Introduction to ISDN
What is ISDN?
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network Telephone services Telecommunication services integrate digital voice, 64-kbps data, telex, fax, slow-scan video local interface to a digital pipeenables higher data rates
ISDN view
Fundamentals
Types of channels
Bearer channel (B-channel=64 kb/s) clear pipe for data Delta channel (D-channel, 16 kb/s or 64 kb/s) call signaling information:
who is calling type of call calling what number
ISDN protocol architecture
Fundamentals
Service types
Basic Rate Interface (2 B channels + 1 D channel (16 kb/s)) Primary Rate Interface (30 B channels + 1 D channel (64 kb/s))
Advantages of ISDN
Digital
reliable connection
Speed
128 kb/s (160 kb/s) for BRI 1920 kb/s (2048 kb/s) for PRI
Fast call setup
2 seconds
Advantages of ISDN
Bandwidth on Demand
adding new channels to the bundle of channels
Multiple devices
phone, fax, PC, videoconferencing system, router, terminal adapter,.. each with its own sub-address
ISDN and OSI model
Layer1 - Physical Layer2 - Data Link Layer3 Network
Interfaces and Devices
Interfaces
S/T (4w) U (2w)
Devices
NT1 TE1 - ISDN devices TE2 - analog devices (need TA) TA - Terminal Adapter (rate adaptation (V.110, V.120)
Interfaces and Devices
ISDN devices
TE1
4W S/T interface TE2 Analog devices: phone, Fax III,... TA Rate adaptation 2W U interface
NT1
ISDN Access Servers
Digital modems (accepting analog and ISDN calls)
software busy-out feature
56 kbit/s technologies Rate adaptation (V.110, V.120,..) Compression (Stack,..) Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP authentication)
ISDN Access Servers
PPP Multilink BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control
Protocol)
Controlling the number of B-channels per user D-channel based callback CLIP - Caller Line Identification Presentation
56 k Technology
Analog line Digital line
Telephone switch
Access server
Telephone switch
Modem
<= 33,6 kbps
Telephone switch
Modem
Access server
Modem
<= 56 kbps <= 33,6 kbps
ISDN, E1,..
Using ISDN for IP Data Networks
Characteristics
Speed Fast call setup Bandwidth on Demand
Dial Up - LAN
Internet
ISDN Access Server LAN ISDN connection Telephone Network ISDN connection ISDN router
ISDN Architecture
Network
Subscriber premises
>64kbps non-switched capabilities >64kbps switched capabilities 64kbps ckt non-switched capabilities
Subscriber interface to ISDN
Terminal equipment (TE)
Digital subscriber loop to C. O.
Network Termination (NT)
ISDN switch
>64kbps ckt switched capabilities
ISDN switch
Subscriber site or service provider
Packet switched capabilities
User-network signaling
Frame mode capabilities Commonchannel signaling capabilities
User-network signaling
Transmission Structure
B Channel: 64 kbps D Channel: 16 or 64 kbps H Channel: 384 (H0), 1536 (H1), or 1920 (H12) kbps Basic Rate Interface Primary Rate Interface
ISDN Channel Structures
B
Information:
Voice, Data
B
Basic Service:
Basic Management rate: 192 kbps Standard throughput: 144 kbps Composition: B + B + D channels, + Synch & framing Primary
Signaling:
Overhead or telemetry, etc.
B B PCM voice
channels
Primary Service:
Rate: 1.544/2.048 Mbps Composition: 2.048 Mbps: 30 B at 64 kbps each 2 D at 64 kbps 1.544 Mbps: 23 B at 64 kbps each 1 D at 64 kbps
B D Signaling
