7246e10..7e8871022446 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-arguments > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index f77a6fda39cf..4f12d12b51de 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | function f1<>() {}
+    |            ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  4 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index ff94d062b9d7..84a2d786eff3 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 2546fb018409..b9c00c6592d0 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-constructor > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  2 |
+  3 | class foo {
+> 4 |   constructor<>() {}
+    |              ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  5 | }
+  6 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 958c1dec19b5..99acc7c21d77 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-constructor > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 40cee72976cb..fa912f209747 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | const foo = function<>() {}
+    |                     ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  4 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index defbf77fcf62..1b64cd4e9668 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 3f66104ff937..bcc1d1c1ea7d 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  2 |
+  3 | interface foo {
+> 4 |   test<>();
+    |       ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  5 | }
+  6 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 78a1922357aa..42b81315e508 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index 6cdb099d73e4..ceec3f99b420 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-method > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  2 |
+  3 | class foo {
+> 4 |   test<>() {}
+    |       ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  5 | }
+  6 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 5c8dfc4b3d35..d6d8837d6520 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters-in-method > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
index c1b25cba23a7..5bf4050773dc 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/1-TSESTree-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters > TSESTree - Error`]
-NO ERROR
+TSError
+  1 | // TODO: This fixture might be too large, and if so should be split up.
+  2 |
+> 3 | function f1<>() {}
+    |            ^^ Type parameter list cannot be empty.
+  4 |
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
index 4fd1ec55af88..a525062b1e95 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/snapshots/3-Alignment-Error.shot
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`AST Fixtures > legacy-fixtures > errorRecovery > _error_ > empty-type-parameters > Error Alignment`]
-Babel errored but TSESTree didn't
+Both errored
diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/tests/fixtures-with-differences-errors.shot b/packages/ast-spec/tests/fixtures-with-differences-errors.shot
index 04b14e7a3730..303daa8ed915 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/tests/fixtures-with-differences-errors.shot
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/tests/fixtures-with-differences-errors.shot
@@ -4,15 +4,9 @@ exports[`AST Fixtures > List fixtures with Error differences`]
 {
   "Babel errored but TSESTree didn't": [
     "declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/implements-non-identifier/fixture.ts",
-    "declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends-type-param/fixture.ts",
-    "declaration/ClassDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/fixture.ts",
     "declaration/ExportNamedDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/assertion/fixture.ts",
-    "declaration/FunctionDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/fixture.ts",
-    "declaration/TSDeclareFunction/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/fixture.ts",
     "declaration/TSImportEqualsDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/import-kind/fixture.ts",
     "declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-extends/fixture.ts",
-    "declaration/TSInterfaceDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-param/fixture.ts",
-    "declaration/TSTypeAliasDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/missing-type-parameter/fixture.ts",
     "declaration/VariableDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/const-destructure-no-init/fixture.ts",
     "declaration/VariableDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/const-destructure-type-no-init/fixture.ts",
     "declaration/VariableDeclaration/fixtures/_error_/const-id-no-init/fixture.ts",
@@ -30,15 +24,6 @@ exports[`AST Fixtures > List fixtures with Error differences`]
     "legacy-fixtures/basics/fixtures/_error_/export-with-import-assertions/fixture.ts",
     "legacy-fixtures/basics/fixtures/_error_/import-type-error/fixture.ts",
     "legacy-fixtures/basics/fixtures/_error_/new-target-in-arrow-function-body/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-call-expression/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments-in-new-expression/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-arguments/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-arrow-function/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-constructor/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-function-expression/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method-signature/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters-in-method/fixture.ts",
-    "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/empty-type-parameters/fixture.ts",
     "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/index-signature-parameters/fixture.ts",
     "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/interface-empty-extends/fixture.ts",
     "legacy-fixtures/errorRecovery/fixtures/_error_/interface-with-optional-index-signature/fixture.ts",
diff --git a/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/array-type.ts b/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/array-type.ts
index 2375138d17fc..f53b61ce5bbe 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/array-type.ts
+++ b/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/array-type.ts
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ export default createRule<Options, MessageIds>({
               ? 'errorStringArraySimpleReadonly'
               : 'errorStringArraySimple';
 
-        if (!typeParams || typeParams.length === 0) {
+        if (!typeParams) {
           // Create an 'any' array
           context.report({
             node,
diff --git a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/array-type.test.ts b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/array-type.test.ts
index 0293bb97763b..65714e2928ea 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/array-type.test.ts
+++ b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/array-type.test.ts
@@ -1648,19 +1648,6 @@ function fooFunction(foo: ArrayClass<string>[]) {
       options: [{ default: 'array' }],
       output: 'let x: any[];',
     },
-    {
-      code: 'let x: Array<>;',
-      errors: [
-        {
-          column: 8,
-          data: { className: 'Array', readonlyPrefix: '', type: 'any' },
-          line: 1,
-          messageId: 'errorStringArray',
-        },
-      ],
-      options: [{ default: 'array' }],
-      output: 'let x: any[];',
-    },
     {
       code: 'let x: Array;',
       errors: [
@@ -1674,18 +1661,6 @@ function fooFunction(foo: ArrayClass<string>[]) {
       options: [{ default: 'array-simple' }],
       output: 'let x: any[];',
     },
-    {
-      code: 'let x: Array<>;',
-      errors: [
-        {
-          column: 8,
-          line: 1,
-          messageId: 'errorStringArraySimple',
-        },
-      ],
-      options: [{ default: 'array-simple' }],
-      output: 'let x: any[];',
-    },
     {
       code: 'let x: Array<number> = [1] as number[];',
       errors: [
@@ -2125,7 +2100,6 @@ type BrokenArray = {
       'let yy: number[][] = [[4, 5], [6]];',
       'let yy: Array<Array<number>> = [[4, 5], [6]];',
     );
-    testOutput('array', 'let a: Array<>[] = [];', 'let a: any[][] = [];');
     testOutput('array', 'let a: Array<any[]> = [];', 'let a: any[][] = [];');
     testOutput(
       'array',
@@ -2133,11 +2107,6 @@ type BrokenArray = {
       'let a: any[][][] = [];',
     );
 
