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Or Is Constant: Hydrostatic Equation

The hydrostatic equation relates pressure, elevation, and density in static fluids. It states that pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the overlying fluid. Pressure can be measured using various devices like a barometer, Bourdon tube gage, piezometer, or manometer, which uses the difference in height of a liquid column to determine pressure differences. The hydrostatic force on a surface is calculated by integrating the pressure over the surface area, with pressure always acting normal to the surface. For a uniform pressure, the total force is pressure times area acting through the centroid, while the center of pressure depends on the slant depth and area moment of inertia.

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55 views10 pages

Or Is Constant: Hydrostatic Equation

The hydrostatic equation relates pressure, elevation, and density in static fluids. It states that pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the overlying fluid. Pressure can be measured using various devices like a barometer, Bourdon tube gage, piezometer, or manometer, which uses the difference in height of a liquid column to determine pressure differences. The hydrostatic force on a surface is calculated by integrating the pressure over the surface area, with pressure always acting normal to the surface. For a uniform pressure, the total force is pressure times area acting through the centroid, while the center of pressure depends on the slant depth and area moment of inertia.

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T uohz
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Hydrostatic Equation:

If or is constant,
=

+ = = (pressure form)
is the elevation above a fixed horizontal reference plane.
is the piezometric pressure.

+ = = (head form)

is the piezometric head.


For any two points in a static fluid of constant density:
1 + 1 = 2 + 2
1

+ 1 =

+ 2
1

Pressure measurement:
Barometer: An instrument used to measure atmospheric
pressure.
Bourdon-Tube Gage: measures pressure by sensing the
deflection of a coiled tube.
Piezometer: a vertical tube, usually transparent, in which a liquid
rises in responses to a positive gage pressure.
Manometer: a device for measuring pressure by raising or
lowering a column of liquid.

Pressure measurement:
Manometer: a device for measuring
pressure by raising or lowering a
column of liquid.

Usually shaped like letter U.


(U-tube manometer)
Find the gage pressure at 4:

Pressure measurement:
General manometer equation:
2 = 1 +

Inclined-Tube Manometer

What is the gas pressure difference ?

Hydrostatic force on a plane surface


Important for the design of tanks, ships, dams, gates and other
hydraulic structures
Pressure distribution: is a visual or mathematical description that
shows how pressure varies from point to point along a surface.

Pressure distribution is always compressive and that pressure is


always normal to the surface.

Relating pressure to force

=
The net force due to a pressure distribution:
=

The net force due to pressure can be found by integrating pressure


over area while using a normal vector to keep track of the direction
of incremental force on each unit of area.
7

Uniform pressure distribution: the pressure is the same at every


point.

Hydrostatic pressure distribution:

Hydrostatic force on plane surfaces:

The magnitude of the resultant force:


=
: pressure at the depth of the centroid
9

Hydrostatic force on plane surfaces:


The location of the resultant force (center of pressure):

= +

: the slant distance which measures the length from the surface
of liquid to the centroid of the panel.
: the area moment of inertia of panel with respective to a
horizontal axis that passes through the centroid of the surface.

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