N.
RAGHAVENDRA REDDY
Contents.
What is noise? What is noise cancellation? Simple idea. Wave cancellation. Active noise cancellation (ANC). Applications. Adaptive filter. Comparison Adaptive algorithm (LMS & RMS). Simulation. Conclusion.
What is noise?
Noise consists of unwanted waveforms that can interfere with communication. sound noise: interferes with your normal hearing Loud noises Subtle noise White noise (AWGN)
Fiq(1):AWGN
Active and passive noise
The advantages of active noise control methods compared to passive ones are that they are generally:
More effective at low frequencies. Less bulky. Able to block noise selectively
What is Noise Cancellation?
Noise cancellation is a method to reduce or completely cancel out undesirable sound call Active Noise Cancellation .
Noise cancellation tries to 'block' the sound at the source instead of trying to prevent the sounds from entering our ear canals
Cont.
These technologies are in their early stages.
The hope is that one day that these technologies can be used to minimize all sorts of unwanted sounds around us
Simple Idea
Cancellation processes depend on simple principle adding two signals with the same . amplitude and opposite phase the result will be zero signals.
(H)
Types of wave cancellation
wave cancellation
Simple wave
complex wave
Simple wave cancellation
Simple sine wave for single sound frequency
One pure sound a fraction of a second after the next
Sum of two waves slightly out of phase
Sum of two waves slightly out of phase
Canceling complex waves
A spoken word consists of a spectrum of frequencies of different amplitude need to filter each frequency separately,
create the same frequency and amplitude at 180 out of phase.
Active Noise Cancellation (ANC)
Applications
Headsets (headphone) Honda cars. Space satellite antennas. Use in apartment. .NoiseMuter
Noise Canceller( NoiseMuter)
NoiseMuter is an advanced noise suppression solution, designed as add-on software module to enable noise-free communication.
Condition/coder
Original
NoiseMuter Processed
Speech + Car Noise
Original
NoiseMuter processed
Adaptive filter
nonlinear and time-variant . adjust themselves to an ever-changing environment . changes its parameters so its performance improves through its surroundings.
Adaptive Filter
Input signal
Filter structure
Output signal
Adaptive algorithm
Criterion of performance
The coefficients of an adaptive filter change in time
Block diagram of adaptive system
Primary signal No(n) S(n)+No(n) d(n)
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+ N1(n) Reference signal adaptive y(n) e(n) output
Adaptive algorithm
An adaptive algorithm is used to estimate a time varying signal. By adjusting the filter coefficients so as to minimize the error. There are many adaptive algorithms like Recursive Least Square (RLS), Kalman filter, but the most commonly used is the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm.
LMS algorithm
d(n)
Estimates the solution to the X(n) Weiner-Hopf equations using gradient descent method which finds minima by estimating the gradient.
Y(n) Transversal Filter
e(n) e
C(n)
LMS
is the step size
Cont..
X(n) Adaptive filter Unknown system
y(n)
d(n)
e(n)
filtering operation with the previous version of the coefficients. Compare the computed output with the expected output.
Update the coefficients using the following computation.
Experiment
Click to listen original sound Click to listen nosily sound
Click to listen output1 sound
click to show simulation graph1
Click to listen output 2 sound
Click to show simulation graph
Why using RLS algorithm
Increase performance . Faster convergence behavior. Infinite memory Improve the final noise removal performance. Filter coefficient is much more stable .
conclusion
Active noise cancellation is a method to cancel out undesirable sound in real time. The adaptive filter is used to estimate the error in noisy wave Many algorithms are used in adaptive filter like LMS RLS & MSE and the better is RLS .