-    testOutput(
-      'generic',
-      'let a: Array<>[] = [];',
-      'let a: Array<Array<>> = [];',
-    );
     testOutput(
       'generic',
       'let a: Array<any[]> = [];',
diff --git a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/method-signature-style.test.ts b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/method-signature-style.test.ts
index 2e60818a6064..9a7ab2b345c2 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/method-signature-style.test.ts
+++ b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/method-signature-style.test.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ interface Test {
     `,
     `
 interface Test {
-  'f!': </* a */>(/* b */ x: any /* c */) => void;
+  'f!': </* a */ T>(/* b */ x: any /* c */) => void;
 }
     `,
     `
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ interface Test {
     {
       code: `
         interface Test {
-          'f!'</* a */>(/* b */ x: any /* c */): void;
+          'f!'</* a */ T>(/* b */ x: any /* c */): void;
         }
       `,
       options: ['method'],
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ interface Test {
     {
       code: `
         interface Test {
-          'f!'</* a */>(/* b */ x: any /* c */): void;
+          'f!'</* a */ T>(/* b */ x: any /* c */): void;
         }
       `,
       errors: [{ messageId: 'errorMethod' }],
       output: `
         interface Test {
-          'f!': </* a */>(/* b */ x: any /* c */) => void;
+          'f!': </* a */ T>(/* b */ x: any /* c */) => void;
         }
       `,
     },
@@ -295,14 +295,14 @@ interface Test {
     {
       code: `
         interface Test {
-          'f!': </* a */>(/* b */ x: any /* c */) => void;
+          'f!': </* a */ T>(/* b */ x: any /* c */) => void;
         }
       `,
       errors: [{ messageId: 'errorProperty' }],
       options: ['method'],
       output: `
         interface Test {
-          'f!'</* a */>(/* b */ x: any /* c */): void;
+          'f!'</* a */ T>(/* b */ x: any /* c */): void;
         }
       `,
     },
diff --git a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/no-unnecessary-type-arguments.test.ts b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/no-unnecessary-type-arguments.test.ts
index 18e74325d7b6..9c2ab4fe84e8 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/no-unnecessary-type-arguments.test.ts
+++ b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/no-unnecessary-type-arguments.test.ts
@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@ const ruleTester = new RuleTester({
 
 ruleTester.run('no-unnecessary-type-arguments', rule, {
   valid: [
-    'f<>();',
+    'f();',
     'f<string>();',
-    'expect().toBe<>();',
-    'class Foo extends Bar<> {}',
+    'class Foo extends Bar {}',
     'class Foo extends Bar<string> {}',
-    'class Foo implements Bar<> {}',
+    'class Foo implements Bar {}',
     'class Foo implements Bar<string> {}',
     `
 function f<T = number>() {}
diff --git a/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts b/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts
index 150c0ee950ea..0ffc735c3a14 100644
--- a/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts
+++ b/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts
@@ -401,10 +401,12 @@ export class Converter {
     }
   }
 
-  #throwError(node: number | ts.Node, message: string): asserts node is never {
+  #throwError(node: number | ts.Node | TSESTree.Range, message: string): never {
     let start;
     let end;
-    if (typeof node === 'number') {
+    if (Array.isArray(node)) {
+      [start, end] = node;
+    } else if (typeof node === 'number') {
       start = end = node;
     } else {
       start = node.getStart(this.ast);
@@ -415,7 +417,7 @@ export class Converter {
   }
 
   #throwUnlessAllowInvalidAST(
-    node: number | ts.Node,
+    node: number | ts.Node | TSESTree.Range,
     message: string,
   ): asserts node is never {
     if (!this.options.allowInvalidAST) {
@@ -691,10 +693,15 @@ export class Converter {
     node: TSESTreeToTSNode<TSESTree.TSTypeParameterInstantiation>,
   ): TSESTree.TSTypeParameterInstantiation {
     const greaterThanToken = findNextToken(typeArguments, this.ast, this.ast)!;
+    const range: TSESTree.Range = [typeArguments.pos - 1, greaterThanToken.end];
+
+    if (typeArguments.length === 0) {
+      this.#throwError(range, 'Type argument list cannot be empty.');
+    }
 
     return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeParameterInstantiation>(node, {
       type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeParameterInstantiation,
-      range: [typeArguments.pos - 1, greaterThanToken.end],
+      range,
       params: typeArguments.map(typeArgument =>
         this.convertChild(typeArgument),
       ),
@@ -715,6 +722,10 @@ export class Converter {
       greaterThanToken.end,
     ];
 
+    if (typeParameters.length === 0) {
+      this.#throwError(range, 'Type parameter list cannot be empty.');
+    }
+
     return {
       type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeParameterDeclaration,
       loc: getLocFor(range, this.ast),