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F5227VISUALBASIC.NET PROGRAMMING

CourseLearningOutcome(CLO)
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to : 1. Create a simpe VB.NET based application based on the Windows Application template. 2. Describe on essential terminology including memory, data types and graphical user interface interface. 3. Apply object oriented programming techniques to create classes, add methods and add properties. 4. create a simple VB.NET based Web forms application that uses an XML Web Service and manipulate data in database by using Microsoft ADO.NET.

Topic3.0 CommonProgrammingTechniques 3.2 ControlStructures

Introduction
VB.NethasstatementssuchasIf..Then..else andSelect.Case,whichhelpyouto conditionallyexecuteprogram.

If/Then
TheIf.Then.ElseEndifStatement TheIf/Then selectionstructureperformsan indicatedactiononlywhenthecondition evaluatestotrue;otherwise,theactionis evaluates to true; otherwise the action is skipped.

IfElse
Considerastudentmarksandgrade evaluation.ForMarksabove75thegradeisA andforbelow75isB.Inthissituationwhen youneedtoexecutesomecodebasedon you need to execute some code based on somecondition,youcanmakeuseof, Ifthenelseendif.
If(Condition) Then Statementsexecutedifconditionistrue Else Statementsexecutedifconditionisfalse EndIf WecanalsohaveElseIfblockinIfElsestatements

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NestingIFThenConstructs
Ifcondition Then
Ifcondition2Then Executablestatementswhenthecondition2isTRUE Else ExecutableStatements Endif

Else Executablestatements EndIf

ORusingElseifforAdvancedDecision making; IfconditionThen Executablestatements bl ElseIfconditionThen Executablestatements EndIf

Remember
Oneimportantthingtokeepinmindwhen nestingIFThenconstructsisthatyoumust havecorrespondingEndIfstatementfor everyIF..Thenstatement,unlesstheIfthen every IF Then statement unless the If then statementexecutesonlyonestatementand thatstatementappearsonthesamelineas IfThen

TheSelectCaseStatement(
TheSelectCase Statementissimilarto IfElseEndif. Theonlydifferencebetween twoisthatIfandelseifcanevaluatedifferent i h f d l if l diff expressionsineachstatement,butthe Selectstatementcanevaluateonlyone expression.

Note:
TheSelectusestheresultofanexpressionto executedifferentsetofstatements.
Select Case [expression] Case [expression list] Executable statements. Case Else Executable statements. Exit Select - to exit from the select End Select

CaseElseisusedtodefinethecodethat executesonlywhentheexpressiondoesnt evaluatetoanyofthevaluesinCase Statements. Statements UseofCaseElseisoptional

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Example
SelectCasevar Case1 stmt1 //executedifvar=1 Case2 Case 2 stmt2 //executedifvar=2 CaseElse stmt3 //executedifvarisotherthan1and2 EndSelect

Example
SelectCaseintmarks CaseIs>35 Executablestatements CaseIs>50 Executablestatements CaseIs>65 Executablestatements CaseIs>75 Executablestatements CaseElse Executablestatements EndSelect

EvaluatingMorethanonepossible ValueinaCaseStatement
SelectCasehelpsyoutousesomemore advancedexpressioncomparisons.Like,you canspecifymultiplecomparisonsinaSingle Casestatementbyjustusingcomma. Case statement by just using comma

Example
SelectCasestrColor CaseIs=Red,Blue,Magenta ColorisaDarkShade CaseIs=Cream,white ColorisaCoolShade EndSelect

Example
Anothercomparisonexpressionusedis keywordTo,VisualBasic.NETevaluatesthe expressionandfindsoutwhetheritisinthe rangementionedandifyestheStatementis range mentioned and if yes the Statement is executed. PleasenotethatwhenusingTo,youcant includeIs=asyoucanwiththe simpleexpression SelectCaseintmarks Case1to35 Executablestatements Case36to50 ExecutableStatements EndSelect

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Introduction
LoopingisaveryusefulfeatureofVisualBasic becauseitmakesrepetitiveworkseasier. Thereareseveraltypeofloopingstructurein VisualBasic.NETLoopallowsyoutorepeatan actionforanumberoftimesoruntila specifiedconditionismatched

Looping
VB.Netprovidesyouwithvariouslooping statements,suchasDoLoop,While. EndWhile,andForNext.

ForNext
TheForNextStatementsareusedrepeata setofstatementsforspecificnumberof times. S Syntax
Forcounter=<startvalue>to<endvalue>[StepValue] ExecutableStatements ExitFor Next[counter]

Explaination
Counterisanynumericvalue. Startvalueistheinitialvalueofthecounter. Endvalueis StepValueisthevaluebywhichthecounteris incremented.Itcanbepositiveornegative. Thedefaultvalueis1.

