FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

RESOURCE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT DATA REQUIREMENTS

PURPOSE Presented herein is the range of information that needs to be gathered for the assessment of key biodiversity areas for potential site-focused projects of FPE. These include assessment of biodiversity and the socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical situation of the sites. The Resource and Socio-Economic Assessment (RSEA) will provide the technical information needed to assess and plan the most appropriate intervention for the site. Specifically, the RSEA is intended for the following purpose and uses: 1) Baseline inventory in sites without previous studies, the RSEA will provide the baseline inventory and information on the general status of biodiversity and other information; 2) Habitat and species assessments - Gather information on the status of habitats and species. This is important for identifying focus habitats and species for the conservation intervention (e.g., threatened habitats and species). The RSEA may also provide information that is indicative of the general health or condition of the area, habitat or species; 3) Change assessment In sites with baseline information and/or previous conservation interventions, the RSEA would provide the information on the effects of disturbances or conservation interventions on the area, habitat or species; 4) Socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical resource assessment provides information on the factors that contribute to the condition or state of the site and determines the potential for conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity in the area. RSEA DATA REQUIREMENT Component Objective Output Recommended Methodology

I. BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE
A. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
1. Habitats Identification of the major habitats in the area and location of each habitat list of habitat types area of each habitat type (in hectares) habitat map (geoSurvey using GPS Survey using GPS Survey using GPS

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component

Objective
To identify how each habitat type is utilized and valued by the community

Output
referenced) List of activities within the habitat Effects of habitat use List of plants per habitat Community structure (life stage, growth habit and form)

Recommended Methodology
- Interviews & direct observation Interviews Direct obs. transect - quadrat Identification of life stage, growth habit and form per identified individual within the transect quadrat Index of Dominance (e.g. Simpsons index) Index of Diversity (e.g., ShannonWeiner) Table survey Interviews, direct observation, literature review Mist netting: birds, bats Transect walk: birds, herps Trapping: herps mammals bioacoustics: all Secondary literature; direct observation Interviews, direct observation, literature review

1. Flora (per habitat type)

To know the plant community structure and composition of each habitat type

Plant diversity index per habitat

To identify important species for conservation To gather information on the value of the plants in the area 2. Fauna Inventory of fauna per habitat type

Per habitat type: Birds Herpetofauna (reptiles & amphibians) Mammals Other groups depending on availability of expertise

List of threatened, endemic, invasive plants List of plants and plant parts with scientific, cultural, nutritional, economic & social significance List of bird species List amphibians & reptiles List of mammals (volant & non-volant) List of threatened, endemic, invasive birds, herpetofauna and mammalian species Listing of birds, herpetofauna and mammals with scientific, cultural, nutritional, economic, social & cultural significance

To identify important species for conservation To gather information on the value of fauna

B. MARINE BIODIVERSITY (if applicable)

5. Habitats Coral Reef Seagrasses Mangrove Soft-bottom Sand To determine the location of the different marine habitats and extent To determine the condition of each habitat by knowing the species geo-referenced map showing the location of the habitats and coverage (in has.) List of coral species (hard and soft) and per cent cover per species Survey using GPS

Line intercept

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component
ALSO, if significantly large: lagoons/ estuaries marshes sand dunes

Objective
composition and abundance for each habitat type

Output
List of coral species (hard and soft) and per cent cover per species List of seagrass species (including associated macro-algal species) and per cent cover per species List of mangrove species computation of diversity indices per habitat type List of fishes per habitat type Computation of species richness, density and biomass (standing stock)

Recommended Methodology
Line intercept Transect - quadrat

To determine the fish composition per habitat type

To determine the presence of other species e.g., macroinvertebrates; macroalgae; birds, amphibians, mammals in mangroves To identify important species for conservation To gather information on the value of habitats and species therein 6. Fisheries Profile Profile and inventory of commercial fishes in the area / catch composition

List of other species found in these communities

Belt transect Simpsons Index of Dominance; Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index Fish visual census along a transect using SCUBA Fish visual census along a transect using SCUBA Margalefs Species Richness Belt-transect (also refer to methods for animals under terrestrial biodiversity) literature review direct observ. Interviews Direct observ. literature review

List of threatened, endemic, invasive species per habitat Indicate habitats and listing of species therein with scientific, cultural, nutritional, economic, social & cultural significance List of commercially important fishes from the area

Fish visual census using SCUBA Shoreline enumeration and interviews / market surveys Measurement of total lengths Shoreline enumeration / interviews Shoreline enumeration to get total weight of

Identification of fishing methods and description of fishing gears To determine fishing efficiency

- list of fishes caught with size List of fishing gears used and specifications / gear - net length and width - mesh size - hook size Information on catch per unit effort (CPUE) and income per unit effort

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component

Objective

Output
(IPUE) per gear

Recommended Methodology
catch, total fishing hours, fishing hours/fisher, total value of catch Interviews Secondary data gathering

7. Marine Protected Areas (MPA)

To produce a profile of existing MPAs

To determine the value of MPAs

List of MPAs with the following data: - date & data on establishment - description Geo-referenced map of MPAs Data on catch composition and CPUE from areas surrounding MPAs (may be compared with non-MPA)

