CMMI
An Overview What is CMMI???
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Strategy Focus (QM)
1. 2. 3. Software & General Testing Software Engineering Quality Control
1) Product / Project Quality Support 2) Process
Quality Management Productivity Management Organizational Development
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CMMI Framework Process Improvement Quality Engineering Quality Monitoring & Control Quality Implementation
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Strategy Focus (QM) Cont
1. 2. 3. Software & General Testing Software Engineering Quality Control
1) Product / Project
PEOPLE!!!!!!!!!!!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CMMI Framework Process Improvement Quality Engineering Quality Monitoring & Control Quality Implementation
Quality Support
2) Process
Still Not OK!!! ORG
WHY??????
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Strategy Focus (OD)
Organization development (OD) is a complex strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges. not just "anything done to better an organization"; it is a particular kind of change process designed to bring about a particular kind of end result. OD involves organizational reflection, system improvement, planning, and self-analysis.
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Quality Management Productivity Management Organizational Development
Strategy Focus (OD) Cont
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Action research Appreciative Inquiry Diversity management Employee research Group process Knowledge management Leadership development Managing change Meeting Management Organizational communication Organizational culture Organizational diagnostics Organizational engineering Organizational learning Organizational performance
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Quality Management Productivity Management Organizational Development
Strategy Focus (OD) Cont
16. Performance improvement 17. Process improvement 18. Quality 19. Social networks 20. Strategic planning 21. Succession planning 22. Systems intelligence 23. Systems thinking 24. Team building 25. Workforce Planning
Quality Management Productivity Management Organizational Development
PCMMI
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Strategy Focus (PM)
Quality Management Productivity Management Organizational Development
OD + QM = PM
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CMMI
Capability Maturity Model Integrated A Framework For Excellence
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What is the most difficult in life?
To change behaviour Essence:
Best practices from successfull companies
Also:
Reactive versus Proactive Reactive = Cure (After it Happens) Proactive = Prevention (Before it Happens)
Who does the CMMI Work in an organization and what is the behavior of organizations towards this group? What is SEPG? Why we need an SEPG? What is QA, QM, QE? Who understands quality?
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Focus of CMMI
CMMI is applied here
SW-CMM is applied here All Rights Reserved By Mr. Ali Ahsan
What is?????
Process Procedure Standard Template Plan
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Why Focus on Process?
Process provides a constructive, high-leverage focus...
as opposed to a focus on people
Your work force, on the average, is as good as it is trained to be. Working harder is not the answer. Working smarter, through process, is the answer.
as opposed to a focus on technology
Technology applied without a suitable roadmap will not result in significant payoff. Technology provides the most benefit in the context of an appropriate process roadmap.
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Underlying Premise of Process Improvement
The quality of a product is largely determined by the quality of the process that is used to develop and maintain it.
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Categories of Process Improvement Benefits
Process improvement benefits fall into eight general categories: improved schedule and budget predictability improved cycle time increased productivity improved quality (as measured by defects) increased customer satisfaction improved employee morale increased return on investment decreased cost of quality
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Remembering CMM?
Capability Maturity Model: A reference model of mature practices in a specified discipline, used to assess a groups capability to perform that discipline CMMs differ by Discipline (software, systems, acquisition, etc.) Structure (staged versus continuous) How Maturity is Defined (process improvement path) How Capability is Defined (institutionalization)
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So Many Models, So Little Time
Different structures, formats, terms, ways of measuring maturity Causes confusion, especially when using more than one model Hard to integrate them in a combined improvement program Hard to use multiple models in supplier selection
EIA 731
Software CMM
Systems Engr CMM IPD CMM Software Acq CMM
People CMM
Systems Security Engr CMM
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Bridging the Divide
CMMI: Integrates systems and software disciplines into one process improvement framework. Provides a framework for introducing new disciplines as needs arise.
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CMMI Formation
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Evolution of CMMI
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Evolution of CMMI
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Bodies of Knowledge Captured in CMMI Models
An organization selects the bodies of knowledge most relevant to achieving its business objectives. Bodies of knowledge* available in CMMI models include software engineering(sw) systems engineering(se) integrated product and process development (IPPD) supplier sourcing (SS)
*Each body of knowledge related to product or process development in CMMI is considered a discipline.
