General Information I

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02 K
Carbon steel and alloy steel for structural use
XC10
-
C22
C22E
C22R
C25
C25E
C25R
C30
C30E
C30R
C35
C35E
C35R
C40
C40E
C40R
-
C45
C45E
C45R
-
C50
C50E
C50R
-
C55
C55E
C55R
C60
C60E
C60R
-
-
-
-
30
35
40
40
45
45
50
50
-
60
SM10C
SM15C
SM20C
SM25C
SM30C
SM35C
SM40C
SM43C
SM45C
SM48C
SM50C
SM53C
SM55C
SM58C
C10
C15E4
C15M2
-
C25
C25E4
C25M2
C30
C30E4
C30M2
C35
C35E4
C35M2
C40
C40E4
C40M2
-
C45
C45E4
C45M2
-
C50
C50E4
C50M2
-
C55
C55E4
C55M2
C60
C60E4
C60M2
S10C
S15C
S20C
S25C
S30C
S35C
S40C
S43C
S45C
S458C
S50C
S53C
S55C
S58C
040A10
045A10
045M10
055M15
070M20
C22, C22E
C22R
C25
C25E
C25R
080A30
080M30
CC30
C30E
C30R
C35
C35E
C35R
080M40
C40
C40E
C40R
080A42
C45
C45E
C45R
080A47
080M50
C50
C50E
C50R
-
070M55
C55
C55E
C55R
C60
C60E
C60R
C10E
C10R
C15E
C15R
C22
C22E
C22R
C25
C25E
C25R
C30
C30E
C30R
C35
C35E
C35R
C40
C40E
C40R
-
C45
C45E
C45R
-
C50
C50E
C50R
-
C55
C55E
C55R
C60
C60E
C60R
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1039
1040
1042
1043
1045
1046
-
1049
1050
1053
1055
1059
1060
Korea
Type
Carbon steel
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
AISI
SAE
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
Nickel
chromium
steel
Nickel
chromium
molybdenum
steel
Chromium
steel
SNC236
SNC415(H)
SNC631(H)
SNC815(H)
SNC836
SNCM220
SNCM240
SNCM415
SNCM420(H)
SNCM431
SNCM439
SNCM447
SNCM616
SNCM625
SNCM630
SNCM815
SCr415(H)
SCr420(H)
SCr430(H)
SCr435(H)
SCr440(H)
SCr445(H)
-
-
-
15NiCr13
-
20NiCrMo2
20NiCrMoS2
41CrNiMo2
41CrNiMoS2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20Cr4(H)
20CrS4
34Cr4
34CrS4
34Cr4
34CrS4
37Cr4
37CrS4
37Cr4
37CrS4
41Cr4
41CrS4
SNC236
SNC415(H)
SNC631(H)
SNC815(H)
SNC836
SNCM220
SNCM240
SNCM415
SNCM420(H)
SNCM431
SNCM439
SNCM447
SNCM616
SNCM625
SNCM630
SNCM815
SCr415(H)
SCr420(H)
SCr430(H)
SCr435(H)
SCr440(H)
SCr445(H)
-
-
-
655M13(655H13)
-
805A20
805M20
805A22
805M22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34Cr4
34CrS4
37Cr4
37CrS4
530M40
41Cr4
41CrS4
-
-
-
15NiCr13
-
20NiCrMo2
20NiCrMoS2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17Cr3
17CrS3
-
34Cr4
34CrS4
37Cr4
37CrS4
41Cr4
41CrS4
-
-
-
-
-
20NCD2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34Cr4
34CrS4
37Cr4
37CrS4
41Cr4
41CrS4
40XH
-
30XH3A
-
-
-
-
-
20XH2M(20XHM)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15X
15XA
20X
30X
35X
40X
45X
Alloy
steel
-
-
-
-
-
8615
8617(H)
8620(H)
8622(H)
8637
8640
-
4320(H)
-
4340
-
-
-
-
-
-
5120(H)
5130(H)
5132(H)
5135(H)
5140(H)
Great Britain Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
AISI
SAE
General Information I
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03 K
Tool steel
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
SCM415(H)
SCM418(H)
SCM420(H)
SCM430
SCM432
SCM435(H)
SCM440(H)
SCM445(H)
SMn420(H)
SMn433(H)
SMn438(H)
SMn443(H)
SMnC420(H)
SMnC443(H)
SACM645
-
18CrMo4
18CrMoS4
-
-
-
34CrMo4
34CrMoS4
42CrMo4
42CrMoS4
-
22Mn6(H)
-
36Mn6(H)
42Mn6(H)
-
-
41CrAlMo74
SCM415(H)
SCM418(H)
SCM420(H)
SCM430
SCM432
SCM435(H)
SCM440(H)
SCM445(H)
SMn420(H)
SMn433(H)
SMn438(H)
SMn443(H)
SMnC420(H)
SMnC443(H)
SACM645
-
-
708M20(708H20)
-
-
34CrMo4
34CrMoS4
708M70
709M40
42CrMo4
42CrMoS4
-
150M19
150M36
150M36
-
-
-
-
-
18CrMo4
18CrMoS4
-
-
-
34CrMo4
34CrMoS4
42CrMo4
42CrMoS4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34CrMo4
34CrMoS4
42CrMo4
42CrMoS4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20XM
20XM
30XM
30XMA
-
35XM
-
-
-
302
352
352
402
402
452
-
-
-
Allo
y
steel
-
-
-
4130
-
(4135H)
4137(H)
4140(H)
4142(H)
4145(H)
4147(H)
1522(H)
1534
1541(H)
1541(H)
-
-
-
France
"NFNF/EN"
Z 85 WDCV
6-5-2-5
105WC13
Z200C12
Z100CDV5
Z30WCV9
Z40CDV5
55NCDV7
SKH2
SKH3
SKH4
SKH10
SKH51
SKH52
SKH53
SKH54
SKH55
SKH56
SKH57
SKH58
SKH59
STS11
STS2
STS21
STS5
STS51
STS7
STS8
STS4
STS41
STS43
STS44
STS3
STS31
STS93
STS94
STS95
STD1
STD11
STD12
STD4
STD5
STD6
STD61
STD62
STD7
STD8
STF3
STF4
HS18-0-1
-
-
-
HS6-5-2
HS6-6-2
HS6-5-3
HS6-5-4
HS6-5-2-5
-
HS10-4-3-10
HS2-9-2
HS2-9-1-8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
105V
-
-
105WCr1
-
-
-
210Cr12
-
100CrMoV5
-
X30WCrV9-3
X37CrMoV5-1
X40CrMoV5-1
X35CrWMoV5
32CrMoV12-28
-
-
55NiCrMoV7
SKH2
SKH3
SKH4
SKH10
SKH51
SKH52
SKH53
SKH54
SKH55
SKH56
SKH57
SKH58
SKH59
SKS11
SKS2
SKS21
SKS5
SKS51
SKS7
SKS8
SKS4
SKS41
SKS43
SKS44
SKS3
SKS31
SKS93
SKS94
SKS95
SKD1
SKD11
SKD12
SKD4
SKD5
SKD6
SKD61
SKD62
SKD7
SKD8
SKT3
SKT4
BM 2
BM 35
BD3
BA2
BH21
BH13
Germany
S6/5/2
S6/5/2/5
S2/9/2
105WCr6
X210Cr12
X100CrMoV5 1
X30WCrV9 3
X40CrMoV5 1
55NiCrMoV6
T1
T4
T5
T15
M2
M3-1
M3-2
M4
M 35
M36
-
M7
M42
F2
-
-
-
L6
-
-
-
-
W2-9 1/2
W2-8 1-2
-
-
-
-
-
D3
D2
A2
-
H21
H11
H13
H12
H10
H19
-
L6
High speed steel
Alloy tool steel
Chromium
molybdenum
steel
Manganese
steel and
Manganese
chromium
steel
Aluminum
chromium
molybdenum
steel
AISI
SAE
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
AISI
SAE
04 K
Stainless steel
Special use steel
S250
S250Pb
S 300
S300Pb
100Cr6
SUM11
SUM12
SUM21
SUM22
SUM22L
SUM23
SUM23L
SUM24L
SUM25
SUM31
SUM31L
SUM32
SUM41
SUM42
SUM43
STB1
STB2
STB3
STB4
STB5
-
-
9S20
11SMn28
11SMnPb28
-
-
11SMnPb28
12SMn35
-
-
-
-
-
44SMn28
-
B1
B2
-
-
SUM11
SUM12
SUM21
SUM22
SUM22L
SUM23
SUM23L
SUM24L
SUM25
SUM31
SUM31L
SUM32
SUM41
SUM42
SUM43
SUJ1
SUJ2
SUJ3
SUJ4
SUJ5
230M07
240M07
534A99
9SMn28
9SMnPb28
9SMn36
9SMnPb36
100Cr6
1110
1109
1212
1213
12L13
1215
-
12L14
-
1117
-
-
1137
1141
1144
-
52100
ASTM A
485
Grade 1
-
-
Free cutting
carbon steel
High carbon
chromiom
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
AISI
SAE
Z12CMN17-07Az
Z11CN17-08
Z12CN18-09
Z8CNF18-09
Z7CN18-09
Z3CN19-11
Z6CN19-09Az
Z3CN18-10Az
Z8CN18-12
Z10CN24-13
Z8CN25-20
Z7CND17-12-02
Z6CND18-12-03
Z3CND17-12-02
Z3CND17-12-03
Z6CNT18-10
Z6CNNb18-10
Z6CN18-16
Z8CA12
Z3C14
Z8C17
Z8CF17
Z8CD17-01
Z3CDT18-02
Z1CD26-01
Z13C13
Z11CF13
Z20C13
Z15CN16-02
Z70C15
Z6CNU17-04
Z9CNA17-07
12X17 9AH4
07X16H6
12X18H9
12X18H10E
08X18H10
03X18H11
06X18H11
10X23H18
03X17H14M3
08X18H10T
08X18H12
12X17
20X13
20X17H2
09X17H7IO
STS201
STS202
STS301
STS301L
STS301J1
STS302
STS302B
STS303
STS303Se
STS303Cu
STS304
STS304L
STS304N1
STS304LN
STS304J1
STS305
STS309S
STS310S
SUS316
STS316L
STS316N
STS317
STS321
STS347
STS384
STS405
STS410L
STS429
STS430
STS430F
STS434
STS444
STSXM27
STS403
STS410
STS416
STS420J1
STS431
STS440A
STS630
STS631
STS631J1
X12CrMnNiN17-7-5
X12CrMnNiN18-9-5
X10CrNi18-8
X2CrNiN18-7
X12CrNiSi18-9-3
X10CrNiS18-9
X5CrNi18-9
X2CrNi18-9
X2CrNi19-11
X5CrNiN18-8
X2CrNiN18-8
X6CrNi18-12
X6CrNi25-20
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
X3CrNiMo17-12-3
X2CrNiMo17-12-2
X2CrNiMo17-12-3
X2CrNiMo18-14-3
X6CrNiTi18-10
X6CrNiNb18-10
X3NiCr18-16
X6CrAl13
X6Cr17
X7CrS17
X6CrMo17-1
X2CrMoTi18-2
X12Cr13
X12CrS13
X20Cr13
X19CrNi16-2
X70CrMo15
X5CrNiCuNb16-4
X7CrNiAl17-7
SUS201
SUS202
SUS301
SUS301L
SUS301J1
SUS302
SUS302B
SUS303
SUS303Se
SUS303Cu
SUS304
SUS304L
SUS304N1
SUS304LN
SUS304J1
SUS305
SUS309S
SUS310S
SUS316
SUS316L
SUS316N
SUS317
SUS321
SUS347
SUS384
SUS405
SUS410L
SUS429
SUS430
SUS430F
SUS434
SUS444
SUSXM27
SUS403
SUS410
SUS416
SUS420J1
SUS431
SUS440A
SUS630
SUS631
SUS631J1
284S16
301S21
302S25
303S21
303S41
304S31
304S11
305S19
310S31
316S31
316S11
317S16
321S31
347S31
405S17
430S17
434S17
410S21
416S21
420S29
431S29
X12CrNi17-7
X2CrNiN18-7
X12CrNi17-7
X10CrNiS18-9
X5CrNi18-10
X2CrNi19-11
X2CrNiN18-10
X5CrNi18-12
X5CrNiMo27-12-2
X5CrNiMo27-13-3
X2CrNiMo17-13-2
X2CrNiMo17-14-3
X6CrNiTi18-10
X6CrNiNb18-10
X6CrAl13
X6Cr17
X7CrS18
X6CrMo17-1
X10Cr13
X20Cr13
X20CrNi17-2
X7CrNiAl17-7
S20100
S20200
S30100
S30200
S30215
S30300
S30323
S30400
S30403
S30451
S30453
S30500
S30908
S31008
S31600
S31603
S31651
S31700
S32100
S34700
S38400
S40500
S42900
S43000
S43020
S43400
S44400
S44627
S40300
S41000
S41600
S42000
S43100
S44002
S17400
S17700
201
202
301
302
302B
303
303Se
304
304L
304N
304LN
305
309S
310S
316
316L
316N
317
321
347
384
405
429
430
430F
434
444
403
410
416
420
431
440A
S17400
S17700
Stainless
steel
Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic
Precipitation
hardening
type
AISI
SAE
UNS
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
General Information I
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05 K
Casting or forging steel
Non-ferrous alloy
Ft 10 D
Ft 15 D
Ft 20 D
Ft 25 D
Ft 30 D
Ft 35 D
Ft 40 D
FCS 400-12
FGS 370-17
FGS 500-7
FGS 600-3
FGS 700-2
EN-GJS-
L-, S-
-
B
-
-
GC100
GC150
GC200
GC250
GC300
GC350
GCD400
GCD500
GCD600
GCD700
FCAD
FCA-
FCDA-
FC100
FC150
FC200
FC250
FC300
FC350
FCD400
FCD500
FCD600
FCD700
FCAD
FCA-
FCDA-
Grade 150
Grade 220
Grade 260
Grade 300
Grade 350
Grade 400
SNG 420/12
SNG 370/17
SNG 500/7
SNG 600/3
SNG 700/2
EN-GJS-
F1, F2,
S2W, S5S
GG 10
GG 15
GG 20
GG 25
GG 30
GG 35
GG 40
GGG 40
GGG 40.3
GGG 50
GGG 60
GGG 70
EN-GJS-
GGL-, GGG-
No 20 B
No 25 B
No 30 B
No 35 B
No 45 B
No 50 B
No 55 B
60-40-18
80-55-06
100-70-03
-
Type 1, 2,
Type D-2, D-3A
Class 1, 2
Castin
g
Iron
Austempered
Spheroidal
graphite iron
casting
Austenitic
iron casting
Gray iron
casting
Spheroidal
graphite iron
casting
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
AISI
SAE
Heat resistant steel
100,150, 200, 250,
300, 350
700-2, 600-3, 500-
7,
450-10, 400-15,
400-18, 350-22
-
L-, S-
A-U5GT
-
-
-
-
-
A-S7G
-
-
A-U4NT
-
A-S12UNG
A-S10UG
A-S10UG
-
A-S18UNG
A-S13
A-S9G
A-G6
A-G3T
-
-
-
-
-
EN AW-5052
EN AW-5454
EN AW-5083
EN AW-5086
EN AW-6061
EN AW-6063
EN AW-7003
-
EN AW-7075
AC1B
AC2A
AC2B
AC3A
AC4A
AC4B
AC4C
AC4CH
AC4D
AC5A
AC7A
AC8A
AC8B
AC8C
AC9A
AC9B
ALDC1
ALDC2
ALDC3
ALDC4
ALDC7
ALDC7Z
ALDC8
ALDC8Z
ALDC9
A5052S
A5454S
A5083S
A5086S
A6061S
A6063S
A7003S
A7N01S
A7075S
Al-Cu4MgTi
-
-
-
-
-
Al-Si7Mg(Fe)
Al-Si7Mg
Al-Si5Cu1Mg
Al-Cu4Ni2Mg2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al-Si12CuFe
-
-
-
Al-Si8Cu3Fe
Al-Si8Cu3Fe
-
-
-
-
-
AlMg4.5Mn0.7
-
AlMg1SiCu
AlMg0.7Si
-
-
AlZn5.5MgCu
AC1B
AC2A
AC2B
AC3A
AC4A
AC4B
AC4C
AC4CH
AC4D
AC5A
AC7A
AC8A
AC8B
AC8C
AC9A
AC9B
ADC1
ADC3
ADC5
ADC6
ADC10
ADC10Z
ADC12
ADC12Z
ADC14
A5052S
A5454S
A5083S
A5086S
A6061S
A6063S
A7003S
A7N01S
A7075S
-
-
-
LM-6
-
-
LM-25
-
LM-16
-
LM-5
LM-13
LM-26
-
LM-29
-
LM20
-
-
-
-
LM24
LM2
LM2
LM30
EN AW-5052
EN AW-5454
EN AW-5083
EN AW-5086
EN AW-6061
EN AW-6063
EN AW-7003
-
EN AW-7075
-
-
-
-
G(GK)-AlSi9Cu3
-
G(GK)-AlSi7MG
-
-
G(GK)-AlMg5
-
-
-
-
-
GD-AlSi12 (Cu)
GD-AlSi10Mg
GD-AlMg9
-
GD-AlSi9Cu3
GD-AlSi9Cu3
-
-
-
EN AW-5052
EN AW-5454
EN AW-5083
EN AW-5086
EN AW-6061
EN AW-6063
EN AW-7003
-
EN AW-7075
204.0
-
319.0
-
-
-
356.0
A356.0
355.0
242.0
514.0
-
-
-
-
-
A413.0
A360.0
518.0
-
A380.0
A380.0
383.0
383.0
B390.0
5052
5454
5083
5086
6061
6063
-
-
7075
Aluminum
alloy ingots
for casting
Aluminum
alloy die
casting
Aluminum
alloy
extruded
shapes
Z35CNWS14-14
Z52CMN21-09-Az
Z55CMN21-09-Az
Z15CN24-13
Z15CN25-20
Z12NCS35-16
Z6NCTV25-20
Z6CT12
Z3CT12
Z12C25
Z45CS9
Z40CSD10
Z80CSN20-02
20X25H20C2
15X28
40X10C2M
40X9C2
20X12BHMP
STR31
STR35
STR36
STR37
STR38
STR309
STR310
STR330
STR660
STR661
STR21
STR409
STR409L
STR446
STR1
STR3
STR4
STR11
STR600
STR616
X6CrTi12
X2CrTi12
SUH31
SUH35
SUH36
SUH37
SUH38
SUH309
SUH310
SUH330
SUH660
SUH661
SUH21
SUH409
SUH409L
SUH446
SUH1
SUH3
SUH4
SUH11
SUH600
SUH616
331S42
349S52
349S54
381S34
309S24
310S24
409S19
401S45
443S65
X53CrMnNi21-9
CrNi2520
CrAl1205
X6CrTi12
X45CrSi9-3
S63008
S63017
S30900
S31000
N08330
S66286
R30155
S40900
S44600
S65007
S42200
309
310
N08330
409
446
Heat
resistant
steel
Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic
Alumin
um
alloy
AISI
SAE
UNS
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
Korea
Type
KS
ISO
ISO
Japan
JIS
U.S.A Great Britain
BS
BS/EN
Germany
DIN
DIN/EN
France
NF
NF/EN
Russia
OCT
AISI
SAE
General Information I
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06 K
Comparison of workpiece material standards
Steel, Non-ferrous metal symbol list
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GROUP
Structural
Steel
Steel
Plate
Steel
Pipe
Iron
and
Steel
Tool
steel
Stainles
s
steel
Heat
resisting
steel
Forged
steel
Cast
iron
Cast
steel
STANDARD TERM CODE GROUP
Casting
STANDARD TERM CODE
Rolled Steel for Welded Suructure
Rerolled Steel
Rolled Steel for General Structure
Light Gauge Steel for General Structure
Hot- rolled Steel Plate, Sheet/Strip for Automobile Structural Use
Cold-rolled Steel Sheet/Strip
Hot-rolled Soft Steel Sheet/Strip
Carbon Steel Pipe for Ordinary Piping
Carbon Steel Pipe for Boiler and Heat Exchanger
Seamless Steel Pipe for High Pressure Gas Cylinder
Carbon Steel Pipe for General Structural Use
Carbon Steel Pipe for Machine Structural Use
Alloy Steel Pipe for Structural Use
Stainless Steel Pipe for Machine and Structural Use
Carbon Steel Square Pipe for General Structural Use
Alloy Steel Pipe
Carbon Steel Pipe for Pressure Service
Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service
Carbon Steel Pipe for High Pressure Service
Stainless Steel Pipe
Carbon Steel for Machine Structural Use
Aluminum Chromium Molybdenum Steel
Chromium Molybdenum Steel
Chromium Steel
Nickel Chromium Steel
Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel
Manganese Steel and manganese Chromium Steel for Machine Structural Use
Carbon Tool Steel
Hollow Drill Steel
Alloy Tool Steel
High Speed Tool Steel
Free Cutting Carbon Steel
High Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel
Spring Steel
Stainless Steel Bar
Heat Resisting Steel
Heat Resisting Steel Bar
Heat Resisting Steel Sheet
SWS
SBR
SB
SBC
SAPH
SBC
SHP
SPP
STH
STHG
SPS
STST
STA
STS-TK
SPSR
SPA
SPPS
SPSR
SPPH
STSxT
SMxxC, SMxxCK
SACM
SCM
SBCR
SNC
SNCM
SMn
STC
STC
STS, STD, STT
SKH
SUM
STB
SPS
STS
STR
STR
STR
SF
SFCM
SFNCM
GC
GCD
BMC
WMC
PMC
SC
HSC
SSC
HRSC
HMnSC
SCPH
BsC
HBsC
BrC
PCB
AIBC
ACxA
MgC
ZnDC
AIDC
MgDC
WM
AM
KM
Carbon Steel Forging
Chromium Molybdenum Steel Forging
Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel Forging
Gray Cast iron
Spheroidal Graphite Cast iron
Blackheart Malleable Cast iron
Whiteheat Malleable Cast iron
Pearlitic Malleable Cast iron
Carbon Cast Steel
High Tensile Strength Carbon Cast Steel&Low Alloy Cast Steel
Stainless Cast Steel
Heat Resisting Cast Steel
High Manganese Cast Steel
Cast Steel for High Temperature and High Pressure Service
Brass Casting
High Strength Brass Casting
Bronze Casting
Phosphoric Bronze Casting
Aluminum Bronze Casting
Aluminum Alloy Casting
Magnesium Alloy Casting
Zinc Alloy Die Casting
Aluminum Alloy Die Casting
Magnesium Alloy Die Casting
White Metal
Aluminum Alloy Casting for Bearing
Brass Alloy Casting for Bearing
1.0197210
-1
1.0197210
2
1
7.510
1.1857210
-1
110
-3
1
110
3
110
2
9.8066510
1
9.80665
110
-5
07 K
Major SI unit conversion table
SI unit conversion table

