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Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram Guide

The document discusses the iron-iron carbide (Fe-Fe3C) phase diagram and microstructures in iron-carbon alloys. It explains that the phase diagram shows the different phases of ferrite, austenite, and cementite that form based on carbon concentration and temperature. The phase diagram is useful for determining the composition and amount of each phase that will form in a steel at a given carbon concentration and temperature. The document also describes how alloying elements can shift the eutectoid point and change the carbon concentration where the eutectoid transformation occurs. An example calculation is provided to determine the phases that would form in a steel with 0.4% carbon just below the eutectoid temperature

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123 views7 pages

Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram Guide

The document discusses the iron-iron carbide (Fe-Fe3C) phase diagram and microstructures in iron-carbon alloys. It explains that the phase diagram shows the different phases of ferrite, austenite, and cementite that form based on carbon concentration and temperature. The phase diagram is useful for determining the composition and amount of each phase that will form in a steel at a given carbon concentration and temperature. The document also describes how alloying elements can shift the eutectoid point and change the carbon concentration where the eutectoid transformation occurs. An example calculation is provided to determine the phases that would form in a steel with 0.4% carbon just below the eutectoid temperature

Uploaded by

pgp655484
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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The iron-iron carbide (Fe-Fe3C) phase diagram

Ferrite- -BCC, low C solubility(0.022%wt), magnetic Austenite--FCC, high C solubility(2.14%wt), nonmagnetic Ferrite--BCC Cementite (Fe3C) Eutectic, peritectic, eutectoid Iron, ferrite (C<0.008wt%) Stainless steel, +Fe3C (0.0082.14wt%)

Microstructures of iron

- ferrite

austenite

Interstitial sites of FCC

Interstitial sites of BCC

Microstructure in iron-carbon alloys


Eutectic-pearlite

Hypoeutectoid alloys
Hypoeutectoid steel: has a carbon concentration less than the eutectoid

Hypereutectoid alloys
Hypereutectoid steel: has a carbon content greater than the eutectoid

Example: Phase Equilibria

For a 99.6 wt% Fe-0.40 wt% C at a temperature just below the eutectoid, determine the following a) composition of Fe3C and ferrite () b) the amount of carbide (cementite) in grams that forms per 100 g of steel c) the amount of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite ()

Phase Equilibria
Solution: a) composition of Fe3C and ferrite ()
CO = 0.40 wt% C C = 0.022 wt% C CFe C = 6.70 wt% C
3

b) the amount of carbide (cementite) in grams that forms per 100 g of steel
Co C Fe3C 1400 = x100 T(C) Fe3C + CFe3C C
1600

L
L+Fe3C

0.4 0.022 x 100 = 5.7g = 6.7 0.022 Fe3C = 5.7 g = 94.3 g

1000 800
727C

+ Fe3C
R S

600 400 0 1 2 3

+ Fe3C
4 5 6

C CO

Co , wt% C

CFe

6.7
3C

Phase Equilibria
c. the amount of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite () note: amount of pearlite = amount of just above TE
Co = 0.40 wt% C C = 0.022 wt% C Cpearlite = C = 0.76 wt% C
1600

1200 1000 800

L+Fe3C

+ Fe3C RS
727C

pearlite = 51.2 g proeutectoid = 48.8 g

600 400 0 1 C C C O 2 3

+ Fe3C
4 5 6

6.7

Co , wt% C
10

Fe3C (cementite)

C C = o x 100 = 51.2 g + C C

T(C)

1400

L +L 1148C (austenite)

Fe3C (cementite)

+L 1200 1148C (austenite)

The influence of other alloying elements

Teutectoid changes:
T Eutectoid (C)
Ti Mo Si W Cr Mn Ni

Ceutectoid changes:
C eutectoid (wt%C)

Ni Cr Si Ti Mo W Mn

wt. % of alloying elements

wt. % of alloying elements

11

Review Fe-C phase diagram


2 important points -Eutectic (A):
L + Fe3C T(C)
1600

1400 1200 1000 800 600

L Fe3C (cementite) +L (austenite)


1148C

A
+Fe3C

-Eutectoid (B):
+Fe3C

L+Fe3C

Result: Pearlite = alternating layers of and Fe3C phases

C eutectoid

120 m

400 0 (Fe)

B
S

727C = Teutectoid

+Fe3C
4 5 6

0.76

4.30 Co, wt% C Fe3C (cementite-hard) (ferrite-soft)

6.7

Summary
Phase diagrams are useful tools to determine:
--the number and types of phases, --the wt% of each phase, --and the composition of each phase

for a given T and composition of the system. Alloying to produce a solid solution usually
--increases the tensile strength (TS) --decreases the ductility.

Binary eutectics and binary eutectoids allow for a range of microstructures.

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