Example
ExitForisusedtoexittheForNextloopatany time.WhenExitforisencountered ,theexecutionjumpstothestatementfollowingNext Next is the statement the marks the end of the For NextisthestatementthemarkstheendoftheFor statement. AssoonastheprogramencounterstheNext statement,thestepvalueisaddedtothecounter andthenextiterationofthelooptakesplace.

DimintctrasInteger Forintctr=1to100 Debug.WriteLine(intctr) Nextintctr

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STEPinFor....Loop.
Dimj=1 Fori=2To20Step2
Me.lbtables.Text= Me.lbtables.Text&"2X"& j.ToString&"="&i.ToString j T St i & " " & i T St i &vbCrLf

ForEachNextStatement
TheForEachNextStatementisusedto repeatasetofstatementsforeachelement inanarrayorcollection. The For Each Next statement is executed if TheForEachNextstatementisexecutedif thereisatleastoneiteminanarrayof collection. TheLooprepeatsofeachelementinanarray orcollection.

j=j+1 Next

Output: 2X1=2 .. .. .. .. 2 X 10 = 20

Syntax
ThesyntaxfortheForEachNextstatement asfollows: ForEachComponentInSet Executablestatements bl Next
Componentisthevariableusedtorefertotheelementsofan arrayoracollection. Setreferstoanarrayoranycollectionobject

Dimweeks()AsString={"Monday","Tuesday", "Wednesday","Thursday",_ "Friday","Saturday","Sunday"} DimeachdayAsString i hd S i ForEacheachdayInweeks MsgBox(eachday) Next

WhileEndStatement
TheWhileEndStatementisusedtorepeat setofexecutablestatementsaslongasthe conditionistrue.

Syntax
ThesyntaxfortheWhileEndstatementisas follows: WhileCondition ExecutableStatements bl S EndWhile
Inthisiftheconditionissatisfiedthenthestatementsare executed.ElseitwillnotentertheWhileconditionatall.

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Do...LoopStatement
TheDoLoopStatementissimilarto WhileEnd.Twotypesofformattingtheloop. a)DoWhile/UntilConditionExecutable StatementsLoop Statements Loop b)DoExecutableStatementsLoopWhile/Until Condition

Difference
TheDifferenceis: a)Theloopwillbeexecutediftheconditionis satisfied,butin b)TheLoopwillbeexecutedatleastonceeven b) h ill b d l iftheconditiondoesnotsatisfy.

ForLoop
DoWhileExpression [Statements] Loop DoUntilExpression [Statements] Loop AForloopiteratesacertainnumberoftimes, thevalueofthecountervariablechanging eachiteration. Aforloophasthefollowingsyntax:
Forcounter=starttoend[stepincrement] statements Next

InexecutingaFOR..NEXTloop,VisualBasic completedthefollowingstep
Setscounterequaltostart. Teststoseeifcounterisgreaterthanend,soitexit theloopifcounterislessthanend.ifitis,itexits theloop. Executesthestatementinblock. Repeatsthestatements

ExampleshowstheFORloop:
DimiAsInteger Fori=1To10 Console.WriteLine(i) Next

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DoUntilLoop
ADo...LoopUntilloopisaloopthatrunsuntil theloop'sconditionistrue,thecondition beingcheckedaftereachiterationoftheloop Syntax: Do statements LoopUntilcondition ExampleshowstheDO..Untilloop:
'DO..UNTILloopinVB.NET DoUntili>10 Console.WriteLine(i) i=i+1 Loop

Do..LoopWhileLoop
ADo...LoopWhilelooprunsuntiltheloop's conditionbecomesfalse.Itsconditionis checkedaftereachiterationoftheloop. Syntax Do statements LoopWhilecondition ExampleShowstheDOwhileLoop: 'DO..LOOPWHILEinVB.NET Do Console.WriteLine(i) Console WriteLine(i) i=i+1 LoopWhilei<10

WhileEndWhileLoop
TheWhile...End Whileloopexecutesablockof statementaslongasconditionistrue. TheWhileloophasthefollowingsyntax: Whilecondition statementblock EndWhile ExampleshowstheWhile...EndWhileloop: 'While...EndWhileloopinVB.NET Whilei<10 Console.WriteLine(i) Console WriteLine(i) i=i+1 EndWhile

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ForLoop
For<<var>>=startToendStep<<val>> Statements Next Eg ForI=1To10Step2 Console.WriteLine(I) Next Herethevaluesprintedwillbe1,3,5,7,9

DoWhileLoop
1. DoWhile(a<>0) Console.Writeline(a) a=a 1 Loop 2.Do Console.Writeline(a) a=a 1 LoopWhile(a<>0)

DoUntilLoop
1. DoUntil(a=0) Console.Writeline(a) a=a 1 Loop 2.Do Console.Writeline(a) a=a 1 LoopUntil(a=0)