Specific heat
1
110
6
9.8066510
6
9.8066510
4
9.80665
110
-6
1
9.80665
9.8066510
-2
9.8066510
-6
1.0197210
-7
1.0197210
-1
1
110
-2
110
-6
1.0197210
-5
1.0197210
110
2
1
110
-4
1.0197210
-1
1.0197210
5
110
6
110
4
1
N
Pa or N/m
2
MPa or N/mm
2
kgf/mm
2
kgf/cm
2
kgf/m
2
J/(kgK) kcal/(kgC) cal/(gC)
kgf dyn
1.0197210
-1
1
1.0197210
-6
110
-5
9.8066510
5
1
1
4.1860510
3
2.3888910
-4
1

Thermal conductivity
W/(mk) kcal/(hmC)
1
1.16279
8.600010
-1
1

Force
1
60
min
-1
s
-1
r.p.m.
0.0167
1
1
60

Revolution per minute

Stress
1
110
3
110
6
110
5
9.8066510
4
110
-6
110
-3
1
110
-1
9.8066510
-2
110
-5
110
-2
110
1
9.8066510
-1
1.0197210
-5
1.0197210
-2
1.0197210
1.01972
1
Pa kPa MPa bar kgf/cm
2
1
110
3
9.81
7.35510
2
1.162 79
110
-3
1
9.8066510
-3
7.35510
-1
1.1627910
-3
1.3596210
-3
1.359 62
1.3333310
-2
1
1.5809510
-3
0.860
8.6000010
2
8.433 71
6.3252910
2
1
W kW kgfm/s PS kcal/h

Power
1
3.6000010
6
9.80665
4.1860510
3
2.7777810
-7
1
2.7240710
-6
1.1627910
-3
1.0197210
-1
3.6709810
5
1
4.2685810
2
2.3888910
-4
8.6000010
2
2.3427010
-3
1
J kWh kgfm kcal

