CEVB 211 SURVEYING PRACTICAL TRAINING
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 5
THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL THEODOLITE CONTROL TRAVERSE
SECTION: 03
NAME
MUHAMMAD FIKRIL AZIM BIN ABDUL SANI
ID
CE094946
DATE OF LABORATORY SESSION
: 10 DECEMBER 2015
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION
: 17 DECEMBER 2015
LAB INSTRUCTOR
: DR. AL MAHFOODH ALI NAJAH AHMED
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT
PAGE
Table of Content
Summary/Abstract
Introduction & Objective
3-4
Materials or Equipments
4-5
Procedure
5-7
Results & Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
References
PROBLEM STATEMENT
As a civil engineer, I am required to apply the knowledge of traversing for a new project site.
ABSTRACT/SUMMARY
The contour is the relative position of points in a plan that is represented by a map.
Contouring is defined as a contour line joining points of equal heights or altitude. The vertical distance between
successive contours is known as the vertical interval.
Contour lines are continuous lines and cannot meet or cross any other contour line, nor can any one line split
or join any other line, except in the case of a cliff.
The height between the successive contours is called the vertical interval or contour interval and is always
constant over a map or plan.
INTRODUCTION
Theodolite
Target
It is an instrument for measuring directions, can be optical where glass circles are used to measure direction and
usually these days they are digital.
A theodolite is an instrument which is capable of measuring angles to the nearest whole second. This can be done
for both vertical and horizontal angles. Vertical angles are required for the calculation of the elevation of points for
example, the reduction of slope distance to the horizontal. It also eliminates the manual reading of scales on
graduated circles.
OBJECTIVE
5
To apply the knowledge of using digital theodolite, establish control traverse and adjust the observation of
data.
Apparatus
1.
2.
3.
4.
Digital Theodolite (1 unit) + A1 size batteries (6 units)
Traversing Target (2 unit)
Tripod (3 units)
Hammer, nails and spray
Stati
on
Angle
Adjusted
Angle
Lengt
h
932530
654655
932441.
25
65466.2
5
6.5
131352
5
691525
360031
5
1313436
.2
691436.
25
3600000
6.9
C
D
Sum
7.3
8.1
28.8
Whole
E
Circle
Bearing
2640000 6.464
149466.2 3.676
5
1012042.
4
3503518.
6
Correction
E
N
Adjusted
E
N
Coordinates
East
No
-0.680
-0.599
+0.080
-7.063
-0.600
100.000
100
-6.307
-0.672
+0.089
+3.004
-6.218
92.937
99.
6.765
-1.357
-0.635
+0.085
+6.130
-1.272
95.941
93.
1.325
+2.65
2
7.991
-0.746
+0.099
-2.071
+8.090
102.071
91.
-0.353
-2.652
+0.353
Results
Sample Calculation
Total angle in polygon
= (n-2) x 180
= (4-2) x 180
= 360
Error of sum of angles:
= 3600315 - 3600000
= 00315
Angles correction:
= 00315 / 4
= 0048.75
Adjusted Angle A
= 932530 - 0048.75
= 932441.25
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Whole Circle Bearing for station B
= (2640000 + 65466.25) - 1800000
= 149466.25
E for station A
= L sin (WCB)
= 6.5 sin 2640000
= -6.464
N for station A
= L cos (WCB)
= 6.5 cos 2640000
= -0.679
Correction for E for station A
= - [Total E x (Length/Total length)]
= - (+2.652) x (6.5/28.8)
= -0.599
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Correction for N for station A
= - [Total N x (Length/Total length)]
= - (-0.353) x (6.5/28.8)
= +0.080
Adjusted E for station A
= Original E + Correction
= -6.464 + -0.599
= -7.063
Adjusted N for station A
= Original N + Correction
= -0.680 + 0.080
= -0.600
East Coordinates for station B
= 100.000 + Adjusted E
= 100.000 + (-7.063)
= 92.937
12
North Coordinates for station B
= 100.000 + Adjusted N
= 100.000 + (-0.600)
= 99.400
Area of closed traverse
1 x1
2 y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
x4
y4
x5
y5
1 100.000 92.937 95.941 102.071 100.000
2 100.000 99.400 93.182 91.910 100.000
= 37625.093 37532.415 = 92.678
1
2
x (92.678)
13
= 46.339 m2
Table 2: Traverse Form
Sample calculation:
1. Horizontal angle B and C
3600000 - 3130035 = 465925
Mean = (465925 + 465925)/2 = 465925
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2. Point B Vertical Distance
Face Right = 3600000 - 2691000 = 905000
Mean = (904955 + 905000)/2 = 904957.5
Discussion
The main objective is from this experiment is understand more about the setting up and calculation of the
Theodolite. From the data obtained, the difference for horizontal angle is 000000 and vertical angle is
000405. We need to transit from the face left to face right for about two or more times for more accurate
reading. By transiting, the mean value is used as the actual angle.
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Errors for this experiment includes the prism are not pointed towards the theodolite and even exhausted batteries.
To eliminate the error, we just take new batteries and for the prisms problems, the prisms is set up and adjusted
carefully. So, to reduce the error, tripods leg is anchored firmly. The bubble level also needed to be checked before
and after each reading. EDM errors could be exist when carry out the reading of the theodolite and the targets.
Conclusion
I am able to know how to measure the horizontal and vertical angles of theodolite and gain knowledge of
how to handle the equipment during the field work .Theodolite must be centred on the point using plum bob. The
mean horizontal between point B and C is both 465925 while the mean vertical angle of B is 904957.5 and C
is 90152.5. We also know how to adjust the reading system of the theodolite angle at the right plane. Centring
and levelling the instrument was to ensure the horizontal angle that was measured. I also know what types of
theodolite are classified which are Vernier theodolite, Optical theodolite, Electronic theodolite. We also know now
about that a modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes-horizontal
axis and vertical axis.
References
http://www.slideshare.net/x3HwaN/site-surveying-report-ii
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