Topologies for SharePoint Server 2010
Physical servers, service applications and components, and services on server
Overview
The traditional three-tier roles of a Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 farm can be deployed on a single server or many servers. The three-tier roles include: Web server role Application server role Database server role In a small farm, server roles can be combined onto one or two servers. For example, the Web server and application server roles can be combined on a single server or onto two or more servers to achieve redundancy.
Server roles
Web server
Host Web pages, Web services, and Web Parts that are necessary to process requests served by the farm. Direct requests to the appropriate application servers. This role is necessary for farms that include other SharePoint Server 2010 capabilities. In dedicated search service farms, this role is not necessary because Web servers at remote farms contact query servers directly. In small farms, this role can be shared on a server with the query role.
Components for service applications
None.
Services on server
Services listed in this row are recommended for Web servers.
Other services
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Incoming E-Mail
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Web Application
* Microsoft SharePoint Foundation User Code Service
Windows SharePoint Services Workflow Timer Service *
* Can also be deployed to application servers.
Service applications
Service applications are services that are shared across sites within a farm (for example, Search and Excel Calculation Services). Some service applications can be shared across multiple farms. Service applications are deployed to the application server tier. Some services include multiple components and deployment of these components require planning. For example: The Search service application includes multiple application components and multiple databases. The People service application includes multiple databases. Each service application is associated with at least one service on the Services on Server page in Central Administration.
Application server roles
Application server roles are associated with services that can be deployed to a physical computer. Each service represents a separate application service that can potentially reside on a dedicated application server. Services with similar usage and performance characteristics can be grouped on a server and scaled out onto multiple servers together. For example, client-related services can be combined into a service group. After deployment, look for services that consume a disproportionate amount of resources and consider placing these services on dedicated hardware.
Search roles (cross-farm)
Query Includes index partitions and query components. Includes the search administration component and crawlers.
Other cross-farm services
User Profile Managed Metadata
Business Data Connectivity
Services associated with service applications
Web Analytics
Cross-farm services can be shared across multiple farms.
Other services
Visio Graphics Service Web Analytics Data Processing Service Web Analytics Web service Word Automation Services Application Registry Service Central Administration
Document Conversions Launcher Service Document Conversions Load Balancer Service
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Incoming E-Mail
* Microsoft SharePoint Foundation User Code Service
Access Database Services Business Data Connectivity Excel Calculation Services Lotus Notes Connector
Managed Metadata Web Service
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Subscription Settings Service
Secure Store Service SharePoint Server Search User Profile Service
User Profile Synchronization Service
Crawl
Secure Store Service
PerformancePoint Service Search Query and Site Settings Service
SharePoint Foundation Search
Services on server
The Services on Server page in Central Administration lists services that are started or stopped on specific servers in the farm: Some of these services are associated with service applications. You deploy service applications by starting the associated services on the desired server computers. Some of these services are not associated with service applications. This model lists these services and indicates which server roles the services are recommended for. Note: Search components for the query and crawl roles are deployed to servers using the Search service application pages in Central Administration, not the Services on Server page.
Client-related services (single farm)
Access Service
Visio Graphics Service
Other single-farm services
PowerPoint Usage and Health Data Collection Performance Point State Service
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Subscription Settings
Single-farm services can be used only within a single farm.
Excel Calculation Services
Word Services Word Viewing
Windows PowerShell only
Database server Scaling out a farm with server groups
In SharePoint Server 2010, the number of services and corresponding databases is greater than previous releases. The recommendation for scaling out a farm is to group services or databases with similar performance characteristics onto dedicated servers and then scale out the servers as a group. For example, group all client-related services onto one or two servers and then add servers to this group as needed to satisfy user demand for these services. In some cases, you might need to create a dedicated server group for a single service, such as Excel Calculation Services or Search. This model groups service applications and related components (for example, databases) into several different logical groupings that can be used as a starting point. In large environments, the specific groups that evolve for a farm depends on the specific demands for each service. Note: Server groups is a planning concept. This term and concept is not found in Central Administration.
In a small-farm environment, all databases can be deployed to a single server. In larger environments, group databases by roles and deploy these to multiple database servers.
Search databases
Search Admin db Property db Property db
Other service databases
Business Data Connectivity
Secure Store Service
Usage and Health Data Collection
Profile
Profile Synchronization
Social Tagging User Profile databases
Crawl db
Crawl db
Multiple property and crawl databases for medium- and large-sized farms.
Managed Metadata State Service
Windows SharePoint Services Subscription Settings
Detailed service guidance
This table lists the services that appear on the Services on Server page in Central Administration and provides additional topology guidance, if it applies. Note that search service application components are deployed to servers by using the search administration page, not the Services on Server page.
Service Is this service associated with a service application?
Yes No Yes No No No
Server recommendation
Additional information
Content databases
Content Content Content Multiple content databases, depending on the volume of content and sizing goals for an environment.
Access Database Services Application Registry Service Business Data Connectivity Central Administration Document Conversions Launcher Service Document Conversions Load Balancer Service
Application server Application server Application server Application server Application server Application server This service runs the Central Administration site. Schedules and initiates the document conversions on a server. Balances document conversion requests from across the server farm. Each Web application can only have one load balancer registered with it at a time. Backward compatibility version of the Business Data Catalog service.