Work, Energy, Calorie

Pressure
General Information I
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320
310
300
295
290
285
280
275
270
265
260
255
250
245
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
95
90
85
940 - - 85.6 - 68.0 76.9 97
920 - - 85.3 - 67.5 76.5 96
900 - - 85.0 - 67.0 76.1 95
880 - (767) 84.7 - 66.4 75.7 93
860 - (757) 84.4 - 65.9 75.3 92
840 - (745) 84.1 - 65.3 74.8 91
820 - (733) 83.8 - 64.7 74.3 90
800 - (722) 83.4 - 64.0 74.8 88
780 - (710) 83.0 - 63.3 73.3 87
760 - (698) 82.6 - 62.5 72.6 86
740 - (684) 82.2 - 61.8 72.1 84
720 - (670) 81.8 - 61.0 71.5 83
700 - (656) 81.3 - 60.1 70.8 81
690 - (647) 81.1 - 59.7 70.5 -
680 - (638) 80.8 - 59.2 70.1 80
670 - 630 80.6 - 58.8 69.8 -
660 - 620 80.3 - 58.3 69.4 79
650 - 611 80.0 - 57.8 69.0 -
640 - 601 79.8 - 57.3 68.7 77
630 - 591 79.5 - 56.8 68.3 -
620 - 582 79.2 - 56.3 67.9 75
610 - 573 78.9 - 55.7 67.5 -
600 - 564 78.6 - 55.2 67.0 74
590 - 554 78.4 - 54.7 66.7 - 2055
580 - 545 78.0 - 54.1 66.2 72 2020
570 - 535 77.8 - 53.6 65.8 - 1985
560 - 525 77.4 - 53.0 65.4 71 1950
550 (505) 517 77.0 - 52.3 64.8 - 1905
540 (496) 507 76.7 - 51.7 64.4 69 1860
530 (488) 497 76.4 - 51.1 63.9 - 1825
520 (480) 488 76.1 - 50.5 63.5 67 1795
510 (473) 479 75.7 - 49.8 62.9 - 1750
500 (465) 471 75.3 - 49.1 62.2 66 1705
490 (456) 460 74.9 - 48.4 61.6 - 1660
480 488 452 74.5 - 47.7 61.3 64 1620
470 441 442 74.1 - 46.9 60.7 - 1570
460 433 433 73.6 - 46.1 60.1 62 1530
450 425 425 73.3 - 45.3 59.4 - 1495
440 415 415 72.8 - 44.5 58.8 59 1460
430 405 405 72.3 - 43.6 58.2 - 1410
420 397 397 71.8 - 42.7 57.5 57 1370
410 388 388 71.4 - 41.8 56.8 - 1330
100 379 379 70.8 - 40.8 56.0 55 1290
390 369 369 70.3 - 39.8 55.2 - 1240
380 360 360 69.8 (100.0) 38.8 54.4 52 1205
370 350 350 69.2 - 39.9 53.6 - 1170
360 341 341 68.7 (109.0) 36.6 52.8 50 1130
350 331 331 68.1 - 35.5 51.9 - 1095
340 322 322 67.6 (108.0) 34.4 51.1 47 1070
330 313 313 67.0 - 33.3 50.2 - 1035
08 K
303
294
284
280
275
270
265
261
256
252
247
243
238
233
228
219
209
200
190
181
171
162
152
143
133
124
114
105
95
90
86
81
303
294
284
280
275
270
265
261
256
252
247
243
238
233
228
219
209
200
190
181
171
162
152
143
133
124
114
105
95
90
86
81
66.4
65.8
65.2
64.8
64.5
64.2
63.8
63.5
63.1
62.7
62.4
62.0
61.6
61.2
60.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(107.0)
-
(105.5)
-
(104.5)
-
(103.5)
-
(102.0)
-
(101.0)
-
99.5
-
98.1
96.7
95.0
93.4
91.5
89.5
87.1
85.0
81.7
78.7
75.0
71.2
66.7
62.3
56.2
52.0
48.0
41.0
32.2
31.0
29.8
29.2
28.5
27.8
27.1
26.4
25.6
24.8
24.0
23.1
22.2
21.3
20.3
(18.0)
(15.7)
(13.4)
(11.0)
(8.5)
(6.0)
(3.0)
(0.0)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
49.4
48.4
47.5
47.1
46.5
46.0
45.3
44.9
44.3
43.7
43.1
42.2
41.7
41.1
40.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
42
-
41
-
40
-
38
-
37
-
36
-
34
33
32
30
29
28
26
25
24
22
21
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
1005
980
950
935
915
905
890
875
855
840
825
805
795
780
765
730
695
670
635
605
580
545
515
490
455
425
390
-
-
-
-
-
Note1.) Gothic number is ASTM E 1 in the list 140
Note2.) 1. 1MPa=1N/
2. The number In the blank is not generally used ranges.
Work piece hardness calculating table
Hardness calculating table
320
310
300
295
290
285
280
275
270
265
260
255
250
245
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
95
90
85
General Information I
Rockwell
Brinell,
3000kgf HB
Vickers
50kgf
HV HS MPa(1)
A scale
60kgf
Diamond
particle
HRA
B scale
100kgf
1/16in ball
HRB
C scale
150kgf
Diamond
particle
HRC
D scale
100kgf
Diamond
particle
HRD
Shore
Tensile
strength
(approximate
value)
Cemented
carbide
ball
10
Standard
ball
10
Rockwell
Brinell,
3000kgf HB
Vickers
50kgf
HS MPa(1)
A scale
60kgf
Diamond
particle
HRA
B scale
100kgf
1/16in ball
HRB
C scale
150kgf
Diamond
particle
HRC
D scale
100kgf
Diamond
particle
HRD
Shore
Tensile
strength
(approximate
value)
Cemented
carbide
ball
10
Standard
ball
10
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P01 ST05 10.6 92.7 140 440 - - -
P10 ST10 10.0 92.1 175 460 48 6.2 25
P20 ST20 11.8 91.9 200 480 56 5.2 42
P30 ST30A 12.2 91.3 230 500 53 5.2 -
M10 U10 12.9 92.4 170 500 47 - -
M20 U20 13.1 91.1 210 500 - - 88
M30 ST30A 12.2 91.3 230 500 53 5.2 -
M40 U40 13.3 89.2 270 440 - - -
K01 H02 14.8 93.2 185 - 61 4.4 105
K10 H01 13.0 92.9 210 570 66 4.7 109
K20 G10 14.7 90.9 250 500 63 - 105
Z10 FA1 14.1 91.4 290 - 58 5.7 -
Z20 FCC 12.5 91.3 235 - - - -
V1 D1 15.0 92.3 205 520 - - -
V2 D2 14.8 90.9 250 150 - - -
V3 D3 14.6 89.7 310 410 - - -
V4 G5 14.3 89.0 320 380 - - -
V5 G6 14.0 87.7 350 330 - - -
E1 GR10 14.8 90.9 220 - - - -
E2 GR20 14.8 90.3 240 - - - -
E3 GR30 14.8 89.0 270 - - - -
E4 GR35 14.8 88.2 270 - - - -
E5 GR50 14.5 87.0 300 - - - -
09 K
P
M
K
The physical properties of element
Physical properties of Korloy grades
Properties of Korloy grades
WC 15.6 2,150 70 0.3 5.1 2,900
TiC 4.94 3,200 45 0.04 7.6 3,200
TaC 14.5 1,800 29 0.05 6.6 3,800
NbC 8.2 2,050 35 0.04 6.8 3,500
TiN 5.43 2,000 26 0.07 9.2 2,950
AI203 3.98 3,000 42 0.07 8.5 2,050
cBN 3.48 4,500 71 3.1 4.7 -
Diamond 3.52 9,000 99 5.0 3.1 -
Co 8.9 - 10~18 0.165 12.3 1,495
Ni 8.9 - 20 0.22 13.3 1,455
E
V
Z
General Information I
Grades for
cutting tools
Ultra fine
grain alloy
Grade for
tungsten
carbide
wear parts
Grade for
mining and
civil
engineering
tools
Thermal
conductivity
(cal/cmsec)
Thermal
expansion
coefficient
(10
-6
/)
Youngs
modulus
(10
3
kgf/mm
2
)
compressive
strength
(kg/mm
2
)
TRS
(kgf/mm
2
)
Hardness
(HRA)
Specific
gravity
(g/cm
3
)
Korloy
grades
ISO
Classification
symbol
Application
Melting point
()
Thermal expansion
coefficient
(10
-6
/)
Thermal
conductivity
(cal/cmsec)
Youngs modulus
(10
3
kgf/mm
2
)
Hardness
(HV)
Specific gravity
(g/cm
3
)
Element
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10 K
1) Austenite series : One of the most general kinds of stainless steels, it has some of the best corrosion-resistance properties due to a high Cr & Ni
content. A high Nickel content also makes machining more difficult. Austenite series stainless steels are usually used for can processing, chemical
products and construction purposes. (AISI 303,304,316)
2) Ferrite series : It has Chromium content similar to Austenite series, but none of Ni content which results in freer machining. (AISI 410,430,434)
3) Martensite series : The only stainless steel with the ability to be heat treated. It has high carbon content but poor corrosion resistance, so it is used for
parts that need higher hardness. (AISI410, 420,432)
4) Precipitate hardened series : A Chromium-Nickel alloy, it has improved hardness through low temperature heat-treatment and has superior corrosion
resistance and toughness at the same time. (AISI 17, 15)
5) Austenite-Ferrite series : Though it has similar properties with Austenite and Ferrite, it has much more superior heat-resistance (approx. 2 times
better). Usually used where thermal-corrosion stability is needed, such as condensers (AISI S2304, 2507).
1) Work-hardening property - Causes premature wear of tool and poor control chip.
2) Low thermal conductivity - Causes plastic deformation of cutting edge and fast wear of tools.
3) Built-up-edge - More susceptible to micro-chipping on cutting edges and causes bad surface-finish.
4) Chemical affinity between tool and workpiece caused by work-hardening and low thermal-conductivity of workpiece, this might generate abnormal-
wear, chipping and/or abnormal fracture.
1) Use a tool that has higher thermal-conductivity
Low thermal-conductivity of stainless steels accelerates tool wear resulting from a decline in hardness of the cutting edge of an insert, this is due to heat
piling up. It is better to use a tool that has higher thermal conductivity and with enough coolant.
2) Sharper cutting edge-line
It is necessary to utilize larger rake-angles and wider chip-breaker lands to reduce cutting-load pressure and prevent build-up-edge. This will help
provide better chip control to an operator.
3) Optimal cutting condition
Inappropriate machining conditions like extremely low or high-speeds or low feed rates can cause poor tool life due to work-hardening of work piece.
4) Choose an appropriate tool
Tools for stainless steels should have good toughness attributes, enough strength on their edge-line (cutting edge) & a higher film adhesion.
Stainless steels are well known for their excellent anti-corrosive property.
Excellent anti-corrosive property are due to Chromium added to these alloys. In general, stainless steels have 4%~10% content of Chromium.
Technical information for Stainless steel
Guide of stainless-steel machining

Classifications & Features of Stainless steel.

Difficult-to-Cut Factors of Stainless steel.

Tips for Machining of Stainless steel.

General Information I
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11 K
Specially designed substrate & film suitable for high-speed machining of stainless steels.
Superior cutting performance under conditions in moderate-speed applications for cutting low-
carbon steels and low-carbon alloy steel
Longer tool-life can be achieved thanks to a superior chipping-resistance design in the grade.
Obtain better cutting performance. Korloy offers a variety of combinations of chip breakers to
machine easily even in deeper depth of cut.
NC9020, For high speed turning of Stainless steel.
PC9030, for medium to low speed turning of Stainless steel.
PC9530, for medium to low speed milling of Stainless steel.

KORLOY New Grades for Stainless steel machinig

By using an ultra fine carbide substrate, the PC9030 has a tougher substrate for moderate speed
machining and intermittent cutting of Stainless steel
A PVD coating is applied to this grade to enhance chipping-resistance and adhesion-resistance
during machining of difficult-to-cut material
Exclusive grade for stainless steel, using tougher carbide as a substrate and a PVD coated,
this gives the insert superior lubrication properties.
Enhance your surface finish and reduce burrs by utilizing our chip-breakers, exclusively made for
Stainless steels.
Tough ultra-fine carbide substrate primarily used for roughing and/or intermittent milling
applications in stainless steel
A PVD coating is applied to achieve better tool life in stainless steel and Ni-Cr steel applications.
To reduce chipping in the cutting edge Korloy uses a tough carbide substrate and PVD coating to
help prevent material build up around the cutting edges.
Chip Breakers for Stainless steel
Korloys New Grades for Stainless steel machining.
General Information I
Sharp edge for shallow depth cutting
Increase tool life through reduce chip
control friction at high speed cutting
Good surface finish of work piece
HA / Finishing
Enhanced cutting efficiency and
increase tool life due to enhanced
chip flow.
Reinforce wear resistance through
adopting high land rake angle.
Special land design to prevent
notching and enhance toughness
HS / Medium cutting
Superior tool life at light intermittent
cutting
Better chip flow through wide chip
pocket
Prevent build-up-edge by low cutting
force design
GS / Medium to Rough cutting
Chip breaker for intermittent cutting
Unique chip breaker design provide
smooth chip control.
Strong edge line permit superior
toughness
VM / Roughing
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12 K
End cutting edge angle
Side relief angle
Side rake angle
Rake angle
Relief angle
Nose radius
Side cutting edge angle
Cutting edge angle
Cutting edge height
Total length
Shank width
Calculation formulas for machining
Rough Kc
Mild steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Low alloy steel
High alloy steel
Cast iron
Malleable cast iron
Bronze, Brass
190
210
240
190
245
93
120
70

Relating angles between tool and workpiece

Cutting speed

Surface finish

Material removal rate

Feed
vc =
Dn
(m/min)
1000
fn =
vf
(mm/rev)
n
PKW =
vcfnapkc
60102
Rmax =
f n
2
1000()
8r
Rmax : Profile depth(Maximum height roughness) ()
fn : feed (mm/rev)
r : nose radius
PHP =
kcvcapfn
4500
Q = vcapfn

Power requirement
Insert shape and terminology
(+) : Excellent machine-ability (reducing cutting force, weakening cutting edge strength)
(+) : When machining excellent machine-ability or thin workpiece.
( - ) : When strong cutting edge is needed at interrupted condition or mill scale.
( - ) : Cutting edge is strong but has short tool life to make bad influence on flank wear.
(+) : Improved chip control because chip thickness is big.
(+) : Strong cutting edge due to distributed cutting force but chip control is bad by thin chip thickness
( - ) : Improved chip performance.
( - ) : Cutting edge is strong but has short tool life to make bad influence on flank wear.
Effect
Cutting edge
inclination
Rake
angle
Side rake angle
Rake angle
Cutting force, Cutting heat, The effects
of chip control on tool life
Only cutting edge contact with
cutting face
Affects chip control and cutting force direction
Affects chip control and cutting force
direction
Prevent friction between cutting edge and cutting face
Relief angle
Side relief angle
Cutting edge angle
Side cutting
edge angle
End cutting edge angle
Relief
angle
Cutting
edge
angle
Terminology Function
Q : Material removal rate [/min]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
d : Depth of cut [m]
fn : Feed per tooth [mm/tooth]
Theoretical surface roughness
Practical surface roughness
Steel : Rmax (1.5~3) Cast iron : Rmax (3~5)
PKW: Power requirement [kW]
PHP : Power requirement (horse power) [HP]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
ap : Depth of cut [mm]
fn : Feed per revolution [mm/rev]
kc : Specific cutting resistance [MPa]
: Machine efficiency rate (0.7~0.8)
vc : Cutting speed (m/min)
D : Diameter (mm)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
: Circular constant(3.14)
fn : Feed per revolution(mm/rev)
vf : Table feed (mm/min)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
Turning
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13 K

