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Normalization

The document discusses normalizing tables that contain redundant fields by breaking them into separate tables and linking them together. It provides examples of normalizing a table of employees and departments into separate tables for employees and departments, and linking them. It also provides an example of normalizing a table of books and authors into separate tables for books and authors, and linking them. The document recommends adding a unique identifier field to link records between the new tables. Overall, the document provides guidance on normalizing tables to remove redundancy and simplify database design.

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149 views17 pages

Normalization

The document discusses normalizing tables that contain redundant fields by breaking them into separate tables and linking them together. It provides examples of normalizing a table of employees and departments into separate tables for employees and departments, and linking them. It also provides an example of normalizing a table of books and authors into separate tables for books and authors, and linking them. The document recommends adding a unique identifier field to link records between the new tables. Overall, the document provides guidance on normalizing tables to remove redundancy and simplify database design.

Uploaded by

api-27149177
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data and

Information
List of employees and their respective departments

Library Book Collection


List of employees and their respective departments

What IF?
• You need to make changes to an employee’s
name?
• You need to change the name of a department
form IT to IT-MIS?
• You need to remove a department in the list?
Library Book Collection

What IF?
• You need to make changes to an
author’s name?
• You need to change the Title of a
book?
Disadvantages of Redundant
Field/Columns
•Prone to Errors
•Tedious Repetition of the same
items
•Bulky and Difficult to manage

So, Break down Tables with Redundant Fields


Redundant Field/Columns
List of employees and their respective departments

Remove the Redundant Fields


Redundant Field/Columns
Library Book Collection

Remove the
Redundant Fields
Remove
the
redundant
field(s)

DEPARTMENT
Create
a separate table
for department
data
EMPLOYEE
NORMALIZED
or SIMPLIFIED
TABLES

DEPARTMENT
EMP_DEPT

The new
tables are
now
Normalized.
Library Book Collection

Remove
Step 1 Redundant Fields
and create a
separate table for
them
Step 2 AUTHORS
Create a new
table for the
AUTHORS data

Step 3 Create the relationship/link


AUTHORS

Add a new field which makes each record unique


(ex. IDNo, codeNo, recNo, AuthorID)
NORMALIZED AUTHORS
or SIMPLIFIED
TABLES

BOOKS
BOOK_AUTH

The new
tables are
now
Normalized.
Guidelines in
developing a
Database
1. Determine the purpose of the database

2. Design the tables


 Design tables on paper first
 Each table should contain data about one subject
 Ex. Member table contains data about members only

3. Design the records and fields for each table


4. Be sure every record has a primary key
A Primary key is a key field, which uniquely
identifies each record in a file)

 Use separate fields for logically distinct items


Ex. A name could be stored in six fields:
 Title [Mr., Mrs., Dr., etc.]
 First name
 Middle Name
 Last Name
 Suffix [Jr., Sr., etc.]
 Nickname

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