Shoreline enumeration and interviews to obtain data on catch composition and weight

C. PHYSICAL PROFILE
1. Topography To get a profile of the natural features and terrain of the site Enumeration and description of the natural land features, e.g., mountains, valleys, etc. including elevation, slope and other features Topographic maps List of the watershed and drainage basins in the area Watershed and drainage map Rainfall pattern and climate classification Narrative and listing of significant typhoon occurrences and effects Soil type Soil map Natural Resources to determine the presence and value of natural resources in the area List and description of mineral and energy resources in the area Identify use of these resources such as the presence of mining, exploration and other extractive activities List and description of fault Field survey secondary data

To identify the watersheds and drainage basins in the region 2. Climate To determine climate type of the area To know if the area is a typhoon hazard Soil - To determine the land capability by the soil type/s present

Secondary data Secondary data

Secondary data

3. Geology

Secondary data from Bureau of Soils/ MAO Secondary data Bureau of Soils / MAO Secondary data from MGB/ field survey/ validation

Geo-hazards to identify

Secondary data

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Component

Objective
hazard-prone areas and obtain information on the occurrence and effect of natural disasters in these areas

Output
lines, landslide-prone areas, volcanoes and other geo-hazards List and description of significant natural disasters in the area (earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, flooding etc.) Geo-referenced map of hazard prone areas List and description of sources, e.g, - mobile sources (vehicles) - industrial facilities (factories, processing plants) - waste (landfills, mine tailings, garbage dumps, piggeries) If and when applicable, data on levels of gas pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) particulate matter, etc. List of water bodies (with names is applicable) Geo-referenced map showing the location and approximate size of water bodies (lakes, ponds, marshes, etc.) Description of uses or significance Data on dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity/suspended solids, pH levels, coliform levels List of point sources of pollution Description, direction and seasonality of current patterns Data on pH, salinity, turbidity, coliform levels To identify point sources of pollution

Recommended Methodology
from MGB Secondary data from MGB/ disaster councils interviews

5. Air quality

To determine sources and indicators of air pollution

Site visits interviews secondary data from MPDC

Air sampling and secondary data

6. Inland Waters

To identify the major water bodies within the area (e.g., lakes, rivers, marshlands, etc.) and location

Interviews actual survey Secondary data Survey using GPS Secondary data Interviews actual observ. secondary data Field sampling Secondary data

To determine the value of these water bodies To determine water quality of inland waters

7. Marine waters

To know the major current patterns in the area To determine the quality of nearshore / coastal waters

Field sampling Secondary data Field sampling Secondary data

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component

Objective

Output

Recommended Methodology

II. SOCIOCULTURAL PROFILE

A. SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
1. Population and demographics Description of the population and demographic factors of communities in the area Household data: family size sex & age structure of family members education / literacy level of family members occupation & income Population data: Total population of the community Age and sex structure Number of households in the community Annual population growth Migration patterns Population map Settlement map House description: ownership of H&L housing & roofing material type of lighting toilet facility source of water source of fuel ownership of goods (appliances, vehicles) Health demographics: # and incidence of malnourished children infant, child and adult mortality rate community age structure Health services # health centers and description of health services available # BHW # hilots List (including names) and description of service provided: schools churches & religious denominations mass media Household interviews

Secondary data from barangay / municipality

2. Housing and household characteristics

To obtain housing and household characteristics that are indicators of income and socioeconomic conditions of the area

Household interview direct observation

3. Health

Database and profile the health situation in the communities

Secondary data from health center, DOH, DSWD

4. Social institutions and services

To identify and describe each social institution present including the degree and quality of service and peoples access to these services

Survey & interviews Secondary data

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component

Objective

Output
light and water services civil society organizations (NGOs, POs, foundations, etc.) market places transportation services List and description of each factor

Recommended Methodology

5. Other Factors

To determine other factors that play a major role in the community such as but not limited to the ff: Kinship/ social networks Recreational patterns Political affiliations Religious affiliations

Household Interviews FGDs

B. CULTURAL PROFILE
1. Ethnic groups To provide a profile of the ethnic groupings especially the presence of IP groups To profile IKSP List of ethnic groups When applicable, description of issues or conflicts within or among the ethnic groups Discussion of cultural practices and beliefs translated into behaviors that affect community life and attitudes towards the natural environment List and description of important sites, such as but not limited to: Historical sites Religious or sacred sites Ancestral burial grounds Natural monuments Discussion of important gender issues and sources of conflict between sexes Interviews Secondary data (NCIP) Interviews FGDs

2. Traditions, mores, beliefs

Identify areas of value to the community (especially for IP areas)

3. Gender data and issues

To identify gender issues

III. ECONOMIC PROFILE

A. LIVELIHOOD PROFILE
1. Enterprise Activities 2. Income profile To get a profile of the enterprise activities and in the community To profile the income structure Listing and description of all business ventures / enterprise activities List and description of the sources of income, livelihood or occupation Interviews Business profile from DTI, GAs