Machining time
External face machining 1
Facing
T : Machining time [sec]
L : Cutting length [mm]
fn: Feed per revolution [mm/rev]
n : Revolution per minute [min]
D : Diameter of workpiece [mm]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
Constant Revolution per minute
T =
60L
fnn
Constant cutting speed
T =
60LD
1000fnn
External face machining 2
T : Machining time [sec]
L : Cutting length [mm]
fn : Feed per revolution [mm/rev]
n : Revolution per minute [min]
D1 : Maximum diameter of workpiece [mm]
D2 : Minimum diameter of workpiece [mm]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
N : The number of pass = (D1-D2)/d/2
T : Machining time [sec]
T1 : Machining time before the maximum rpm[sec]
L : Width of machining [mm]
fn : Feed per revolution [mm/rev]
n : Revolution per minute [min
-1
]
D1 : Maximum diameter of workpiece [mm]
D2 : Minimum diameter of workpiece [mm]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
N : The number of pass = (D1-D2)/d/2
Constant Revolution per minute
T =
60L
N
fnn
Constant cutting speed
T =
60L(D1 + D2)
N
21000fnn
Constant Revolution per minute
T =
60(D1 - D2)
N
2fnn
Constant cutting speed
T1 =
60(D1 + D2)(D1 - D2)
N
4000fnvc
Grooving
T : Machining time [sec]
T1 : Machining time before the maximum rpm[sec]
L : Width of machining [mm]
fn : Feed per revolution [mm/rev]
n : Revolution per minute [min
-1
]
D1 : Maximum diameter of workpiece [mm]
D2 : Minimum diameter of workpiece [mm]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
Constant Revolution per minute
T =
60(D1 - D2)
2fnn
Constant cutting speed
T
1
=
60(D1 + D2)(D1 - D2)
4000fnvc
Parting
T : Machining time [sec]
T1 : Machining time before the maximum rpm[sec]
T3 : Machining time till maximum RPM[sec]
fn : Feed per revolution [mm/rev]
n : Revolution per minute [min
-1
]
nmax : Maximum revolution per minute [min
-1
]
D1 : Maximum diameter of workpiece [mm]
D3 : Maximum diameter at maximum RPM [mm]
vc : Cutting speed [m/min]
Constant Revolution per minute
T =
60D1
2fnn
Constant cutting speed
T1 =
60(D1 + D3)(D1 - D3)
4000fnvc
T3 =
60D3
T1 +
2fnnmax
14 K
The affects of cutting condition
Cutting speed
Cutting Speeds effects
The most desirable machining means short machining time, long tool life and good precision. This is the reason that proper cutting condition for
each tools should be selected according to materials properties, hardness, shapes, the efficiency of machine.
- Relationship between feed and flank wear in steel turning
Cutting condition
Workpiece: SNCN431
Grade : ST20
Cutting speed : 200m/min
Depth of cut : 1.0mm
Cutting time : 10min
Cutting condition
Workpiece : SNCN431
Grade : ST20
Cutting speed : 200m/min
Feed : 0.2mm/rev
Cutting time : 10min
- Relationship between depth of cut and flank wear in steel turning - Surface parts including mill scale Roughing
When the cutting speed increases up to 20% in an application, the tool life respectively decreases down 50%. Although inversely, if the cutting speed
increases up to 50% the tool life decreases down to 20%. On the other hand if cutting speed is too low (20-40m/min) Tool life shortens due to
vibration.
Feed
The feed rate in turning means the progressed interval of a distance in a work piece within 1 revolution. The feed rate in a milling application means
the table feed divided by number of teeth of cutter (feed rate per tooth).
Depth of cut
Determined by required allowances in machining a material and the capacity the machine can tolerate. There are cutting limits according to the
different shapes and sizes of the insert.
- The tool life feature of P grade -
NC3030
Low grade High grade
NC3120 NC3010
10 20 30 40 60 100
500
400
300
200
150
100
80
60
- The tool life feature of M grade -
- The tool life feature of K grade -
The effects of feed
When the feed rate decreases the flank wear is increases. When the
feed rate is too low, the tool life radically shortens.
When the feed rate increases, the flank wear gets larger due to high
temperatures, however the feed rates effect tool life less than the
cutting speed. And higher feed rates improve machining efficiency.
The effect of a depth of cut
The depth of cut does not have a big influence on tool life.
When the depth of cut is small the work piece is not cut but rather rubbed. In these cases, machine off the work hardened parts that decrease tool life.
When machining a cast skin or milling scale smaller depth of cuts usually cause chipping and abnormal wear because of hard impurities in the surface
of the work piece.
NC315K
Low grade High grade
NC6110
10 20 30 40 60 100
500
400
300
200
150
100
80
60
Low grade High grade
PC9030 NC3030
NC9020
10 20 30 40 60 100
500
400
300
200
150
100
80
60
Turning
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Workpiece : GC300 (180HB)
Tool life criterion : VB=0.2mm
Depth of cut : 1.5mm
Feed : 0.3mm/rev
Holder : PCLNR2525-M12
Insert : CNMG120408
Dry cutting
Workpiece : S45C (180HB)
Tool life criterion : VB=0.2mm
Depth of cut : 1.5mm
Feed : 0.3mm/rev
Holder : PCLNR2525-M12
Insert : CNMG120408
Dry cutting
Workpiece : STS304 (200HB)
Tool life criterion : VB=0.2mm
Depth of cut : 1.5mm
Feed : 0.3mm/rev
Holder : PCLNR2525-M12
Insert : CNMG120408
Dry cutting
15 K
Workpiece : SNCM431(HB200)
Grade : P20
ap : 1mm
fn : 0.32mm/rev
T : 20min
Affects
1. If relief angle is big Flank wear decreases.
2. If relief angle is big Cutting edge strength weakens.
3. If relief angle is small Chattering occurs .
Selection system
1. Hard workpiece / When strong cutting edge is needed - Low relief angle
2. Soft workpiece / Workpiece turning to work hardening easily - High relief angle
Relief angle avoids the friction between workpiece and relief face and makes cutting edge move along workpiece easily.

Relationship between various relief angle and flank wear

Side cutting edge angle has big influence on chip flow and cutting force therefore proper Side cutting edge angle is very important.

Side cutting edge angle

and Tool life

Side cutting edge angle and 3 cutting forces

Side cutting edge angle and Cutting load

Side cutting edge angle and Cutting performance

Side cutting edge angle and Chip thickness

1. Big side cutting edge angle with the same feed
makes chip attaching length longer and chip
thickness thinner. So that cutting forces scatter
to long cutting edge therefore tool life gets
longer.
2. Big side cutting edge angle for
machining long bars can cause bending.
1. Deep depth of cut finishing / Long thin
workpiece / Low machine rigidity
- Side cutting edge angle
2. Hard and high calorific power workpiece
/ Roughing big workpiece / High machine
rigidity - Side cutting edge angle
Affects
Selection system
Workpiece : SCM440(HB250)
Grade : TNGA220412
vc = 100m/min
ap= 4mm
fn= 0.45mm/rev
Workpiece : SCM440
Grade : P20
ap : 3mm
f n : 0.2mm/rev
As side cutting edge angle is getting bigger
chips are getting thinner and wider(refer to
left picture). At the same feed and depth of
cut with approach angle 0Chip thickness is
the same as feed(t=fn) and chip width is
equal to depth of cut (W=ap).
t1 = 0.97t, W1 = 1.04W
t2 = 0.87t, W2 = 1.15W
As approach angle gets bigger Back force gets bigger and feed
force gets smaller.
Approach angle 0 Approach angle 15 Approach angle 30
Force P is loaded. Force P is scattered to P1, P2.
Wear rate
Workpiece
Machining power
Chatter
How to machine
Workpiece rigidity
Machine rigidity
Specification Low
High
Easy to cut material
Small
Hard to occur
Finishing
Long thin workpiece
In case of low rigidity
High
Low
Difficult to cut material
Big
Easy to occur
Roughing
Thick workpiece
In case of high rigidity
Approach angle
Relief angle
Side cutting edge angle
Turning
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16 K
Affects of nose R
1. Big nose Rimproves surface finish.
2. Big nose Rimproves cutting edge strength.
3. Big nose Rreduces flank wear and crater wear.
4. Too big nose Rcauses chattering due to increased cutting force.
Selection system
1. For finishing with small depth of cut / long and thin workpiece /
When machine power is low - Small Nose R
2. For applications that need strong cutting edge such as intermittent
and machining mill scale / For roughing of big workpiece / When
the machine power is strong eough - Big Nose R
It affects machined surface to prevent interference between surface of workpiece and insert.
1. Noseraffects not only surface roughness but strength of cutting edge.
2. In general, Its desirable that nose Ris 2~3 times bigger than feed.
Affects
1. If end cutting edge angle reduces Cutting edge get stronger but cutting heat generated by machining increases.
2. Small end cutting edge angle can cause chattering due to the increases cutting force.
Workpiece : SNCM439, HB200
Grade : P20
vc = 120m/min, ap = 0.5mm
Workpiece : SCM440, HB280
Grade : P10
vc = 100m/min, ap = 0.5mm
f n = 0.3mm/rev

Workpiece : SNCM439, HB200

Grade : P10

vc = 140m/min, ap = 2mm

f n = 0.2mm/rev, T = 10min
Surface finish()
noseR (mm)
Tool life(the number of impact)
noseR (mm)
Flank wear (mm)
noseR (mm)

NoseRand surface finish

Relationship between nose radius, feed and various surface roughness.

NoseRand tool life

NoseRand wear of tool

Nose R
Feed(mm/rev)
0.15
0.4 0.8 1.2
0.26
0.46
End cutting edge angle
Nose R
Turning
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17 K

Rake angle[

Rake angle and the direction of chip flow

Rake angle has big influence on cutting force, chip flow and tool life.

Selection of inserts and tool holder

Listed below is the basic factors and choose B according to A.
:nega(-)
:nega(-)
:posi(+)
:nega(-)
:posi(+)
:posi(+)
:nega(-)
:posi(+)
Rake angle : Side rake angle :
In order to prevent machined surface from damages Avoid nega,
posi combination. :nega(-) :posi(+)
= -5`
= 15`
= 25`
= -5`
= 15`
= 25`
Affects
1. High rake angle results in good suface finish.
2. As the rake angle increases by 1`Machining power
decreases by 1%.
3. High rake angle weakens cutting edge.
Selection system
1.For hard workpiece / For applications that need strong
cutting edge such as interrupted and machining mill scale
- Low rake angle
2.For soft workpiece / Easy to cut material / When the
rigidity of machine power and workpieceis is low
- High rake angle
A : Basic factors B : Selection system
Nowadays, Its very difficult to select the best tools in complicating tooling system and various cutting conditions.
However, It can be simplified by classifying basic factors below.
Workpiece material
Workpiece shape
Workpiece size
Hardness of workpiece
Surface roughness of workpiece (before machining)
Surface finish required
Type of lathe machine
Condition of lathe machine (rigidity, power etc)
Horse power of machine
Clamping method of workpiece
Select as big approach angle as possible.
Select as big shank as possible.
Select as strong cutting edge of insert as possible
Select as big nose radius as possible
In finishing, Select the insert using many corners
Select as small insert as possible
Cutting speed should be determined carefully according to cutting conditions
Select as deep depth of cut as possible
Select as fast feed as possible
Cutting condition should be determined within chip breaker application ranges.
Cutting edge shape and the affects
Selecting proper tools
Turning
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18 K
Trouble shooting
Tool Failure
Crater wear
Fracture
Plastic deformation
Wear on nose radius
Flank wear
Thermal crack
Chipping
Notch wear
Flaking
Complete breakage
Built-up edge
Cause Solution
Improper grade
Excessive cutting condition
Improper grade
Excessive feed
Shorten cutting edge strength
Insufficient rigidity of holder
Improper grade
Excessive cutting condition
High cutting temperature
When the hardness of workpiece is too
high compare with tool
When machinig surface hardened
workpiece
Improper grade
Excessive cutting speed
Too small relief angle
Too low feed
Expansion and shrinking by cutting
temperature
Improper grade
(*Specially milling operation)
Improper grade
Excessive feed
Shorten cutting edge strength
Insufficient rigidity of holder
Surface hardened workpiece
Friction due to bad chip geometry
(Generate vibration)
Deposition on cutting edge
Bad chip control
Unusable condition due to wear off
the most parts of cutting edge by
progress of wear
Choose harder grade
Decrease cutting condition
Choose tougher grade
Decrease feed
Apply to large honed or chamfered edge
Choose bigger size holder
Choose harder grade
Decrease cutting condition
Choose grade wich heat conductivity
are big
Choose harder grade
Decrease cutting speed
Choose lager relief angle
Increase feed
Apply to dry cutting
(In case of wet cutting, use enough
coolant)
Choose tougher grade
Choose tougher grade
Decrease feed
Apply to large honing or chamfer edge
Choose bigger size holder
Choose harder grade
Improve chip control form large rake angle
Improve cutting performance fromd
large rake angle
Apply to chip pocket with big size
Turning
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19 K

g
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g
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g
g

g: Increase : Decrease _: use @: Correct use

g
g

g
g

KS B0813
0.2mm
0.4mm
0.7mm
1~1.25mm

ISO B8688
Types of tool failure and trouble shooting
Tool life criterion
Wet
cutting
Wet
cutting
Wet
cutting
Wet
cutting
Wet
cutting
Wet
cutting
Causes Troubles
Solution
Cutting conditions
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Selecting insert grade Tool shape Machine clamping
Poor precision
Unstable machining size
Cutting edge back
thrust is big
Its necessary to adjust
because machining
precision changes
during operation.
Poor surface
roughness for
finishing
Criterion of tool life.
Cutting heat
generation
Poor machining
precision and short tool
life by cutting heat
burr, chipping, nap
steel, aluminum (burr)
Cast iron
(Weak chipping)
Soft steel (nap)
Insert precision is variable
Workpiece, Separation of tool
Flank wear increase
Cutting condition is improper
Cutting edge chipping
Adhesion, built-up edge
Improper cutting conditions
Vibration, chattering
Improper cutting conditions
Improper cutting conditions
Improper cutting conditions
Improper cutting conditions
Weakened cutting force by
increasing wear of tool
Tools, Improper cutting
edge shape
Tools, Improper cutting
edge shape
Wear of tool, Improper
cutting conditions.
Wear of tool, Improper
cutting conditions.
Wear of tool, Improper
cutting conditions.
Flank
wear
width
Precision light cutting , Finishing in nonferrous alloy
Machining special steel
General cutting in cast iron, steel etc
General cutting in cast iron, steel etc
Complete breakage
Flank wear width VB = 0.3mm
VBmax = 0.5mm
Crater wear width KT = 0.06+0.3fmm (f : mm/rev)
Criterion by surface roughness 1, 1.6, 2.5, 4, 6.3, 10Ra
Machining special steel
Even flank wear of cemented carbides, Ceramic tool
Uneven flank wear
Cemented carbides tool
When surface roughness is important
Depth of crater wear
Tool life criterion Application
In general 0.05~0.1 mm
Turning
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20 K
Milling
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Locater
Setting ring
Face angle
Radial
rake angle
Major cutting edge
Chamfer
A.R
R.R
A.A
I.A
F.A
R.A
T.A
AR : Axial rake angle (-90`<AR<90`)
RR : Radial rake angle (-90`<RR<90`)
AA : Approach angle (0`<AA<90`)
TA : True rake angle (-90`<TA<90`)
IA : Cutting edge inclination angle (-90`<IA<90`)
FA : Face angle (-90`<FA<90`)

