7.

1
SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS circular motion;;
CHAPTER 7
1. Distance between Earth & Moon
r = 3.85 10
5
km = 3.85 10
8
m
T = 27.3 days = 24 3600 (27.3) sec = 2.36 10
6
sec
v =
T
r 2t
=
6
8
10 36 . 2
10 85 . 3 14 . 3 2

= 1025.42m/sec
a =
r
v
2
=
8
2
10 85 . 3
) 42 . 1025 (

= 0.00273m/sec
2
= 2.73 10
3
m/sec
2
2. Diameter of earth = 12800km
Radius R = 6400km = 64 10
5
m
V =
T
R 2t
=
3600 24
10 64 14 . 3 2
5

m/sec = 465.185
a =
R
V
2
=
5
2
10 64
) 5185 . 46 (

= 0.0338m/sec
2
3. V = 2t, r = 1cm
a) Radial acceleration at t = 1 sec.
a =
r
v
2
=
1
2
2
= 4cm/sec
2
b) Tangential acceleration at t = 1sec.
a =
dt
dv
= ) t 2 (
dt
d
= 2cm/sec
2
c) Magnitude of acceleration at t = 1sec
a =
2 2
2 4 + = 20 cm/sec
2
4. Given that m = 150kg,
v= 36km/hr = 10m/sec, r = 30m
Horizontal force needed is
r
mv
2
=
30
) 10 ( 150
2

=
30
100 150
= 500N
5. in the diagram
R cos u = mg ..(i)
R sin u =
r
mv
2
..(ii)
Dividing equation (i) with equation (ii)
Tan u =
rmg
mv
2
=
rg
v
2
v = 36km/hr = 10m/sec, r = 30m
Tan u =
rg
v
2
=
10 30
100

= (1/3)
u = tan
1
(1/3)
6. Radius of Park = r = 10m
speed of vehicle = 18km/hr = 5 m/sec
Angle of banking tanu =
rg
v
2
u = tan
1
rg
v
2
= tan
1
100
25
= tan
1
(1/4)
R
mv
2
/R
mg
Chapter 7
7.2
7. The road is horizontal (no banking)
R
mv
2
= N
and N = mg
So
R
mv
2
= mg v = 5m/sec, R = 10m

10
25
= g =
100
25
= 0.25
8. Angle of banking = u = 30
Radius = r = 50m
tan u =
rg
v
2
tan 30 =
rg
v
2

3
1
=
rg
v
2
v
2
=
3
rg
=
3
10 50
v =
3
500
= 17m/sec.
9. Electron revolves around the proton in a circle having proton at the centre.
Centripetal force is provided by coulomb attraction.
r = 5.3 t 10
11
m m = mass of electron = 9.1 10
3
kg.
charge of electron = 1.6 10
19
c.
r
mv
2
=
2
2
r
q
k v
2
=
rm
kq
2
=
31 11
38 9
10 1 . 9 10 3 . 5
10 6 . 1 6 . 1 10 9

=
13
10
23 . 48
04 . 23

v
2
= 0.477 10
13
= 4.7 10
12
v =
12
10 7 . 4 = 2.2 10
6
m/sec
10. At the highest point of a vertical circle
R
mv
2
= mg
v
2
= Rg v = Rg
11. A celling fan has a diameter = 120cm.
Radius = r = 60cm = 0/6m
Mass of particle on the outer end of a blade is 1g.
n = 1500 rev/min = 25 rev/sec
e = 2 t n = 2 t 25 = 157.14
Force of the particle on the blade = Mre
2
= (0.001) 0.6 (157.14) = 14.8N
The fan runs at a full speed in circular path. This exerts the force on the particle (inertia). The particle
also exerts a force of 14.8N on the blade along its surface.
12. A mosquito is sitting on an L.P. record disc & rotating on a turn table at
3
1
33 rpm.
n =
3
1
33 rpm =
60 3
100

rps
e = 2 t n = 2 t
180
100
=
9
10t
rad/sec
r = 10cm =0.1m, g = 10m/sec
2
mg > mre
2
=
g
r
2
e
>
10
9
10
1 . 0
2
|
.
|

\
| t

>
81
2
t

R
mg
g mv
2
/R
Chapter 7
7.3
13. A pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a car taking a turn
r = 10m, v = 36km/hr = 10 m/sec, g = 10m/sec
2
From the figure T sin u =
r
mv
2
..(i)
T cos u = mg ..(ii)

u
u
cos
sin
=
rmg
mv
2
tan u =
rg
v
2
u = tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
rg
v
2
= tan
1
10 10
100

= tan
1
(1) u = 45
14. At the lowest pt.
T = mg +
r
mv
2
Here m = 100g = 1/10 kg, r = 1m, v = 1.4 m/sec
T = mg +
r
mv
2
=
10
) 4 . 1 (
8 . 9
10
1
2
= 0.98 + 0.196 = 1.176 = 1.2 N
15. Bob has a velocity 1.4m/sec, when the string makes an angle of 0.2 radian.
m = 100g = 0.1kg, r = 1m, v = 1.4m/sec.
From the diagram,
T mg cos u =
R
mv
2
T =
R
mv
2
+ mg cos u
T =
|
|
.
|