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component

Objective

Output
apart from business/enterprise activities including income obtained from these sources Poverty mapping

Recommended Methodology

Secondary data

B. DEVELOPMENT AND INTERVENTIONS PROFILE

1. Development Projects and Investments To Identify development projects and investments especially those that directly affect or influence the environment (e.g., mining, logging concessions, etc.) List and profile of projects and investments Investment maps When appropriate, a profile of the short-medium-longterm development plans for the area Discussion of these projects and impact on the environment List and description Field survey Secondary data Secondary data from LGU

2. Infrastructure

3. Ecotourism Potentials

To identify major infrastructure in the community (existing and planned) To profile the ecotourism potential of the area

Secondary data from LGU Secondary data from DOT and other GAs, barangay LGUs Secondary data mapping with site verification Field verification Interviews with appropriate GAs and LGU

List and description of existing and potential ecotourism spots, including ecotourism plans Geo-referenced map of ecotourism sites Description of affiliated services, including presence/absence), condition of: - roads and transportation - lodging places and restaurants - restrooms and other amenities - security - presence of guides, porters, etc. - Others Discussion of the local perception and acceptability by the community Listing and description of: Economic development plans Political situation Cultural situation

Interview with the community Interviews with community, LGU/ LGA

4. Macrotrends

To describe the regional trends in the political, economic, cultural arena where the communities area situated

FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

Component

Objective

Output

Recommended Methodology
Secondary data from LGU

IV. GEOPOLITICAL CONDITION

1. Administrative Boundaries Description of boundaries and understanding of any related issues Identification of administrative and political boundaries and area coverage Political map showing boundaries Discussion of boundary issues (if these exists) Enumeration of land use zones and area (in hectares) geo-referenced maps on land-use and geo-political maps Land use and tenure issues List of existing tenurial instruments and coverage Mapping of land ownership Identification and discussion of existing tenurial or land ownership issues.

Interviews Secondary data from LGU

2. Land Use and Classification

Understanding of land zoning and issues on land use.

3. Tenurial Arrangements and Land Ownership

To get a profile of the land ownership and tenurial profile in the site

Interviews Secondary data interviews

V. INSTITUTIONAL AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS

1. Governance Discussion of the existing governance structures Identification of governance structures in place Discussion of resource management capability of these mandated structures Peace and order situation Listing and discussion of local environmental legislation including status of enforcement Listing of national legislation that impact locally List of stakeholders such as: Local government units Government agencies Academic institutions Church denominations / church-based groups CSOs (NGOs, POs) Businesses Influential individuals Others (to be identified) Interviews

2. Policy framework

Understanding of the local policies and legislation pertaining to environment an conservation

Secondary data

Interviews FGDs

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Component
3. Stakeholder mapping

Objective
Identification of difference stakeholders that have interests in the community and/or natural resources and who wield certain influence in the area and the type and degree of influence and/or interactions between these groups

Output
List of stakeholders such as: Local government units Government agencies Academic institutions Church denominations / church-based groups CSOs (NGOs, POs) Businesses Influential individuals Others (to be identified)

Recommended Methodology
Interviews FGDs

FINAL REPORT OUTLINE

HEADINGS
Preface Acknowledgements Executive Summary Acronyms List of Table, Figures, Appendices, Annexes I. Introduction II. Profile of the Sites A. Historical Background B. Local, Regional, National context (political, economic, cultural) C. Conservation Importance 1. Biogeography 2. Conservation status and intervention (past, present, future) 3. Past and present conservation programs / projects III. Rural Site Appraisal Results A. Biophysical Profile 1. Terrestrial Biodiversity a) Habitats b) Flora c) Fauna

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FOUNDATIONFORTHEPHILIPPINEENVIRONMENT ResourceandSocioEconomicAssessmentDataRequirements

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(c1) (c2) (c3) (c4)

Birds Herpetofauna Mammals Others (as may be present)

2. Marine Biodiversity a) Habitats: Coral Reefs, Seagrass, Mangrove, Others (as may be present) b) Fisheries Profile c) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) 3. Physical Profile a) Topography b) Climate c) Geology and soil types d) Geo hazards e) Air quality f) Inland waters g) Marine waters B. Socio-Cultural Profile 1. Social and Demographic Profile a) Social institutions and services b) Population and demographics c) Housing and household characteristics d) Health e) Social institutions and services f) Others kinship patterns & social networks; recreational patterns, political & religious affiliations, etc. 2. Cultural Profile a) Ethnic groups b) Traditions, mores and beliefs c) Gender data and issues C. Economic Profile 1. Livelihood a) Enterprise and Livelihood Activities

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b) Income profile 2. Development and Interventions Profile a) Development projects and investments b) Infrastructure c) Ecotourism Potentials d) Macrotrends D. Geopolitical Condition 1. Administrative boundaries 2. Land use and classification 3. Tenurial arrangements and land ownership 4. Policies and legislation E. Institutional and Management Arrangements 1. Governance 2. Stakeholder profiles 3. Policies and legislation IV. Discussion / Management Challenges V. Recommendations References Appendices Annexes

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