The terminology and functions of cutting edge angle

Milling cutter shape and designation
Minor cutting edge
Chip flow direction, Adhesion
Affecting on thrust
Chip thickness,
Determines flow direction
Effective rake angle
Determines chip flow direction
Controlling surface roughness
for finishing
Controlling cutting edge strength,
tool life and chattering
(+) : Better cutting. Preventing adhesion, Weakening cutting edge strength.
( -) : Cutting edge strength increases, easy to adhere
(+) : Good chip flow, cutting force decreases,
Corner edge strength weakens
(+) : Chip thickness become thinner, cutting force could be reduced.
-
-
-
( -) : Surface roughness improves
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Axial-rake angle
Depth of key way
Diameter of cutter body
Diameter of flange
Width of key way
Approach angle
Height of cutter
Cutting edge inclination angle
Radial relief
angle
True rake angle
Face relief
Chip
pocket
Screw for
angle wedge
Diameter of cutter
Part A
Back ring
Tool failure Symbol
Axial rake angle
Radial rake angle
Approach angle
True rake angle
Cutting edge
inclination angle
Face angle
Relief angle
Function Effects
Milling
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21 K
vc: Cutting speed (m/min)
D : Diameter of tool (mm)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
: Circular constant (3.14)
vc =
Dn
(m/min)
1000
fz=
vf
(mm/t)
zn

Cutting speed

Power requirement

Machining time

True rake angle / Cutting edge inclination angle

fz : Feed per tooth (mm/t)
vf : Feed per minute (mm/min)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
z : Number of tooth

Feed
Q : Chip removal amount (/min)
L : Width of cut (mm)
vf : Table feed (mm/min)
ap: Depth of cut (mm)

Chip removal amount

Pc : Power requirement (kW)
H : Horse power requirement (hp) (mm/min)
Q : Chip removal amount (cm
3
/min)
kc : Specific cutting resistance (kgf/mm
3
)
: Machine efficiency rate (0.7~0.8)
T : Machining time (sec)
Lt : Total length of table feed (mm)(=Lw+D+2R)
Lw : The length of workpiece (mm)
D : The diameter of cutter body (mm)
vf : Table feed (mm/min) R : Relief length (mm)
PHP =
PKW
0.75
T =
60Lt
(sec)
vf
True rake angle tan(T) = tan(R) x cps(AA) + tan(A) x sin(C)
Cutting edge inclination angle tan(I) = tan(A) x cos(AA) - tan(R) x sin(C)
Q=
Lvfap
(/min)
1000
Features by combination of rake angle
Major cutting formulas
Double positive angle Double negative angle Posi - Negative angle Nega - Positive angle
Weak cutting edge strength.
Only single sided inserts are available
(No economical).
Machine and cutter need enough power
and rigidity.
General machining of steel, cast iron,
stainless steel
Machining soft steel that brings about built-
up edge easily
Machining material having tendency to
poor surface roughness
Under interrupted cutting condition
Roughing of cast iron and steel
Machining difficult to cut material
Roughing with deep depth of cut and wide
width of cut in steel and cast iron
Chip flows to center of cutter body
-
As for tough workpiece material It prevents
built-up edge to improve surface
roughness.
Low cutting load and better machinability
Strong cutting edge.
Roughing of workpiece that has bad surface
condition containing sand, mill scale
Double sided inserts can be
applied(Economical).
Good chip control.
Good chip flow and machinability.
Suitable for machining of difficult-to-cut
material
Un-even partition clamping prevents
chattering
Machine and cutter need enough power
and rigidity.
Only single sided inserts are available
(No economical)
Since the chips flows toward the center of
cutter. Chips scratch on machined surface.
Bad chip flow.
No economical
A
d
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Pkw =
vcfnapkc
60102
22 K
0.1
(mm/t)
0.2
(mm/t)
0.3
(mm/t)
0.4
(mm/t)
0.6
(mm/t)
D : External diameter of cutter body
D1 : Width of workpiece
d : Projected part of cutter body
E : Engage angle
: Ratio of cutter body and width of workpiece(D:D1)

Selection by machine rigidity

Selection by machine rigidity

The bigger size cutter the
longer machining time.

Selection by number of tooth

Workpiece E
ex) D=

100 4(1~1.5)=4~6 D is the size of cutter body converted into inch size.
Values of specific cutting resistance Selection of MILL-MAX diameter(D)
Chip removal amount(cm
3
/min) per rated horse power
Classification of surface roughness
Machine horse power(PS) 10~15 15~20 Over 20
Proper cutter body specification(mm)

80~

100

125~

160

160~

200

Selection by machining time

Steel +20`~-10` 3 : 2
Cast iron Under +50` 5 : 4
Light alloy Under +40` 5 : 3
Rmax
Rz
Ra

0.8s
0.8z
0.2a
6.3s
6.3z
1.6a
25s
25z
6.3a
100s
100z
25a
~
Workpiece Steel Cast iron Light alloy
Number of tooth D(1~1.5) D(1~4) D1+
Milling
Workpiece
Tensile
strength
(kg/) and
hardness
Specific cutting resistance according
to various feed kc(MPa)
Cast iron
Steel
Bronze
Brass
Aluminum
Soft 32 75 163 295 425 570
Medium 26 55 127 212 310 425
hard 18 41 93 163 228 310
Soft 52 116 260 455 670 880
Medium 32 75 163 295 425 570
hard 26 55 127 212 310 425
Soft 77 163 390 670 980 1,280
Medium 54 118 275 490 700 910
hard 26 55 127 245 325 425
90 195 440 780 1,110 1,500
Workpiece
Type Symbol How to calculate Measured value
Finish mark
Surface
roughness
Unspecified
Soft steel 52 220 195 182 170 158
Medium carbon steel 62 198 180 173 160 157
High carbon steel 72 252 220 204 185 174
Tool steel 67 198 180 173 170 160
Tool steel 77 203 180 175 170 158
Chrome manganese steel 77 230 200 188 175 166
Chrome manganese steel 63 275 230 206 180 178
Chrome molybdenum steel 73 254 225 214 200 180
Chrome molybdenum steel 60 218 200 186 180 167
Nickel Chrome molybdenum steel 94 200 180 168 160 150
Nickel Chrome molybdenum steel HB352 210 190 176 170 153
Cast steel 52 280 250 232 220 204
Hardened cast iron HRC46 300 270 250 240 220
Meehanite cast iron 36 218 200 175 160 147
Gray cast iron HB200 175 140 124 105 97
Brass 50 115 95 80 70 63
Light alloy(Al - Mg) 16 58 48 40 35 32
Light alloy(Al - Si) 20 70 60 52 45 39
Maximum
height
+10 point mean
roughness
Arithmetic
mean
roughness
The distance between the top of profile peak line and the bottom of profile
valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the longitudinal magnification
direction of roughness curve ( Expressed by unit: ).
Exclude extraordinary values(too small or big) that look like grooves or
mountains.
Rmax
Rz
Ra
Sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the sum of
the average value of absolute value of the highest profile peaks and the
depths of five deepest profile valleys measured in the vertical magnification is
expressed by micro meter( ).
Sampling only the reference length from the roughness curve in the direction
of mean line , taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and Y-axis in the
direction of longitudinal magnification of this sampled part and is expressed
by micro meter( ).
Generally, Read measured value by Ra measurer.
5Hp 10Hp 20Hp 30Hp 40Hp 50Hp
Rated horse power
Length of workpiece
small
medium
big
Small cutter movement
Medium cutter movement
Big cutter movement
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23 K
g: Increase : Decrease _: Use @: Correct use
g g g g
_ g g
g g
g g _ g
g g
g _ g g
@ g g g
_ g

Machine efficiency rate ()

Trouble shooting for milling
General formulas for milling
Milling
Power transmission mode Efficiency rate (E) Reference
Principal axis direct connection driving 0.90
Belt driving 0.85 Double connection : 0.85 0.85 0.70
Starting driving 0.75
Oil pressure driving 0.60~0.90
Causes Trouble
Solutions
Cutting conditions
Cutting
speed
Depth
of cut
Feed Coolant
Approach
angle
Relief
angle
Rake
angle
Nose
radius
Chattering at
cutting edge
Toughness Hardness
Tool shape Insert grade
Improper insert grade
Improper cutting conditions
Chattering
Flank wear
Improper cutting conditions
Improper insert grade
Crater wear
Lack of insert toughness
Excessive feed
Excessive cutting load
Chipping
Improper cutting conditions
Improper cutting edge shape
Improper insert grade
Built-up edge
Improper cutting conditions
Lack of number of cutting teeth
Improper cutting edge shape
Bad chip flow
Unstable workpiece clamping
Chattering
Built-up edge
Improper cutting conditions
Chattering
Bad chip flow
Improper cutting conditions
Improper insert grade
Poor surface finish
Thermal crack
Improper insert grade
Excessive cutting load
Bad chip flow
Chattering
Excessive overhang
Fracture
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Tapers
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24 K
0 1`2927 9.045 3 9.201 6.442 50 53 6 - 4 0.2
1 1`2543 12.065 3.5 12.230 9.396 53.5 57 9 M6 16 5 0.2
2 1`2550 17.780 5 18.030 14.583 64 69 14 M10 24 5 0.2
3 1`2616 23.825 5 24.076 19.759 81 86 19 M12 28 7 0.6
4 1`2915 31.267 6.5 31.605 25.943 02.5 109 25 M16 32 9 1
5 1`3026 44.399 6.5 4.741 37.584 129.5 136 35.7 M20 40 9 2.5
6 1`2936 63.348 8 63.765 53.859 182 190 51 M24 50 12 4
7 1`2922 83.058 10 83.578 70.058 250 260 65 M33 80 18.5 5
0 1`2927 9.045 3 9.201 6.104 56.5 59.5 6.0 3.9 6.5 10.5 4 1
1 1`2543 12.065 3.5 12.240 8.972 62.0 65.5 8.7 5.2 8.5 13.5 5. 1.2
2 1`2550 17.780 5 18.030 14.034 75.0 80.0 13.5 6.3 10 16 6 1.6
3 1`2616 23.825 5 24.076 19.107 94.0 99.0 18.5 7.9 13 20 7 2
4 1`2915 31.267 6.5 31.605 25.164 117.5 124.0 24.5 11.9 16 24 8 2.5
5 1`3026 44.399 6.5 4.741 36.531 149.5 156.0 35.7 15.9 19 29 10 3
6 1`2936 63.348 8 63.765 52.399 210.0 218.0 51.0 19.0 27 40 13 4
7 1`2922 83.058 10 83.578 68.186 286.0 296.0 66.8 28.6 35 54 19 5
MT No. Taper D a D1 d1 1 2 d2 b c e R r Taper angle()
19.212
1
20.047
1
20.020
1
19.922
1
19.254
1
19.002
1
19.180
1
19.231
1

Morse taper (Tang type)

19.212
1
20.047
1
20.020
1
19.922
1
19.254
1
19.002
1
19.180
1
19.231
1

Morse taper (Screw type)

Brown sharp taper

(Screw type)

