from functools import reduce

<iter> = map(lambda x: x + 1, range(10)) # (1, 2, ..., 10)

<iter> = filter(lambda x: x > 5, range(10)) # (6, 7, 8, 9)

<obj> = reduce(lambda out, x: out + x, range(10)) # 45

from copy import copy, deepcopy

<object> = copy(<object>)

<object> = deepcopy(<object>)

from struct import pack, unpack, iter_unpack

<bytes> = pack('<format>', <num_1> [, <num_2>, ...])

<tuple> = unpack('<format>', <bytes>)

<tuples> = iter_unpack('<format>', <bytes>)

<div><h3 id="mapfilterreduce">Map, Filter, Reduce</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> functools <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> reduce

&lt;iter&gt; = map(<span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> x: x + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment"># (1, 2, ..., 10)</span>

&lt;iter&gt; = filter(<span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> x: x &gt; <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment"># (6, 7, 8, 9)</span>

&lt;obj&gt; = reduce(<span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> out, x: out + x, range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment"># 45</span>

<div><h3 id="copy">Copy</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> copy <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> copy, deepcopy

&lt;object&gt; = copy(&lt;object&gt;)

&lt;object&gt; = deepcopy(&lt;object&gt;)

<li><strong>Module that performs conversions between a sequence of numbers and a bytes object.</strong></li>

<li><strong>Machine’s native type sizes and byte order are used by default.</strong></li>

</ul><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> struct <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pack, unpack, iter_unpack

&lt;bytes&gt; = pack(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;format&gt;'</span>, &lt;num_1&gt; [, &lt;num_2&gt;, ...])

&lt;tuple&gt; = unpack(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;format&gt;'</span>, &lt;bytes&gt;)

&lt;tuples&gt; = iter_unpack(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;format&gt;'</span>, &lt;bytes&gt;)