Skysail
RADAR
RYA 1 Day Course
Training
Radar Plotting Worked Examples
Keith Bater
Radar course notes
K Bater December 17th 2009
SKYSAIL TRAINING
www.skysailtraining.co.uk
Laminated Skills Charts - waterproof A4
Radar
with details of Radar controls
Collision rules to be used with Radar
Plotting sheet with full instructions
VHF Procedures
Day Skipper
Chartwork
Weather at Sea
ColRegs - Lights Shapes and Sound Signals, steering and sailing rules
Signals - Mayday, SOLAS, Flags, IPTS
CEVNI Symbols, Signals and Lights
K Bater 2008
K Bater 2008
22
Collision Avoidance
A target whose range
is decreasing and
relative bearing is
not changing is on a
collision course
CBDR = Constant Bearing Decreasing Range
Closest Point of Approach - CPA
CPA
Always of interest to the Skipper
CPA = Closest Point of Approach
Always expressed as a bearing and
range from own boat.
Finding the Closest Point of Approach - CPA of a Target
1
1. Plot target position X at 6
minute intervals (= 0.1 hour)
O
A
2. First plot = O (Original)
3. Last plot = A (Actual)
4. Draw O - A the blue line
past P the centre of the plot
(your position)
Finding the Closest Point of Approach - CPA of a Target
2
1. Plot target position X at 6
minute intervals (= 0.1 hour)
2. First plot = O (Original)
A
3. Last plot = A (Actual)
CPA
4. Draw O - A the blue line
past P the centre of the plot
(your position)
5. Draw a line from P (in red)
to meet the blue line at right
angles.
6. This is the CPA
7. Find the Time to CPA =
(A-C / O-A) x Time for OA
6
Finding the Time to
Closest Point of Approach
Find the Time to CPA =
A
CPA
A-C
O-A
time from O to A
In this case time from O to
A = 12 minutes = 0.2 hrs
So if OA = 3 miles
AC = 1.3 miles
Time to CPA = 0.2 x (1.3/3)
= .087 hours
= 5.2 minutes
Finding the TRUE course and speed of the target 1
1.Plot target position X at 6
minute intervals (= 0.1 hour)
O
A
2.First plot =O (Original)
3.Last plot = A (Actual)
WX
This gives the RELATIVE
COURSE of the target
Our boat is travelling up the
screen, so we need to take
away our speed from the target.
Draw O W: the distance we
travel in 12 minutes
O - W = the WAY of our boat
8
Finding the TRUE course and speed of the target 2
We must adjust the targets
Relative course by allowing for
our speed up the screen.
O
A
WX
Imagine the target dropped a
buoy at O. The buoy then stays
stationary.
When the target reaches A the
buoy will be at W, where A W
is the distance travelled by our
vessel.
The TRUE COURSE of the
target is W to A
The TRUE SPEED
of the target is
W-A
Time O - A
Question 1 Head Up, Range 5M, Heading 180, speed 10 Kn
Time
Range Bearing
1010
4.0 M
320
Is there a likelihood of collision?
Yes
1016
3.0 M
320
What is the other vessel's true course?
250
1022
2.0 M
320
What is the other vessel's speed?
7.0 Kn
Question 2 Head Up, Range 5M, Heading 030, speed 5 Kn
Time
Range Bearing
1301
3.6 M
320
Is there a likelihood of collision?
1307
2.3 M
312
What is the other vessel's true course?
1313
1.2 M
292
What is the other vessel's speed?
No
168
9.0 Kn
Question 3 Head Up, Range 10 M, Heading 355, Speed 20 Kn
Is there a likelihood of collision?
Time
Range
Bearing
2050
9.2 M
282
What is the CPA?
2056
6.8 M
283
What is the TCPA?
2102
4.4 M
270
What is the other vessel's true course?
No
1.0 M
10 mins
060
Question 4 Head Up, Range 10 M, Heading 355, Speed 20 Kn
Time
Range
Bearing
What is the CPA?
0.4M
10 Kn
1110
9.0M
008
What is the other vessels speed?
1116
8.0 M
009
Is there a likelihood of collision?
1122
7.0 M
009
What light will you see?
??
White
Question 5 North Up, Range 5M, Heading 110, Speed 5 Kn
Time
Range Bearing
Is there a likelihood of collision?
??
1440
4.6 nm
064
What is the CPA?
0.8 M
1446
2.9 nm
066
What is the other vessel's true course?
225
1452
1.2 nm
077
What is the other vessel's speed?
15.0 Kn
Question 6 North Up, Range 5M, Heading 110, Speed 5 Kn
Is there a likelihood of collision?
No
Time
Range
Bearing
0212
5.0 nm
002
What is the CPA?
0.9 M
0218
3.9 nm
359
What is the other vessel's true course?
210
0224
2.7 nm
354
What is the other vessel's speed?
0230
1.8 nm
334
What is the CPA if we turn 45 to Port?
15.0 Kn
1.2 M
10
Question 1
Mode
Range
HU
Heading
180
Speed
10
Distance
you travel
in 12
minutes
070
5 miles
= 10 x 1/5
= 2 miles
Target
CPA
Course
250
Speed
7.0
11
Question 2
Mode
Heading
HU
Range
W
Distance
you travel in
12 minutes
138
030
Speed
A
1
5 miles
= 5 x 1/5
= 1 mile
Target
CPA
Course
Speed
0.7
168
9.0
12
Question 3
Mode
HU
Range
10
Heading
355
Speed
20
O
A
Distance
you travel in
12 minutes
10 miles
065
= 20 x 1/5
= 4 miles
Target
CPA
TCPA 10 minutes
1.0
Course
060
Speed
25.0
13
Question 4
O
Mode
HU
Range
10
Heading
355
Speed
20
W
2
10 miles
Distance
you travel in
12 minutes
= 20 x 1/5
= 4 miles
Target
CPA
0.4 M
Course 345
Speed
10 Kn
14
Question 5
Heading
Mode
Range
110
Speed
NU
W
225
Distance
you travel in
12 minutes
= 5 x 1/5
= 1 miles
Your heading
110
Target
CPA
0.2M
Course
225
Speed
15.0
15