Brown sharp taper

(Tang type)
4 10.221 2.4 10.321 8.890 8.0 31.0 34.2 2 0.2 - -
5 13.286 2.4 13.386 11.430 10.0 44.4 46.8 3 0.2 - -
6 15.229 2.4 15.330 12.700 11.0 60.0 62.7 3 0.2 M 8(1/4) 20
7 18.424 2.4 18.524 15.240 14.0 76.2 78.6 4 0.2 M10(3/8) 24
8 22.828 3.2 22.962 19.090 17.0 90.5 93.7 4 0.6 M12(1/2) 28
9 27.104 3.2 27.238 22.863 21.0 101.6 104.8 4 0.6 M12(1/2) 28
10 32.749 3.2 32.887 26.534 24.0 144.5 147.7 5 1.0 M16(5/8) 32
11 38.905 3.2 39.039 31.749 29.0 171.4 174.6 5 1.0 M16(5/8) 32
12 45.641 3.2 45.774 38.103 35.0 181.0 184.2 6 2.5 M20(3/4) 40
13 52.654 3.2 52.787 44.451 41.0 196.8 200.0 6 3.0 M20(3/4) 40
14 59.533 3.2 59.666 50.800 47.0 209.6 212.8 7 4.0 M24(1) 40
15 66.408 3.2 66.541 57.150 53.0 222.2 225.4 7 4.0 M24(1) 50
16 73.292 3.2 73.425 63.500 59.0 35.0 238.2 8 5.0 M30(11/8) 60
B&S No. D a D1 d d1 1 2 t r d2 K
B&S No.
4 10.221 2.4 10.321 8.458 8.1 42.1 44.5 5.5 8.7 14.4 7.9 1.3
5 13.286 2.4 13.386 10.962 10.7 55.6 58.0 6.3 9.5 16.2 7.9 1.5
6 15.229 2.4 15.330 12.167 11.7 73.0 75.4 7.1 11.1 18.0 7.9 1.5
7 18.424 2.4 18.524 14.675 14.2 89.7 92.1 7.9 11.9 20.3 9.5 1.8
8 22.828 3.2 22.962 18.453. 18.0 104.8 108.0 8.7 12.7 22.0 9.5 2.0
9 28.104 3.2 27.238 22.200 21.8 117.5 120.7 9.5 14.3 25.4 11.1 2.5
10 32.749 3.2 32.887 25.751 25.7 162.7 165.9 11.1 16.7 28.1 11.1 2.8
11 38.905 3.2 39.039 30.985 30.7 189.7 192.9 11.1 16.7 30.0 12.7 3.3
12 45.641 3.2 45.774 37.246 37.1 201.6 204.8 12.7 190 32.5 12.7 3.8
13 52.654 3.2 52.787 43.589 43.4 217.5 220.7 12.7 19.0 35.7 15.9 4.3
14 59.533 3.2 59.666 49.841 49.8 232.6 235.8 14.2 21.4 41.2 19.0 4.8
15 66.408 3.2 66.541 56.186 56.1 245.3 248.5 14.2 21.4 44.4 22.2 5.3
16 73.292 3.2 73.425 62.441 62.2 260.4 263.6 15.8 23.8 50.0 25.4 5.8
D a D1 d1 d2 1 2 b c e R r
MT No. Taper D a D1 d 1 2 d2 d1 k t r Taper angle()
Tapers
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25 K
1.5 2.38 6 0.5 1 2 6
1.5 3 8 0.6 1.5 3 8
2 3 12 1 1.5 3 10
26 42 18 3.75 2 15.5 25 5 11 7.5 4.5 14.13 10 10 23 3 1 19 1
26 42 18 3.75 28.5 20 32 6.3 14.7 10 6 18.13 10 12 24.5 3 1 21 1.2
29 45 20 3.75 44 31.5 50 10 24 15 10 28.56 12.5 16 28 3 1.5 24 2
10.54 12 14 50 38 36.90 42 43 59.3 7 26 32 29 M16X1 10 6.8 6.8 13.997 7.648
12.5 16 14 63 48 46.53 53 55 72.3 7 34 40 37 M18X1 12 8 8.4 17.862 9.25
20 20 14 100 75 72,80 85 92 109.75 7 53 63 58 M24X1.5 16 12 12 27.329 15.00
D D1 L 1 M 2 3 a t b
Standard taper of American milling machine
35 53 43 22 10 14.6 2 38.1 13 56.5 M121.75 16.1 19.6 21.62
40 63 52 25 10 16.6 2 44.45 17 65.4 M162 16.1 22.6 25.3
45 85 73 30 12 21.2 3 57.15 21 82.8 M2025 19.3 29.1 33.1
50 100 85 35 15 23.2 3 69.85 25 101.8 M243 25.7 35.4 40.1
60 155 135 45 20 28.2 3 107.95 31 161.8 M303.5 25.7 60.1 60.7
(mm)
NTNo.
1
4
1
UNC
2
1
UNC
8
5
UNC
4
1
UNC1
1
4
3
2
4
3
4
4
1
- 0.29
- 0.36
- 0.30
- 0.384
- 0.31
- 0.41
- 0.34
- 0.46

Bottle grip taper

(mm)
D1 D2 t1 t2 t3 t4 d1 d3 L M b1 t5 d5 BT No.

HSK shank (DIN 69893)

Shank No b1 b2 b3 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 a1 a2
HSK50
63
100
HSK50
63
100
(mm)
Shank No
(mm)
f1 f2 f3 f4 b1 b2 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8
30 31.750 17.40 70 20 24 50 1.6 15.9 6
40 44.450 25.32 95 25 30 60 1.6 15.9 22.5
50 69.850 39.60 130 25 45 90 3.2 25.4 35
60 107.950 60.20 210 45 56 110 3.2 25.4 60
26 K
Tapers
12.70 14.17 2.38 0.5
15.875 17.74 3.18 0.8
19.050 20.89 3.18 0.8
22.225 24.07 3.18 0.8
1 25.40 28.04 6.35 1.2
31.750 35.18 7.94 1.6
38.10 42.32 9.53 1.6
44.450 49.48 11.11 1.6
2 50.80 55.83 12.7 1.6
63.50 69.42 15.81 1.6
3 76.20 82.93 19.05 2.4
88.90 98.81 22.23 2.4
4 101.60 111.51 25.4 2.4
114.30 125.81 25.58 3.2
5 127.0 140.08 31.75 3.2
8 8 8.9 2 0.4
10 10 11.5 3 0.4
13 13 14.6 3 0.6
16 16 17.7 4 0.6
19 19 21.1 5 1
22 22 24.1 6 1
27 27 29.8 7 1.2
32 32 34.8 8 1.2
40 40 43.5 10 1.2
50 50 53.5 12 1.6
60 60 64.2 14 1.6
70 70 75.0 16 2
80 80 85.5 18 2
100 100 107.0 24 2.5

DIN 69871
(mm)

CAT shank

Standard of milling cutter hole (KSB3203)

(mm)
Shank No
Shank No
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 L1 L2 L3 L b M
30 50.0 44.3 31.75 13 17.8 47.8 16.4 19.0 33.5 16. M121.75
40 63.5 56.2 44.45 17 24.5 68.4 22.8 25.0 42.5 16.1 M162
45 82.5 57.2 57.15 21 33.0 82.7 29.1 31.3 52.5 19.3 M202.5
50 97.5 91.2 68.85 25 40.1 101.7 35.5 37.7 61.5 25.7 M243
D1 D2 M d1 d2 d3 L1 L2 L3 G
CAT40 63.5 56.36 44.45 44.45 16.28 21.84 68.25 28.45 4.78 5/8-11
CAT45 82.55 75.41 57.15 57.15 19.46 27.69 82.55 38.1 4.78 3/4-10
CAT50 98.43 91.29 69.85 69.85 26.19 35.05 101.6 44.45 6.35 1-8

Type A
DH7 E F r
+ 0.015
0
+ 0.015
0
+ 0.018
0
+ 0.018
0
+ 0.021
0
+ 0.021
0
+ 0.021
0
+ 0.025
0
+ 0.025
0
+ 0.025
0
+ 0.030
0
+ 0.030
0
+ 0.030
0
+ 0.035
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.3
0
+ 0.3
0
+ 0.3
0
+ 0.3
0
+ 0.3
0
+ 0.3
0
+ 0.16
+ 0.06
+ 0.16
+ 0.06
+ 0.16
+ 0.06
+ 0.19
+ 0.07
+ 0.19
+ 0.07
+ 0.19
+ 0.07
+ 0.23
+ 0.08
+0.23
+0.08
+ 0.23
+ 0.08
+ 0.275
+ 0.095
+ 0.275
+ 0.095
+ 0.275
+ 0.095
+ 0.275
+ 0.095
+ 0.32
+ 0.11

Type B
DH7 E F r
+ 0.018
0
+ 0.018
0
+ 0.021
0
+ 0.021
0
+ 0.021
0
+ 0.025
0
+ 0.025
0
+ 0.025
0
+ 0.03
0
+ 0.03
0
+ 0.03
0
+ 0.035
0
+ 0.035
0
+ 0.035
0
+ 0.04
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.25
0
+ 0.31
+ 0.13
+ 0.31
+ 0.13
+ 0.31
+ 0.13
+ 0.31
+ 0.13
+ 0.31
+ 0.13
+ 0.32
+ 0.14
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
+0.89
+0.25
2
1
8
5
4
3
8
7
4
1
2
1
3
4
1
1
1
2
3
4
2
1
2
1
2
1
Diameter Diameter
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Endmills
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27 K

-Excellent -Good
Deff =Dsin arccos

Features of number of flute

vc=
vf= nfn or nfzz
vc : Cutting speed(m/min)
: Circular constant (3.141592)
D : Endmill diameter(mm)
n : Revolution per minute(min
vf : Feed speed(m/min)
fn : Feed per revolution(mm/rev)
fz : Feed per flute (mm/t)
z : Number of flute
Dn
1000
n=
1000vc
D
vc1000
D
fn=
vf
n
fz=
or
fn
z
vf
nz

Calculations of feed speed

44mm
2
46mm
2
48mm
2
56% 58% 61%

Affection of number of flute

n =
Dn
1000
vc =
vf
zn
D-2ap
D
fz =
fn = fzz
vf = fzz n
Q = ae ap vf
( )
Deff =2 Dap-ap Calculation Table
Endmills shape and names
The comparison according to number of flute
The differences between general endmills and high speed endmills
Calculations of cutting condition Ball endmills cutting speed calculation formulas

Calculations of Cutting speed

Revolution per minute
Cutting speed
Feed per tooth
Feed per revolution
Feed speed
Chip removal rate
Effective diameter of Ball Endmill
Usages
Shape
Ratio
Cross section
Advantages
Disadvantages
Good chip flow
Weak rigidity
Side facing, Grooving
Multi-functional
Good chip flow
Difficult to measure external diameter
Side facing, Grooving
Medium, finishing
High rigidity
Bad chip flow
Side cutting
Finishing
Major features Specification 2 flutes 4 flutes
Surface finish
Chip control
Grooving
Side facing
Tool rigidity
Torsional rigidity
Bending rigidity
Surface roughness
Machining precision
Chip clogging
Chip evacuation
Chip evacuation
Grooving
Surface finish
Vibration
Cross section shape
General endmills High speed endmills
Features Cross section shape Features
- Applied for Low speed, High depth of cut, Low feed
- Low hardness workpiece(general steel, cast iron)
- Applied for high speed, low depth of cut, high feed
- Useful for hardened workpiece such as die steel
2 flutes (SSE2100)

10mm 3 flutes (SSE3100) 4 flutes (SSE4100)

Shank
diameter
Cutting length
Diameter
Shank length
Total length
Peripheral Cutting edge
Helix angle
Concavity
angle
The 2nd end relief
The 3rd end relief
End Cutting edge
Coner
The 2nd relief angle
The 3rd relief angle
Endmills
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28 K
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 150 180 200 250 300 External
vc
Aspect ratio
/d
Ex) 3D, 15D, 22D
Deformation rate is reaction force against external force.
Proportional to the cube of length
Set flute length and overall length as short as possible
The more flute the better rigidity
When flute width rate is narrower drills rigidity is higher.
=
P
3
3El
The affection of flute length
Spindle revolution conversion table(RPM) - external diameter