\
|
u
+

2
1 8 . 9 ) 1 . 0 (
1
) 4 . 1 ( 1 . 0
2 2
T = 0.196 + 9.8
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
) 2 (.
1
2
( cos u =
2
1
2
u
for small u)
T = 0.196 + (0.98) (0.98) = 0.196 + 0.964 = 1.156N ~ 1.16 N
16. At the extreme position, velocity of the pendulum is zero.
So there is no centrifugal force.
So T = mg cos u
o

17. a) Net force on the spring balance.
R = mg me
2
r
So, fraction less than the true weight (3mg) is
=
mg
) r m mg ( mg
2
e
=
g
2
e
=
10
10 6400
3600 24
2
3
2

|
.
|

\
|

t
= 3.5 10
3
b) When the balance reading is half the true weight,
mg
) r m mg ( mg
2
e
= 1/2
e
2
r = g/2 e =
r 2
g
=
3
10 6400 2
10

rad/sec
Duration of the day is
T =
e
t 2
=
8 . 9
10 6400 2
2
3

t sec =
49
10 64
2
6

t sec =
3600 7
8000 2

t
hr = 2hr
mv
2
/R
mg
u
mg
mv
2
/r
T
mg sin u
mg cos u
T
mg sin u
mg cos
u
T
me
2
/R
mg
R
Chapter 7
7.4
18. Given, v = 36km/hr = 10m/s, r = 20m, = 0.4
The road is banked with an angle,
u = tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
rg
v
2
= tan
1
|
.
|

\
|
10 20
100
= tan
1 |
.
|

\
|
2
1
or tan u = 0.5
When the car travels at max. speed so that it slips upward, R
1
acts downward as shown in Fig.1
So, R
1
mg cos u
r
mv
2
1
sin u = 0 ..(i)
And R
1
+ mg sin u
r
mv
2
1
cos u = 0 ..(ii)
Solving the equation we get,
V
1
=
u +
u
tan 1
tan
rg =
2 . 1
1 . 0
10 20 = 4.082 m/s = 14.7 km/hr
So, the possible speeds are between 14.7 km/hr and 54km/hr.
19. R = radius of the bridge
L = total length of the over bridge
a) At the highest pt.
mg =
R
mv
2
v
2
= Rg v = Rg
b) Given, v = Rg
2
1
suppose it loses contact at B. So, at B, mg cos u =
R
mv
2
v
2
= Rg cos u

2
2
Rv
|
|
.
|

\
|
= Rg cos u
2
Rg
= Rg cos u cos u = 1/2 u = 60 = t/3
u =
r

= ru =
3
R t
So, it will lose contact at distance
3
R t
from highest point
c) Let the uniform speed on the bridge be v.
The chances of losing contact is maximum at the end of the bridge for which o =
R 2
L
.
So,
R
mv
2
= mg cos o v = |
.
|

\
|
R 2
L
cos gR

20. Since the motion is nonuniform, the acceleration has both radial & tangential
component
a
r
=
r
v
2
a
t
=
dt
dv
=a
Resultant magnitude =
2
2
2
a
r
v
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
Now N = m
2
2
2
a
r
v
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
mg = m
2
2
2
a
r
v
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
g
2
=
2
4
a
2 r
v
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
v
4
= (
2
g
2
a
2
) r
2
v = [(
2
g
2
a
2
) r
2
]
1/4
u
R1
u
mv
1
2
/r
mg
R1
u
mv
2
2
/r
R2
u
mg
R2
u
2o
mv
2
/R
mg
2o= L/R
u
mv
2
/R
mg
2o
2o= L/R
o
mv
2
/R
2o
2o= L/R
mv
2
/R mg
m dv/dt
m
N
mv
2
/R
m
Chapter 7
7.5
21. a) When the ruler makes uniform circular motion in the horizontal
plane, (figa)
mg = me
1
2
L
e
1

=
L
g

b) When the ruler makes uniformly accelerated circular motion,(figb)
mg =
2 2 2
2
) mL ( ) L m ( o + e e
2
4
+ o
2
=
2
2 2
L
g
e
2
=
4 / 1
2
2
L
g
(
(

o |
.
|

\
|
(When viewed from top)
22. Radius of the curves = 100m
Weight = 100kg
Velocity = 18km/hr = 5m/sec
a) at B mg
R
mv
2
= N N = (100 10)
100
25 100
= 1000 25 = 975N
At d, N = mg +
R
mv
2
= 1000 + 25 = 1025 N
b) At B & D the cycle has no tendency to slide. So at B & D, frictional force is zero.
At C, mg sin u = F F = 1000
2
1
= 707N
c) (i) Before C mg cos u N =
R
mv
2
N = mg cos u
R
mv
2
= 707 25 = 683N
(ii) N mg cos u =
R
mv
2
N =
R
mv
2
+ mg cos u = 25 + 707 = 732N
d) To find out the minimum desired coeff. of friction, we have to consider a point just before C. (where
N is minimum)
Now, N = mg sin u 682 = 707
So, = 1.037
23. d = 3m R = 1.5m
R = distance from the centre to one of the kids
N = 20 rev per min = 20/60 = 1/3 rev per sec
e = 2tr = 2t/3
m = 15kg
Frictional force F = mre
2
= 15 (1.5)
9
) 2 (
2
t
= 5 (0.5) 4t
2
= 10t
2
Frictional force on one of the kids is 10t
2

