Properties of Reservoir Fluids
Introduction
Fall2010
Shahab Gerami
WhyDoWeStudyPhaseBehavior?
Natural gas and crude oil are naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures that are found underground and at elevated conditions of pressure and temperature. They are generally referred to as petroleum fluids. Petroleum fluids are principally made up of hydrocarbons; but few non hydrocarbon components may be present such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
WhyDoWeStudyPhaseBehavior?
Phase Behavior has many implications in natural gas and petroleum engineering. Pressure, volume, temperature (PVT) relations are required in: simulating reservoirs, evaluating reserves, forecasting production, designing production facilities and designing gathering and transportation systems.
WhyDoWeStudyPhaseBehavior?
Every hydrocarbon molecule in the reservoir is to embark on a fascinating journey from beneath the earth, passing through a great deal of intermediate stages, to be finally dumped into our atmosphere upon combustion (release of energy). Phase Behavior is the part of thermodynamics that gives us the tools for the complete understanding of how fluids behave at any of those stages.
WhyDoWeNeedPVTData?
AllReservoirEngineering CalculationsRequirePVTData.AmountoftheData RequiredDepends ontheProcess Reserves ReservoirSimulation MaterialBalanceCalculations PressureTransient Testing EnhancedOilRecovery Flowline,WellboreHydraulicsCalculationsWellCompletion ToSizeandDesign FacilitiesandEquipment ProductionTest ToAnticipate PotentialOperating orEnvironmentProblems WellCompletion
FieldDevelopment
Reservoir Information ReservoirSimulator
PVTDATA ROCKDATA FLUIDROCKDATA RESERVOIRGEOMETRYDATA WELLDATA GEOLOGYDATA SIESMICDATA . . . . .
ProductionForecast
EconomicStudyandDecision MakingfortheField Development
PVT Models
Production of Oil and Gas from the Reservoir
A Series of Pressure and Temperature Changes
Change in the Volumetric and Transport Behavior of Reservoir Fluids
Q: How do we quantify the real oil and gas volumes under various pressures and temperatures?
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Typical Oil and Gas Separation System
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TheDrivetoIntegration
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PVT Models
There are basically two models to predict phase behavior of reservoir fluids: 1. Black Oil Models ( G+ O) 2. Compositional Models (G, yi, O, yi)
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PVT Models- Black Oil Model
Black Oil models describe volumetric properties using correlations in terms of measured macroscopic properties such as API gravity, bubble point pressures, and gas gravities, pressure and temperature. 1. Has only two components named as the phases: Gas (G) and Oil (O). 2. The G component may be dissolved in the oil phase and this is taken into account through the solution gas oil ratio (Rs). However, the oil component (O), cannot dissolve in the gas phase. 3. Volumetric properties are determined from separate correlations for gas and oil phases.
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PVT Models- Compositional
Compositional models require compositional information in addition to the primary variables: pressure and temperature. 1. Oilandgasaremixturesofseveralcomponents 2. Allcomponentsmaybepresent inbothphases (liquidandgas) 3. Volumetric properties of the phases are determined as a function of pressure, temperature, and the phase compositions using the same model an Equation of State (EOS) for all phases.
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CourseOutline
FundamentaloftheBehaviorofHydrocarbonFluids PureComponent PhysicalProperties PropertiesofNaturalGases PhaseBehaviorofCrudeOils Vapor LiquidPhaseEquilibrium AnIntroductiontoEquationofStates AnIntroductiontoSplittingandLumpingScheme SamplingfromOilandGasReservoir PVTStudiesRegardingtoFluidofanIranianReservoir
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References
Petroleumreservoirengineering Amyx RESERVOIRFLUIDS HEINEMANN&WEINHARDT Propertiesofpetroleumfluids McCain Hydrocarbonphasebehavior Ahmad PVTandphasebehaviorofpetroleumreservoir fluids Danesh Thermodynamicofhydrocarbonreservoir Firoozabadi SPEphasebehaviormonograph Whitson SPEpapersandlecturenotes
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GRADINGPOLICY
Assignments Quiz MidtermExam FinalExam 20% 20% 15% 45%
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