Expression of aspect ratio

Deformation rate according to length
= Deformation volume = Length of cut I = Inertia moment ( )
P= Cutting force E= Elasticity coefficient
=
64
d
4
2
1
1
= 81 = 2
31,831
21,221
15,915
12,732
10,610
9,095
7,958
7,074
6,366
4,244
3,183
2,546
2,122
1,819
1,592
1,415
1,273
1,157
1,061
979
909
849
796
749
707
670
637
579
531
490
455
424
398
374
354
335
318
303
289
277
265
255
47,746
31,831
23,873
19,099
15,915
13,642
11,937
10,610
9,549
6,366
4,775
3,820
3,183
2,728
2,387
2,122
1,910
1,736
1,592
1,469
1,364
1,273
1,194
1,123
1,061
1,005
955
868
796
735
682
637
597
562
531
503
477
455
434
415
398
382
63,662
42,441
31,831
25,465
21,221
18,189
15,915
14,147
12,732
8,488
6,366
5,093
4,244
3,638
3,183
2,829
2,546
2,315
2,122
1,959
1,819
1,698
1,592
1,498
1,415
1,340
1,273
1,157
1,061
979
909
849
796
749
707
670
637
606
579
554
531
509
79,577
53,052
39,789
31,831
26,526
22,736
19,894
17,684
15,915
10,610
7,958
6,366
5,305
4,547
3,979
3,537
3,183
2,894
2,653
2,449
2,274
2,122
1,989
1,872
1,768
1,675
1,592
1,447
1,326
1,224
1,137
1,061
995
969
884
838
796
758
723
692
663
637
95,493
63,662
47,746
38,197
31,831
27,284
23,873
21,221
19,009
12,732
9,549
7,639
6,366
5,457
4,775
4,244
3,820
3,472
3,183
2,938
2,728
2,546
2,387
2,247
2,122
2,010
1,910
1,736
1,592
1,469
1,364
1,273
1,194
1,123
1,061
1,005
955
909
868
830
796
764
111,408
74,272
55,704
44,563
37,136
31,831
27,852
24,757
22,282
14,854
11,141
8,913
7,427
6,366
5,570
4,951
4,456
4,051
3,714
3,428
3,183
2,971
2,785
2,621
2,476
2,345
2,228
2,026
1,857
1,714
1,592
1,485
1,393
1,311
1,238
1,173
1,114
1,061
1,013
969
928
891
127,324
84,883
63,662
50,930
42,441
36,378
31,831
28,294
25,465
16,977
12,732
10,186
8,488
7,276
6,366
5,659
5,093
4,630
4,244
3,918
3,638
3,395
3,183
2,996
2,829
2,681
2,546
2,315
2,122
1,959
1,819
1,698
1,592
1,498
1,415
1,340
1,273
1,213
1,157
1,107
1,061
1,019
143,239
95,493
71,620
57,296
47,746
40,926
35,810
31,831
28,648
19,099
14,324
11,459
9,549
8,185
7,162
6,366
5,730
5,209
4,775
4,407
4,093
3,820
3,581
3,370
3,183
3,016
2,865
2,604
2,387
2,204
2,046
1,910
1,790
1,685
1,592
1,508
1,432
1,364
1,302
1,246
1,194
1,146
159,155
106,103
79,577
63,662
53,052
45,473
39,789
35,368
31,831
21,221
15,915
12,732
10,610
9,095
7,958
7,074
6,366
5,787
5,305
4,897
4,547
4,244
3,979
3,745
3,537
3,351
3,183
2,894
2,653
2,449
2,274
2,122
1,989
1,872
1,768
1,675
1,592
1,516
1,447
1,384
1,326
1,273
190,986
127,324
95,493
76,394
63,662
54,567
47,746
42,441
38,197
25,465
19,099
15,279
12,732
10,913
9,549
8,488
7,639
6,945
6,366
5,876
5,457
5,093
4,775
4,494
4,244
4,021
3,820
3,472
3,183
2,938
2,728
2,546
2,387
2,247
2,122
2,010
1,910
1,819
1,736
1,661
1,592
1,528
222,817
148,545
111,408
89,127
74,272
63,662
55,704
49,515
44,563
29,709
22,282
17,825
14,854
12,732
11,141
9,903
8,913
8,102
7,427
6,856
6,366
5,942
5,570
5,243
4,951
4,691
4,456
4,051
3,714
3,428
3,183
2,971
2,785
2,621
2,476
2,345
2,228
2,122
2,026
1,938
1,857
1,783
23,872
159,155
119,366
95,493
79,577
68,209
59,683
53,052
47,746
31,831
23,873
19,099
15,915
13,642
11,937
10,610
9,549
8,681
7,958
7,346
6,821
6,366
5,968
5,617
5,305
5,026
4,775
4,341
3,979
3,673
3,410
3,183
2,984
2,809
2,653
2,513
2,387
2,274
2,170
2,076
1,989
1,910
286,479
190,986
143,239
114,592
95,493
81,851
71,620
63,662
57,296
38,197
28,648
22,918
19,099
16,370
14,324
12,732
11,459
10,417
9,549
8,815
8,185
7,639
7,162
6,741
6,366
6,031
5,730
5,209
4,775
4,407
4,093
3,820
3,581
3,370
3,183
3,016
2,865
2,728
2,604
2,491
2,387
2,292
318,310
212,207
159,155
127,324
106,103
90,946
79,577
70,736
63,662
42,441
31,831
25,465
21,221
18,189
15,915
14,147
12,732
11,575
10,610
9,794
9,095
8,488
7,958
7,490
7,074
6,701
6,366
5,787
5,305
4,897
4,547
4,244
3,979
3,745
3,537
3,351
3,183
3,032
2,894
2,768
2,653
2,546
397,887
265,258
198,944
159,155
132,629
113,682
99,472
88,419
79,577
53,052
39,789
31,831
26,526
22,736
19,894
17,684
15,915
14,469
13,263
12,243
11,368
10,610
9,947
9,362
8,842
9,377
7,958
7,234
6,631
6,121
5,684
5,305
4,974
4,681
4,421
4,188
3,979
9,789
3,617
3,460
3,316
3,183
477,465
318,310
238,732
190,986
159,155
136,419
119,366
106,103
95,793
63,662
47,746
38,197
31,831
27,284
23,873
21,221
19,099
17,362
15,915
14,691
13,642
12,732
11,937
11,234
10,610
10,052
9,549
8,681
7,958
7,346
6,821
6,366
5,968
5,617
5,305
5,026
4,775
4,547
4,341
4,152
3,979
3,820
Cutting speed (vc, m/min)
29 K
Endmills
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Tool failure and trouble shooting

Causes Troubles
Solution
Cutting condition Tool shape Grade etc
Improper cutting condition
Improper cutting condition
Generating built up edge
Weak tool rigidity
Improper grade
Improper cutting conditions
Excessive cutting load
Excessive overhang
Generating built-up edge
Chattering
Poor straightness
Improper cutting conditions
Improper tool shape
Excessive cutting volume
Improper chip pocket
Improper cutting conditions
Excessive periphery cutting edge
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Chipping
Fracture during
operation
Poor surface finish
Poor machining precision
(Machined size, Perpendicularity)
Bad chip evacuation
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Drilling
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30 K
Shape and the feature of cutting
Helix angle
Length of flute
Point angle
Margin
Web thickness
Back taper
Thinning
The shape of drills and the names
Types of
X type
S type
Good centering
High central thickness
Crank shaft
For wide use
For general
Easy regrinding
Mach drill(MSD)
Vulcan drill(VZD)
Solid drill(SSD)
Edge shape Feature Korloys drills
Margin width
Chisel edge
Flute width
Drill diameter
Chisel angle
Width of land
Cutting edge
Heel
Shank diameter
Point relief angle
Helix angle
Height of point
Cuting face
Flute length
Total length
Relief angle
Flank
Lead
Poor machinability low - Helix angle - high Smooth chip evacuation
Hard workpiece(hardened steel) low - Helix angle - high Soft material(aluminum etc)
Plays rake angle of cutting edges role If helix angle increases Cutting force decreases. On the other hand If helix angle is too big Drill rigidity
decreases.
thrust resistance decrease low - Point angle - high thrust resistance increase
Torque increase, Burr on exit increase low - Point angle - high Torque decrease, Burr on exit decrease
Soft material(aluminum etc) low - Point angle - high Hard workpiece(hardened steel)
Point angle has big influence on cutting performance. It mainly depends on workpiece. In case of standard drills Point angle is generally 118.
Cutting force decrease small - Margin - big Cutting force increase
Poor guide small - Margin - big Good guide
While machining Margin is the part of contact between workpiece and drills external. It prevents bending and plays guides role .
It depends on drill size.
Cutting force decrease small - Web thickness - big Cutting force increase
Rigidity decrease small - Web thickness - big Rigidity increase
Good chip evacuation small - Web thickness - big Bad chip evacuation
Soft material(aluminum etc) small - Web thickness - big Hard workpiece(hardened steel)
Web is the part of center of drill and drills rigidity depends on the web. Drill needs cutting edge, chisel edge, at the tip of drill because drill
makes a hole at the beginning of drilling . When web thickness is big Thinning is needed to reduce cutting force.
The path of both chip evacuation and cooling lubricant. Too big length of flute weakens drill rigidity and too small length of flute worsens chip
evacuation to breakage.
Drill diameter size is getting smaller from point to shank in order to avoid the friction between drill periphery and workpiece. The decrease of
diameter divided by flute length 100mm generally becomes 0.04~0.1mm. As for high performance drills and drills for hole shrinkage workpiece
during operation have big back taper.
In general drills Thrust effects on chisel over 50%. Chisel edge length depends on web thickness and chisel angle. But if web is thin Drill rigidity
weaken. Therefore without web thickness change Thinning makes chisel edge short or gives rake angle. In other words, Thinning makes rake
angle at chisel and improves chip evacuation and decrease thrust.
Drilling
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31 K
vc =
Dn
(m/min)
1000
fn =
vf
(mm/rev)
n
Md : Cutting torque (kgcm)
T : Cutting thrust (kg)
D : Drill diameter (mm)
fn : Feed per revolution(mm/rev)
K : Material coefficient
= tan
-1 D
L
Md = KD
2
(0.0631+1.686fn)(kgcm)
T = 57.95KDfn
0.85
(kg)
( )
tc =
Id
(min)
nfn
Cast iron (Gray)
Cast iron
Cast iron (Ductile)
1020(carbon steel C 0.2%)
1112(C 0.12, S 0.2%)
1335(Mn 1.75%)
3115 (Ni 1.25, Cr 0.6, Mn 0.5)
3120 (Ni 1.25, Cr 0.6, Mn 0.7)
3140
4115 (Cr 0.5, Mo 0.11, Mn 0.8)
4130 (Cr 0.95, Mo 0.2, Mn 0.5)
4140 (Cr 0.95, Mo 0.2, Mn 0.85)
4615 (Ni 1.8, Mo 0.25, Mn 0.5)
4820 (Ni 3.5, Mo 0.25, Mn 0.6)
5150 (Cr 0.8, Mn 0.8)
6115 (Cr 0.6, Mn 0.6, V 0.12)
6120 (Cr 0.8, Mn 0.8, V 0.1)
Workpiece K1 m K2 n
Md : Cutting torque () fn : Feed (mm/rev) d : Drill diameter (mm)
T : Thrust () K1, K2, m, n : Experimental Data Characteristic value
Md = K1d
2
fn
m
T= K2dfn
n
21
28
35
55
62
63
53
69
88
63
77
94
75
140
95
58
80
5.9
3.5
2.5
1.5
1.4
2.0
0.3
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.90
0.88
0.94
0.57
125.0
55.0
44.4
33.3
27.0
21.6
6.4
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.78
0.74
0.75
0.55
Soft steel
Rolled steel
7-3 brass
Aluminum
Zinc
Gun metal
Galvanized Iron
177
198
224
160
183
197
163
174
241
167
229
269
212
390
277
174
255
1.00
1.39
1.88
2.22
1.42
1.45
1.56
2.02
2.32
1.62
2.10
2.41
2.12
3.44
2.46
2.08
2.22
Major cutting formulas
Cutting torque and thrust(calculation formulas)
Cutting torque and thrust (empirical formula)
vc : Cutting speed (m/min)
D : Drill diameter (mm)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
: Circular constant (3.14)
fn: Feed per revolution (mm/rev)
vf : Feed per minute (mm/min)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
Cutting speed Feed Helix angle Machining time
: Helix angle
D : Drill diameter (mm)
L : Lead (mm)
: Circular constant (3.14)
tc : Machining time (min)
n : Revolution per minute (min
-1
)
Id : Drilling time (mm)
fn : Feed (mm/rev)
Workpiece material(SAE/AISI) Tensile strength(/) Hardness(HB) Material coefficient K
Nickel Chrome
steel
General steel
Cast iron
Chrome
molybdenum steel
Nickel
molybdenum steel
Chrome steel
Chrome
vanadium steel
32 K
Drilling
Tool failures and solutions
: Increase : Decrease : Use : Correct use

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Causes Trouble
Solution
Cutting condition Tool shape Grade etc
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Chipping
Wear
Chip
Hole precision Burr,
Poor surface finish
Breakage
on contact
Fracture
Breakage
at hole
bottom
Too sharp cutting edge
(too big relief angle)
(thinning edge is too sharp)
Excessive cutting speed
Built-up edge
Vibration and chattering
Excessive cutting speed
(Abnormal wear at margin)
Insufficient cutting speed
(Abnormal wear at center)
Long chip
Over lap
Chip burning
Tool clamping precision
Excessive feed, sharp
point angle
Excessive cutting speed
(Considered tool grade)
Poor surface finish
Insufficient machine rigidity
Improper cutting condition
Crooked hole
Chip clogging
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33 K
Drilling
Hole size for threading

Metric coarse screw threads

Metric fine screw threads
Specification Hole diameter Specification Hole diameter
M1
M1.1
M1.2
M1.4
M1.6
M1.7
M1.8
M2
M2.2
M2.3
M2.5
M2.6
M3
M3
M3.5
M4
M4
M4.5
M5
M5
M5.5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M14
M16
M18
M20
M22
M24
M27
M30
M33
M36
M39
M42
M45
M48
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.75
0.7
0.75
0.9
0.8
0.9
1
1
1.25
1.25
1.5
1.5
1.75
2
2
2.5
2.5
2.5
3
3
3.5
3.5
4
4
4.5
4.5
5
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.1
1.25
1.35
1.45
1.6
1.75
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.9
3.25
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.2
4.6
5
6
6.8
7.8
8.5
9.5
10.3
12
14
15.5
17.5
19.5
21
24
26.5
29.5
32
35
37.5
40.5
43
M2.5
M3
M3.5
M4
M4.5
M5
M5.5
M6
M7
M8
M8
M9
M9
M10
M10
M10
M11
M11
M12
M12
M12
M14
M14
M15
M15
M16
M16
M17
M17
M18
M18
M18
M20
M20
M20
M22
M22
M22
M24
M24
M24
M25
M25
M25
M26
M27
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.75
0.75
1
0.75
1
0.75
1.25
1
0.75
1
0.75
1.5
1.25
1
1.5
1
1.5
1
1.5
1
1.5
1
2
1.5
1
2
1.5
1
2
1.5
1
2
1.5
1
2
1.5
1
1.5
2
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.3
6.3
7
7.3
8
8.3
8.8
9
9.3
10
10.3
10.5
10.8
11
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16
16.5
17
18
18.5
19
20
20.5
21
22
22.5
23
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
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34 K
Drilling
Collect chuck is favorable Because it has strong grip power
(General drill-chuck and Keyless chuck dont have enough grip power.)
Collect chuck General drill-chuck
When mounting drill Periphery chattering should be within 0.02.
Flute should not be clamped.
Supply enough coolant around hole entrance.
Standard cutting oil pressure : 3~5kg/, Flux : 2~5/min.
At high performance drilling High thrust, torque and horizontal cutting
force work at the same time so that workpiece should be clamped
strongly to prevent chattering.
Supply much coolant at hole entrance