24. If the bowl rotates at maximum angular speed, the block tends to slip upwards. So, the frictional force
acts downward.
Here, r = R sin u
From FBD 1
R
1
mg cos u me
1
2
(R sin u) sin u = 0 ..(i) [because r = R sin u]
and R
1
mg sin u me
1
2
(R sin u) cos u = 0 ..(ii)
Substituting the value of R
1
from Eq (i) in Eq(ii), it can be found out that
e
1
=
2 / 1
) sin (cos sin R
) cos (sin g
(

u u u
u + u
Again, for minimum speed, the frictional force
R
2
acts upward. From FBD2, it can be proved
that,
e1
2
L mg
mg
e1
R
L
(Figa)
(Figb)
me2
2
L mg
mLo
R1
u
me1
2
r
R1
(FBD 1)
R2
u
me2
2
r
R2
(FBD 2)

E
D
C
B
A
mv
2
/R
mg
N
B
15kg
mg
me
2
r F
15kg
Chapter 7
7.6
e
2
=
2 / 1
) sin (cos sin R
) cos (sin g
(

u + u u
u u
the range of speed is between e
1
and e
2
25. Particle is projected with speed u at an angle u. At the highest pt. the vertical component of velocity is
0
So, at that point, velocity = u cos u
centripetal force = m u
2
cos
2 |
.
|

\
| u
r
At highest pt.
mg =
r
mv
2
r =
g
cos u
2 2
u
26. Let u the velocity at the pt where it makes an angle u/2 with horizontal. The
horizontal component remains unchanged
So, v cos u/2 = e cos u v =
|
.
|

\
| u
u
2
cos
cos u
...(i)
From figure
mg cos (u/2) =
r
mv
2
r =
( ) 2 / cos g
v
2
u
putting the value of v from equn(i)
r =
) 2 / ( cos g
cos u
3
2 2
u
u

27. A block of mass m moves on a horizontal circle against the wall of a cylindrical room of radius R
Friction coefficient between wall & the block is .
a) Normal reaction by the wall on the block is =
R
mv
2
b) Frictional force by wall =
R
mv
2

c)
R
mv
2

= ma a =
R
v
2

(Deceleration)
d) Now,
dt
dv
=
ds
dv
v =
R
v
2

ds =
v
dv R

s =

R
In V + c
At s = 0, v = v
0
Therefore, c =

R
In V
0
so, s =
0
v
v
In
R

0
v
v
= e
s/R
For, one rotation s = 2tR, so v = v
0
e
2t
28. The cabin rotates with angular velocity e & radius R
The particle experiences a force mRe
2
.
The component of mRe
2
along the groove provides the required force to the particle to move along AB.
mRe
2
cos u = ma a = Re
2
cos u
length of groove = L
L = ut + at
2
L = Re
2
cos u t
2
t
2
=
u e cos R
L 2
2
= t =
u e cos R
L 2
1
2

u/
mg
mv
2
/

cosu
u
mgcosu/2
R
m

mv
2
/R
mv
2
/R
R
u A
B
mv
2
/R
mv
2
/r
mg
u sin u
u
u' cos u
Chapter 7
7.7
29. v = Velocity of car = 36km/hr = 10 m/s
r = Radius of circular path = 50m
m = mass of small body = 100g = 0.1kg.
= Friction coefficient between plate & body = 0.58
a) The normal contact force exerted by the plate on the block
N =
r
mv
2
=
50
100 1 . 0
= 0.2N
b) The plate is turned so the angle between the normal to the plate & the radius of the road slowly
increases
N =
r
mv
2
cos u ..(i)
N =
r
mv
2
sin u ..(ii)
Putting value of N from (i)

r
mv
2
cos u =
r
mv
2
sin u = tan u u = tan
1
= tan
1
(0.58) = 30
30. Let the bigger mass accelerates towards right with a.
From the free body diagrams,
T ma me
2
R = 0 (i)
T + 2ma 2me
2
R = 0 (ii)
Eq (i) Eq (ii) 3ma = me
2
R
a =
3
R m
2
e
Substituting the value of a in Equation (i), we get T = 4/3 me
2
R.
* * * *
R
a
m
2m
ma T
me
2
R
2ma T
2me
2
R