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MEE 353 Presentation 2

The document discusses the Carnot cycle and Rankine cycle. The Carnot cycle involves four processes - heat absorption at a constant temperature T1, isentropic expansion to temperature T2, heat rejection at a constant pressure and temperature T2, and isentropic compression back to T1. Its efficiency is highest for any cycle between two temperatures but it is difficult to implement in practice. The Rankine cycle is similar but uses saturated steam and is the theoretical cycle on which steam turbines work, involving steam expansion in a turbine, condensation, pumping, and heating. Its efficiency is lower than the Carnot cycle since only part of the heat is supplied isothermally.

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68 views22 pages

MEE 353 Presentation 2

The document discusses the Carnot cycle and Rankine cycle. The Carnot cycle involves four processes - heat absorption at a constant temperature T1, isentropic expansion to temperature T2, heat rejection at a constant pressure and temperature T2, and isentropic compression back to T1. Its efficiency is highest for any cycle between two temperatures but it is difficult to implement in practice. The Rankine cycle is similar but uses saturated steam and is the theoretical cycle on which steam turbines work, involving steam expansion in a turbine, condensation, pumping, and heating. Its efficiency is lower than the Carnot cycle since only part of the heat is supplied isothermally.

Uploaded by

SamuelShinaAyodele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of presentation

one:
Steam Turbine- Steam Power
Plant
Nuclear Engine- Nuclear
Power Plant
Gas Turbine- Gas Power Plant

2
3

Carnot cycle

Carnot Cycle

Cycle Operations
Process(4-1): Heat absorption at
constant temperature T1 and
pressure p1
Process (1-2): Isentropic
expansion to temperature T2 and
pressure p2
Process (2-3): Heat rejection at
constant pressure p2 and
temperature T2

Analysis of Carnot cycle


Carnot cycle is simple
(thermodynamically) and has the
highest thermal efficiency for given
values of T1 and T2
Since there is no exchange of heat
during isentropic processes (1-2) and
(3-4);

(1)

Also,

carnot

Net Work

Heat Supplied
Heat Supplied Heat Re jected

Heat Supplied
Qs Qr

Qs
Qr
1
Qs

Limitations of Carnot Cycle


It is difficult to compress a wet vapour
isentropically to the saturated state as
required by the process 3-4
It is difficult to control the quality of the
condensate coming out of the condenser so
that the state 3 is exactly obtained.

The efficiency of the Carnot cycle is greatly affected


by the temperature T1 at which heat is transferred to
the working fluid. Since the critical temperature for
steam is only 374C, therefore, if the cycle is to be
operated in the wet region, the maximum possible
temperature is severely limited.
The cycle is still more difficult to operate in practice
with superheated steam due to the necessity of
supplying the superheat at constant temperature
instead of constant pressure.

RANKINE CYCLE
This is theoretical cycle on which the steam
turbine works

Process:
1-2 : Reversible adiabatic
expansion in the
turbine (or steam engine).
2-3 : Constant-pressure transfer
of heat in the
condenser.
3-4 : Reversible adiabatic
pumping process in
the feed pump.
4-1 : Constant-pressure transfer

ANALYSIS OF RANKINE
CYCLE

Applying
S.F.E.E.,
Boiler:

(1)

Turbine:

(2)

Condenser:

(3)

Feed pump:

( 4)

Rankine Efficiency

(5)

If effect of feed pump is


assumed negligible when
compared with turbine
work, then

(6)

Carnot Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Lower specific work higher specific work
requires a smaller
steam flow rate
resulting in smaller
size plant for a given
power output
rates of heat transfer
in boiler and
condenser

Carnot Cycle

Used compressor
work for compression is
very large compared to
the pump

Rankine
Cycle
only part of the heat is
supplied isothermally
at constant higher
temperature T1,
therefore, its
efficiency is lower
than that of Carnot
cycle
May use pump
work for pumping is
very low compared to
the work for
compression

Examples:

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