Selection of drill chuck

Regrinding mathod (MACH drill)

Coolant supply

Mounting drill

How to clamp workpiece
1) For better drills life, small damage and wear are favorable to be reground.
2) Damage and wear size should be within 1.5for regrinding.
3) If drill has crack, regrinding is impossible.
4) Ordering for regrinding is acceptable or purchase regrinding machine
1) Preparation
-Determination of regrinding areas
Check the cutting edgefor damage
and wear If large fracture is found,
remove it by rough grinding.
Max.
0.02mm
2) Grinding operation
- Drills setting
Drill is clamped to collet
chuck Chattering is kept
within 0.02mm.
Cautions
Notice
Regrinding procedures
Periphery
chattering within
0.02
No clamping flute
Point
Thining
N/L, Horning
Strong clamping is needed
because bending causes chipping
Uniformed and strong clamping is
needed (Right and left, up and down)
Feed
mark
Chipping
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35 K
Drilling
3) Grinding operation-Grinding point
- Check damage and wear at the point and remove it completely.
- The difference of the lip height is kept within 0.02mm.
Point angle(a) : 140
Point relief angle(b)t : 8~15

Counter boring and size of bolt hole for hexagonal socket bolt
The difference of the
lip height Max. 0.02mm
4) Grinding operation-Thinning grinding
- Considering N/L width Cutting edge length from the center of drill axis should be
0.03~0.08mm for balancing.
- Set the wheel to tilt drill axis by 34`~ 40`
Thinning angle(a)`: 155`~160`/ Thining open angle(b) : 100`~105`
Thinning relief angle(c) : 34`~ 40`
5) Grinding - N/L grinding and honing
- Using diamond chisel Grinds the width flat along point cutting edge.
- After negaland operation Finishes with brush or handstone.
N/L width(a) : 0.05mm~0.16mm / N/L angle(b) : 24`~26`
N/L

TIP
Making point
- Without center drill, the point width should be below 0.10mm.
Recommended grinding condition
- Diamond wheel : 240~400 mesh
- Diamond chisel : 400~600 mesh
- Diamond hand stone : 800~1500 mesh
Hexagonal socket bolt(Clamping screw) size
d1
d
D
D
H
H
H
3
3.4
5.5
5
3
2.7
3.3
4
4.5
7
8
4
3.6
4.4
5
5.5
8.5
9.5
5
4.6
5.4
6
6.5
10
11
6
5.5
6.5
8
6
13
14
8
7.4
8.6
10
11
16
17.5
10
9.2
10.8
12
14
18
20
12
11.0
13.0
14
16
21
23
14
12.8
15.2
16
18
24
26
16
14.5
17.5
18
20
27
29
18
16.5
19.5
20
22
30
32
20
18.5
21.5
22
24
33
35
22
20.5
23.5
24
26
36
39
24
22.5
25.5
27
30
40
43
27
25
29
30
33
45
48
30
28
32
M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 ISO ( d)
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36
General Information II
G
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36 K
The comparison of chip breakers
D02 HU
HA
HS
GS
GR
HC
VM
GR
X38
B20
B25
HR
UZ
UX

KF
KM,QM
KR,QR
FF,FW
MP,MW
RN,UN
HA
HFP
LU
FP
PF
KF
MT-UF
MT-LF
GT-LF
GP
DP
HQ
FV
SQ

SM
01
PF
F1 PF5 FT FA
FG HMP
SJ,SU
SK
(PM)
(KM)
MT-LF
XQ
HQ
GK
SV
R/L
R/L-F
14,SM
17,19
PS
23
PM
F1
F2
PS4
PS5
C25
AR
AK
MA
AG AL HP A3 AS PP
ALU
ACB
FL
HMP AK
MF, MM
MR
DM
DS,DA
DF
C20
C21
51,53
56,58

SU,SP
SW,GF
GG,DT
C1,P1
85,86
S04
R06
SU
WF
WM
LUW
LF (XQ)
FV

14,SM
17,19
SW
MW
WF
WG
SS
FA
FG
MT
WT
PS4
PM5
HMP
SF
MU
(PR)
(KR)
MT-MF

G
MV
MQ

19
24

F2
PM2
PM5
(PR5)
MT
F
GP
MS
AH PP
GC

ZS

MA
GH
GN

33

CM
MF3
M5
NS4,NS8

NM4
MT,RT

SU
EX
(GU)
MU
FL
MF
MM,QM
MR,QM
LC
FF,FW
FP,MP
MW,RN
GU,HU
XP,XQ
XS
MU,MS
FS, FJ
SH, MJ
MS, GJ
GH,FY
PP
TF
TF
SS
SA
TU
MS
MF1
MF3
M5
NS4
NM4
NR7
SF
FG,ML
MP,MT
RH,ET
EA
FA
FL
QF
GP
DP
CF
FS
FH
FY
SF TF
ZM
NM
F1
FA
FA
EA
GF VF
SU
LU
PF
FN
FP
K
FF
CQ
HQ
SA
SH
SY
NF
TSF
TS,SS
CF,ZF
NF
NF5
MF2
FT
UA
FG
SF
VM HC
SX
UU
SM P
CQ
HQ
SH
NF
RF
LF
NS4
NS8
MF1
GP
UR
PF
ML
B40 GH
B25 GR UZ 23 MG MT, MV GN GN
HG
MP
HP
HR RH HX
HZ
HV
HH
HX
TNM
TU
57
65
RR9 UC
RH
HT
GUW
LUW
VW
LW
WF,WM
WR,WL
MW
FW
RW
WQ
WP
MW
SW
WG
WF
AFW
ASW
M3,M5 NF,NM
WS
WT
GM VM
GU
UX
UG
PM
QM
MN
MP
GS
HS
CS
PS
MV
MA
MH
TF
PP
CM
TM
SM
NM,NM4
NM5
NM7
M3
MR3
MF5
UB
GG
MP
MC
MT
GR HR
MU
MX
PR RN
GT
HT

GH NR
TH
CH
NR5
NR7
MR4
M5
UD
RT

: Simple Type : Non - Name

Application
KORLOY
Main Sub
SANDVIK
KENNA-
METAL
MITSU
-BISHI
KYOCERA ISCAR TOSHIBA SECO DIJET TAEGUTEC WALTER SMITOMO
Finishing
For ultra-finishing
For medium to
finishing
F
o
r

s
t
e
e
l
Heavy duty
machining
For better surface
finish
WIPER I/S
Medium
machining
Roughing
N
E
G
A

T
Y
P
E
For general
Stainless steel,
soft steel
For cast iron
For aluminum
P
O
S
I

T
Y
P
E
F
o
r

s
t
e
e
l

c
a
s
t

i
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o
n
For medium to
finishing
(medium machining)
For finishing
Medium
machining
(Roughing)
For aluminum
For stainless steel
WIPER I/S
Indexable drills
PVD COATED
General Information II
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37 K
The comparison of grade for turning
ST05
ST10
ST15
ST20
MA2
ST30
ST30A
ST30N
ST40
U10
U20
U40
H02
H01
H05
H10
G10
ST10P
ST20E
A30
ST40E
U10E
U2
A30
A40
H1
G10E
PW30
KW10H
IC50M
IC54
IC4
IC20
IC28
S1P
SM30
S30T
S6
H13A
H10F
H1P
H10F
890HX
883
890HX
883
K45
KM
K420
K2885
K2S
K68
K8735
TX10S
TX20
TX30
TX40
TU10
TU20
TU40
TH03
TH10
KS20
STi10T
STi20T
UTi20T
UTi20T
HTi10T
HTi20T
SRN5
WS20B
EX35
EX40
EX45
WAM10B
EX35
WH05
W10
WH20
S1F
VC6
VC5
VC56
VC27
VC28
VC3
VC2
VC1
P10
P20
P30
P40
M10
M20
M40
UFI
K10
K20
K30
P
M
K
P
M
K
P
M
K
WC
CVD COATED
CERMET
P
M
K
PC230
PC3535
PC3545
PC9030
PC205K
PC215K
CN1000
CT10
CC115

CN2000
CN20
CN1000
EH510Z
EH520Z
T110A
T2000Z

T1200A
T3000Z

T1200A
T110A
T1200A
PR1005
PR915
PR1115
PR930
PR1025
PR630
PR660
PR915
PR930
PR1125
PR630
PR660
PV30

TN30
PV60

TN60
TN6020
TN90
IC220
IC570
IC907
IC507
IC520
IC907
IC3028
IC928
IC1008
IC1028
IC328
IC220
IC908
IC228
IC20N
IC520N
IC30N
IC530N
GC4125
GC1020
GC1025
GC2035
GC2145
CT5015
CT525
GC1525

CP200
CP250
CP500
CP200
CP250
CP500
CP200
CP250
CP500
CM
C15M
KU10T
KU25T
HT2
KT125
HT5
KT175
KT195M
AH710
GH730
AH330
AH740
AH120
GH330
AH330
GH330
AH120
GH730
AH140
AH110
GH110
AH120
NS520
GT530

NC530
NC540
NC730
VP15TF
VP20MF
UP20M
NX2525
NX3035
UP35N

AP25N

NX335
NX2525
NX2525
CZ25
CY110H
CH350
CZ25

CH530
CH550
CH570
VC907
VC927
VC905
VC929
VC927
VC902
VC901
VC905
VC929
VC903
VC927
VC902
VC901
VC907
VC83
WTA43
WTA41
WTA43

WTA41

TT5030
PV3010

CT3000
CT3000
ZM3
QM3
VM1
TAS
T3N
T15
N20
C30
N40
T15
JC8015
LN10
CX50
CX75
CX90
CX99
LN10
CX75
CX99
LN10
CX75
: PVD Coated cermet : New Grade
T
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ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET
ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET
ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET
ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET
NC3010

NC3020
NC3120

NC3030

NC500H
NC9020
NC3030

NC305K
NC6110

NC6010
NC315K
AC700G
AC2000
AC3000
AC610M
AC630M
AC410K
AC300G
AC700G
CA5505
CA5515
CA5525
CA5535
CA6515
CA6525
CA4110
CA4125
CR7015
IC8150
IC8250
IC8350
IC9025
IC5005
IC5010
IC428
IC9150
GC4005
GC4215
GC4225
GC4235
GC2015
GC2025
GC3205
GC3210
GC3215
TP1000
TP2500
TP2000
TP3000
TM2000
TM4000
TK1000
TK2000
KC9105
KC9110
KC9115
KU30T
KC9125
KC9240
KC9245
KC9215
KC9225
KC9245
KC9315
KC9325
T9005
T9015
T9025
T9035
T5105
T5115
T5125
UE6005
UE6110
UE6020
UE6035
US7020
US735
UC5105
UC5115
HG8010
HG8025
GM25
GX30
HG3315
GM8015
GM8020
VP5515
VP5525
VP5535
MR8515
MR8525
VP1505
VP1510
VP5515
WPP01
WPP05
WPP10
WPP20
WPP30
WAM20
WAM30
WAK10
WAK20
TT8115
TT3500
TT5100
TT7100
TT5100
TT7310
TT1300
CP5
CP2
CP5
JC110V
JC215V
JC325V
JC450
JC5003
JC110V
JC5015
JC105V
JC110V
JC215V
38 K
General Information II
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The comparison of grade for milling
NCM325
NCM335
NCM335
ACP100
ACK100
ACK200
IC520M
IC635
IC4050
GC4220
GC4230
GC4240
GC2040
GC3220
T20M
T250M
T350M
MP2500
MK1500
MK3000
KC992M
T325
T3030
T1015
F7030
F5010
SM245
V01
VN8
WQM15
WKP25
WQM25
WKP35
WQM35
WQM25
WTP35
WXP45
WAK15
WKP25
WKP35
TT7800
QM3
P
M
K
P
M
K
CVD COATED
CERMET
P
M
K
PVD COATED
PC3525
PC230
PC3535
PC3545
PC9530
PC3545
PC205K
PC6510
PC215K
CN20
CN30
AC230
ACP200
ACZ330
ACP300
ACZ350
ACP200
ACP300
ACZ350
T250A
T250A
PR730
PR830
PR630
PR660
PR730
PR1025
PR630
PR660
PR510
PR905
TN100M
TC60M
IC903
IC908
IC950
IC1008
IC928
IC903
IC900
IC250
IC928
IC328
DT7150
IC900
IC910
IC950
IC350
IC30N
GC1030
GC1030
GC1025
GC2030
GC1030
CT530
F25M
F30M
F40M
T60M
F25M
F30M
F40M
KC522M
KUC20M
KC525M
KUC30M
KC935M
KC7140
KC720
KC5510
KC7020
KC7030
KC722
KC510M
KC915M
KC520M
KT195M
AH120
AH120
AH140
AH120
NS540
NS740
VP15TF
AP20M
GP20M
UP20M
VP30RT
VP10MF
VP15TF
VP20RT
NX2525
NX4545
NX2525
PTH08M
PCA08M
PCS08M
PCA12M
PC20M
JX1005
TB6005
JX1020
CY9020
JX1045
TB6045
CY250
PTH30E
JX1060
PTH40H
TB6060
GF30
GX30
JX1020
CY9020
JX1015
TB6020
CY250
JX1045
TB6045
JX1060
TB6060
CH550
CH570
VC935
VC928
VC902
VC901
VC903
VC928
VC902
VC901
WQM35
WSP45
TT7070
TT7080
TT7030
TT8020
TT9080
TT8020
TT6030
TT6060
TT6290
CT3000
CT5000
C50
JC8015
JC8015
M
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M
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ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET
ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET
ISO KORLOY SUMITOMO KYOCERA ISCAR SANDVIK SECO KENNAMETAL TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI HITACHI VALENITE WALTER TAECUTEC NTK DIJET