Working with Methods in C#
Using Methods
Access Modifiers Defining Methods Calling Methods Using the return Statement Using Local Variables Returning Values Encapsulation Data with Properties
Method Types
Method Type Predefined Method User-defined Method
Return value
No return value
Return value
No return value
Method Types
Method Type Predefined Method User-defined Method
Return value
No return value
Return value
No return value
Method Declaration
static <return-type> <method-name>(<parameter list>) { <const/variable declaration>; <statements>; }
#remark return-type can be - data type = int, double, string, need return statement - void = return no value
Method Example: with return value
*Methods can return only single value.
int x = power2(2);
static int power2(int n) { int j = n * n; return j; }
Method Example: without return value
DisplayName(Aphirak);
static void DisplayName(string s){ Console.WriteLine(Hello, {0},s); }
Method Example 1
0 3 4
1 2
Outline
C# Method Review Passing Parameter
Pass by value Pass by reference
Passing Parameter Example 1
int x = power2(2);
static int power2(int n) { int j = n * n; return j; }
Passing Parameter Example 2
int x = power2(2);
static int power2(int n) { n = n * n; return n; }
Passing Parameter Type
Passing Type Pass by reference
Pass by value
Outline
C# Method Review Passing Parameter
Pass by value Pass by reference
Pass by value Example
string s; Copy value s to st s = InitialD; DisplayMovie(s); Console.WriteLine(s);
static void DisplayMovie(string st) { Console.WriteLine(Movie = {0},st) st = TomYumKung; }
Outline
C# Method Review Passing Parameter
Pass by value Pass by reference
Pass by reference Example
string s; s is referred by st s = InitialD; DisplayMovie(ref s); Console.WriteLine(s); Changes st/changes s too
static void DisplayMovie(ref string st) { Console.WriteLine(Movie = {0},st) st = TomYumKung; }
How to write method: swap x and y
x = 5; y = 4; swap( x, y); swap(ref x, ref y); Console.WriteLine(x={0}, y={1},x ,y);
Keywords ref and out
C# also provides another pass by reference keyword: out
static void Add(int a, int b, out int c) { ref & out: c = a + b; }
ref
un-initialized variables are not allowed previous values are passed to
out
any variables are allowed
no previous values are passed
methods
to methods
Example
Min(x ,y) Find min value Max(x, y) Find max value Mul(x, y) Find x * y IsPrime(x) Is x a prime number? CircleArea(r) Find area or circle with radius r BahtToDollar(b) Convert baht to dollar
Encapsulating data with Properties
Data encapsulation and hiding are the two fundamental characteristics of any object oriented programming language In C#, data encapsulation is possible through either classes or structures. By using various access modifiers like private, public, protected, internal etc it is possible to control the accessibility of the class members. Properties are nothing but natural extension of data fields
can be any Properties in C# C# valid can be private, public, protected or internal. type
Properties are defined using the property declaration syntax
<acces_modifier> <return_type> <property_name> { get { } set { } }
Properties
class MyClass { private int x; public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value; } }
Summary
Method
Return Value: int, double, etc void
Passing Parameter
Pass by value Pass by reference
