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Week 6 Tutorial Solns

1) The grand canonical potential and average number and energy are derived for Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. The expressions show that quantum gases do not follow the same equation of state as classical ideal gases. 2) A more general occupation number restriction of 0 to l is considered. The mean occupation number is expressed in terms of l. Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics correspond to l = ∞ and l = 1, respectively. 3) It is shown that the expressions for the mean occupation number reduce to the correct Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac forms in the appropriate l limits.

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31 views2 pages

Week 6 Tutorial Solns

1) The grand canonical potential and average number and energy are derived for Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. The expressions show that quantum gases do not follow the same equation of state as classical ideal gases. 2) A more general occupation number restriction of 0 to l is considered. The mean occupation number is expressed in terms of l. Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics correspond to l = ∞ and l = 1, respectively. 3) It is shown that the expressions for the mean occupation number reduce to the correct Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac forms in the appropriate l limits.

Uploaded by

Patrick Sibanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistical Physics Week 6 Tutorial

Problem 1 In class we showed that the grand canonical potential of a quantum gas is given by
ZBE =

Y


1
1 ze

(1)

for Bose-Einstein statistics and


ZF D =

Y
(1 + ze )

(2)

for Fermi-Dirac statistics, where z = e is the fugacity.


A. Using
1
hN i =

log Z


,

(3)

T,V

find an expression for the hN i for both BE and FD statistics.


Sol:
X
X
1
=
hn i
hN i =
e() + a



(4)

where a = 1 for BE and a = +1 for FD.


B. Similarly, using

hEi =

log Z


,

(5)

z,V

find an expression for the average energy for both BE and FD statistics.
Sol:
X
X

hEi =
=
hn i
e() + a


(6)

C. What is the relationship between pV /kB T and Z?


Sol: Just generally, pV /kB T = log Z.
D. Find an expression for pV /kB T for BE and FD statistics.
Sol:
X
pV
=a
log(1 + aze )
kB T


(7)

E. Do quantum gases have the same equation of state as a classical ideal gas?
Sol: They do not! You can see pV 6= N kB T just by looking at the expressions for each.

Problem 2 Recall that in general the grand partition function of a quantum gas is given by
"
#"
#
X
X
0 n0
1 n1
Z=
(ze
)
(ze
)

n0

(8)

n1

A. Imagine that theres a type of particle for which the occupation number of a given energy level is
restricted to n = 0, 1, 2, ...`. Show that the mean occupation number hn i is given by
hn i =
Sol: Just use

P`

n=0

1
`+1

z 1 e 1 (z 1 e )`+1 1

(9)

xn = (x`+1 1)/(x 1), find hN i as in Problem 1, and then read off the answer.
1

B. What are the values of ` that correspond to FD and BE statistics? What is the condition on ze
necessary in the case of BE statistics?
Sol: FD is ` = 1, BE is ` = . BE requires ze < 1.
C. Show that for the values of ` in the previous parts, you recover the correct answer.
Sol: For ` , the 2nd term vanishes if ze < 1. For ` = 1, just do the sum, using (z 1 e )2 1 =
((z 1 e ) 1)((z 1 e ) + 1).

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