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Floating Point Representation Examples

The document discusses three examples of floating point representation: 8-bit floating point with and without a hidden bit, and the IEEE 754 standard for single precision floating point numbers. The 8-bit examples show the breakdown of the bit patterns into sign, exponent, and fraction fields. The exponent uses excess-3 notation with a range of -3 to 4. The fraction is either normalized with an implied leading 1 or uses a hidden leading 1 bit. The IEEE 754 standard uses a 32-bit single precision format with a sign bit, 8-bit exponent with excess-127 notation having a range of -126 to 127, and a 23-bit fraction with a hidden leading 1 bit. It describes

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83 views2 pages

Floating Point Representation Examples

The document discusses three examples of floating point representation: 8-bit floating point with and without a hidden bit, and the IEEE 754 standard for single precision floating point numbers. The 8-bit examples show the breakdown of the bit patterns into sign, exponent, and fraction fields. The exponent uses excess-3 notation with a range of -3 to 4. The fraction is either normalized with an implied leading 1 or uses a hidden leading 1 bit. The IEEE 754 standard uses a 32-bit single precision format with a sign bit, 8-bit exponent with excess-127 notation having a range of -126 to 127, and a 23-bit fraction with a hidden leading 1 bit. It describes

Uploaded by

mohamed
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Comp 255: Floating Point Representation Examples

8-bit floating point example



| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
sign exponent fraction

sign: 0 = plus / 1 = minus
exponent: excess 3 (011) notation (range is -3 to 4)
fraction: normalized so leading 1 is right of implied binary point (or binary point to left of
leading 1)
precision depends on exponent

Example: 5.25 -> 101.01 -> 0.101012
11
-> 0 | 110 | 1010

Largest value is 0 | 111|1111 -> 0.1111 2
100
-> 1111.0 = 15 (decimal)
Smallest non-zero value is 0|000|1000 -> 0.12
-11
= 0.0001 = 1/16 = 0.0625
Note: 0 | 000 | 0000 is zero

Not all bit patterns can be used

8-bit floating point example with hidden bit

| | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
sign exponent fraction

sign: 0 = plus / 1 = minus
exponent: excess 3 (011) notation (range is -3 to 4)
fraction: hidden 1 bit to left of implied binary point (or binary point to right of leading 1)
precision depends on exponent

Example: 5.25 -> 101.01 -> 1.01012
10
-> 0 | 101 | 0101

Largest value is 0 | 111 | 1111 -> 1.11112
100
= 11111 = 31 (decimal)
Smallest non-zero value is 0 | 000 | 0001 = 1.00012
-11
= 0.0010001 = 1/8 + 1/128 = 0.1328125
Note: 0 | 000 | 0000 is zero









IEEE 754 Standard for Single Precision Floating Point Numbers

|s| exponent | fraction |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Sign: 0 = plus / 1 = minus
Exponent: excess 127 (01111111) 00000000 and 11111111 are reserved patterns
Therefore exponent range is -126 .. +127
Fraction: hidden 1 bit to left of implied binary point (or binary point to right of leading 1)
precision depends on exponent

5 basic types

Non-zero normalized numbers (exponents between -126 and +127)
Clean zero: exponent and mantissa all 0s (note +0 and -0)
Infinity: exponent = 11111111, fraction all 0s (+ and infinity)
NaN (not a number): exponent = 11111111 and fraction is not all 0s
Denormalized: exponent = 00000000 (-126) and fraction is actual value w/o/ hidden bit

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