Lecture 1 Introduction to the Computer
CSC-140 Introduction to Computer
Muhammad Iqbal
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Introduction to Computer 1
What is a Computer ?
An electronic device that can accept input, process instructions, produce output from the processing, and store the results for future use.
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Introduction to Computer
Computers Everywhere
Not just Desktops, Workstations, Tablet PCs, Handheld PCs (PDAs), Servers, Mainframe computers, Minicomputers But also
Cell phones Alarm Clocks Microwave Ovens Lighting control in a building Washing Machines
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Introduction to Computer 3
Data or Information?
Data refers to raw facts and numbers (input for the computer) Information refers to data processed into a form that has meaning and is
useful
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Introduction to Computer
How Does a Computer Know What to Do?
It must be given a detailed set of
instructions that tell it exactly what
to do.
These instructions are called a
computer program, or software.
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Introduction to Computer
Why is the Computer such a Powerful Tool?
Speed Reliability Storage
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Introduction to Computer
Four Basic Computer Operations
Input Operations
Processing Operations
Output Operations Storage Operations
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Introduction to Computer
Basic Computer Components
System Unit ( Processing)
Input
CPU
Output
RAM Auxiliary Storage
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Introduction to Computer
Input Devices
Allows you to enter data into main memory (RAM).
Two primary input devices keyboard mouse
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Introduction to Computer
Input Devices
Keyboard Mouse or Trackball Joystick Pen input Touch Screen Light Pen Image Scanner Optical Recognition Digital Camera Voice Input
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Introduction to Computer
Processor
CPU - Central Processing Unit
Control Unit ALU Unit
RAM - Random Access Memory ( Main Memory)
Volatile
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Introduction to Computer
Central Processing Unit
interprets instructions performs arithmetic and logical operations controls input and output operations
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Introduction to Computer
Transistors count (Moores Law)
The transistor count of a device is the number of transistors in the device. Transistor count is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity. According to Moore's Law, the transistor count of the integrated circuits doubles every two years.
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Introduction to Computer 14
Graph of Moores Law
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11/01/2008 EADS 15
Processor Chips
Megahertz allows the user to know the speed that the processor is working. Early Pentium chips - 66 MHz 300 MHz - capable of executing more than 250 million instructions per second Gigahertz (GHz) capable of executing close to a billion instructions per second.
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Introduction to Computer
Binary System
Computers recognize only two states
(on and off)
These two states are represented by using two digits:
0 (absence of an electronic charge) 1 (presence of an electronic charge)
Each 0 or 1 make a value called a bit
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Introduction to Computer
ASCII and EBCDIC
Two popular coding schemes ASCII uses 7 bits to make one byte. EBCDIC uses 8 bit to make one byte.
ASCII
1000001
SYMBOL EBCDIC
A 11000001
1000010
B
C
11000010
11000011
One byte makes up a Character 1000011
1000100
1000101
D
E
11000100
11000101
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Introduction to Computer
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Memory
RAM
A series of electronic elements that
temporarily holds data and instructions while they are being processed by the CPU. Random Access Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory Permanent www.ecolumns.blogspot.com , www.facebook.com/ecolumns
Introduction to Computer
Storage Measurements
Byte = one character Kilobyte = 1024 characters (approximately 1000 characters) Megabyte = approximately one million characters Gigabyte = approximately one billion characters
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Introduction to Computer
Terabyte = approximately one trillion characters
Refrences
www.cise.ufl.edu/~mssz/CompOrg/ Su-L02-technol-logic1MSS.ppt www.cap.nsw.edu.au/teachers/tech_based_resources/ quambone_basics/Quambonecomputerbasics.ppt Chapter 1, Introduction to computers By Peter Norton
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count
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Introduction to Computer