Content
Content
Small to medium topology examples
Limited deployments
Limited deployments
Description: Evaluation environments and production environments for limited numbers of users. One-server farm
Evaluation or <100 users All roles on one server, including SQL Server
Large farm examples
Topologies with server groups
The recommendation for scaling out a large farm is to group services or databases with similar performance characteristics onto dedicated servers and then scale out the servers as a group. The following topology illustrates a practical example of this concept. The red text lists one possible way to build server groups.
Excel Calculation Services Lotus Notes Connector Managed Metadata Web Service Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Incoming E-Mail Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Subscription Settings Service
Yes Yes Search Yes No
Application server Application server Start this service on the index server. Application server Web server or application server Typically, this service runs on a Web server. If you need to isolate this service, you can start it on an application server. Start this service if you have deployed service applications in multitenant mode or if the farm includes sites using site subscriptions. This service stores settings and configuration data for tenants in a multitenant environment. After it is started, Web applications consume this service automatically. This service runs code deployed as part of a sandboxed solution in a remote, rights-restricted process and measures the server resources used during execution against a site collection-scoped, daily quota. This service provides Web server functionality. It is started by default on Web servers. This service is required to crawl content from Lotus Notes Domino Servers.
Medium farm architectures
Medium topologies
The medium server farm illustrated is scaled for search to serve approximately 40 million items. Beyond this search scale, the recommendation is to deploy a dedicated search farm. Scale out all other servers based on the utilization of other services within the farm and the volume of content the farm will host.
Yes Note: This service application is deployed only by using Windows PowerShell.
Web server or application server In hosting environments, this service is typically started on one or more application servers.
Two-tier farm
Up to 10,000 users All Web and application server roles
Web servers
The number of users will affect the requirement for Web servers. Factor 10,000 users per Web server as a starting point. Adjust the number based on how heavily the servers are utilized. Heavy use of client services will increase the load on Web servers.
Web servers
Web server group 1
Web server group 2
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation User Code Service
No
Web server or application server Start this service on computers in the farm that run sandboxed code. This can include Web servers and application servers. Web server Ensure that this service is started on all Web servers in a farm. Stop this service on application servers. Web server
Databases
High availability For environments above 1,000, two clustered or mirrored database servers are recommended. Application servers
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Web Application
Start with all application server roles installed on one server (except search roles). Based on utilization, consider either adding additional servers with all the non-search roles installed, or add additional servers to dedicate resources to specific services. For example, if performance data indicates that Excel Services is using a disproportionate amount of resources, offload this service to a dedicated server. Web servers for all incoming requests Dedicated Web server(s) for crawling and administration
No
Small farm topologies
Small multi-purpose SharePoint Server 2010 topologies
Description: Small farm architectures serve a larger number of users and scale out based on how heavily services are used. Due to the greater number of services, including client Web applications, more requests per user are expected in the new version compared with the old version. Two-tier small farm
Two Web servers are predicted to serve 10,000-20,000 users Database servers
Combined query and crawl server
Application servers
All other application server roles and services
Application server group 1
Application server group 2
Application server group 3
Application server group 4
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Workflow Timer Service PerformancePoint Service Search Query and Site Settings Service
No
This service is automatically configured to run on all Web servers in a farm.
Yes Yes Search
Application server Application server Start this service on all query servers in a farm. However, if it becomes memory intensive, consider moving this service to a dedicated computer to free up memory for query processing. Application server In a SharePoint Foundation farm, start this service on the search server. In a SharePoint Server farm, this service is only needed to search online Help. Start the service on any server in the farm. Automatically configured to run on the appropriate computers. Application server Application server Application server Application server Application server Application server Performs automated bulk document conversions. When actively converting, this service will fully utilize one CPU for each worker process (configured in Central Administration). If the service is started on multiple servers, a job will be shared across all the servers. This service provides search in a SharePoint Foundation farm. For SharePoint Server farms, this service is only used to search online Help. Start this service only on one computer. Load balances queries across query servers. Also detects farm-level changes to the search service and puts these in the Search Admin database.
Add additional database servers based on the volume of content in your environment and sizing targets for your organization. Search databases All other SharePoint databases Database servers
Crawl servers
Query servers
All other services (use on of these servers for the Central Admin site)
Servers for running sandboxed code
Three-tier small farm
Add a dedicated application server for environments with moderate service usage.
Three-tier small farm optimized for search
With hardware dedicated to search databases, this topology is optimized for search to work well in environments with up to 10 million items.
Database group 1
Database group 2
Database group 3
Secure Store Service SharePoint Foundation Search
Yes No
Search databases Web server Query server Web server Query server All other app roles Web/Query server Web/Query server
Content databases
All other SharePoint databases
SharePoint Server Search User Profile Service User Profile Synchronization Service Visio Graphics Service
Yes Search Yes Yes Yes Yes Web Analytics Yes Web Analytics Yes
This service cannot be stopped or started from the Services on Server page.
Application server All SharePoint databases All SharePoint databases
Application server
Web Analytics Data Processing Service
Search databases All other SharePoint databases
Web Analytics Web service Word Automation Services
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