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Software Engineering (SW)
SW covers the development of software systems SW focus on applying systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approaches to the
development, operation maintenance
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System Engineering (SE)
Systems engineering covers the development of total systems, which may or may not include software Systems engineers focus on transforming customer needs, expectations, and constraints into product solutions and supporting these product solutions throughout the life of the product
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Integrated Product & Process Development (IPPD)
IPPD is a systematic approach that achieves a timely collaboration of relevant stakeholders throughout the life of the product to better satisfy customer needs, expectations, and requirements
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Supplier Sourcing (SS)
As work efforts become more complex, projects may use suppliers to perform functions or add modifications to products that are specifically needed by the project. When those activities are critical, the project benefits from enhanced source analysis and from monitoring supplier activities before product delivery
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CMMI Models
Source Models Capability Maturity Model for Software V2, draft C (SW-CMM V2C) EIA Interim Standard 731, System Engineering Capability Model (SECM) Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity Model, draft V0.98 (IPD-CMM)
S CMMIE/SW
Staged tion enta Repres
E/SW CMMI-S ous Continu tion ta Represen
Combined System Engineering / Software Engineering model Can be applied to: Just the software engineering projects in an organization Just the system engineering projects in an organization Both IPPD/SS can be used in either/both
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Understanding CMMI Representations
There are two types of representations in the CMMI models: staged continuous A representation allows an organization to pursue different improvement objectives The organization and presentation of the data are different in each representation. However, the content is the same.
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CMMI Structure One Model, Two Representations
Appendixes Appendixes Maturity Level 5 OID, CAR Maturity Level 4 OPP, QPM Maturity Level 3 REQD, TS, PI, VER, VAL, OPF, OPD, OT, IPM, RSKM, DAR Maturity Level 2 REQM, PP, PMC, SAM, MA, PPQA, CM Overview Introduction Structure of the Model Model Terminology Maturity Levels, Common Features, and Generic Practices Understanding the Model Using the Model Support CM, PPQA, MA, CAR, DAR Engineering REQM, REQD, TS, PI, VER, VAL Project Management PP, PMC, SAM IPM, RSKM, QPM Process Management OPF, OPD, OT, OPP, OID Overview Process Management Introduction PAs Structure of the Model - Goals Model Terminology - Practices Capability Levels and Generic Model Components Understanding the Model Using the Model
CMMI-SE/SW Staged
CMMI-SE/SW Continuous
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The Maturity Levels
5 Optimizing
Focus on continuous process improvement
Process measured and controlled
Quantitatively Managed Defined
Process characterized for the organization and is proactive Process characterized for projects and is often reactive Process unpredictable, poorly controlled, and reactive
Managed Initial
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The Capability Levels
5 Optimizing 4 Quantitatively Managed 3 Defined 2 Managed 1 Performed 0 Incomplete
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Equivalent Staging
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CMMI Model Representations
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Staged Representation
Provides a proven sequence of improvements, each serving as a foundation for the next Permits comparisons across and among organizations by the use of maturity levels Provides an easy migration from the SW-CMM to CMMI Provides a single rating that summarizes appraisal results and allows comparisons among organizations
Indicates maturity of an organizations standard process -- to answer, What is a good order for approaching improvement across the organization?
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Continuous Representation
Allows you to select the order of improvement that best meets your organizations business objectives and mitigates your organizations areas of risk Enables comparisons across and among organizations on a process - a r ea - b - p y rocess - a rea basis Provides an easy migration from EIA 731 (and other models with a continuous representation) to CMMI
Indicates improvement within a single process area -- to answer, What is a good order for approaching improvement of this process area?
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Capability Levels
A capability level is a well - d efined evolutionary plateau describing the organizations capability relative to a process area. There are six capability levels. For capability levels 1 5, there is an associated generic goal. Each level is a layer in the foundation for continuous process improvement. Thus, capability levels are cumulative, i.e., a higher capability level includes the attributes of the lower levels.
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Representing Capability Levels for a Single Process Area
The process area capability of an implemented process can be represented by a bar.
Capability Level
3 2 1 0
This point represents a higher level of maturity than this point in a specific process area
Process Area n
Process
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Relating Process Area Capability and Organizational Maturity Organizational maturity is the focus of the staged representation, whereas process area capability is the focus of the continuous representation. Organizational maturity and process area capability are similar concepts. The difference between them is that organizational maturity pertains to a set of process areas across an organization, while process area capability deals with a set of processes relating to a single process area or specific practice.
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Comparison of Representations
Staged Process improvement is measured using maturity levels. Maturity level is the degree of process improvement across a predefined set of process areas. Organizational maturity pertains to the maturity of a set of processes across an organization Continuous
Process improvement is measured using capability levels. Capability level is the achievement of process improvement within an individual process area. Process area capability pertains to the maturity of a particular process across an organization.
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Advantages of Each Representation
Staged Provides a roadmap for implementing groups of process areas sequencing of implementation Familiar structure for those transitioning from the Software CMM Continuous Provides maximum flexibility for focusing on specific process areas according to business goals and objectives Familiar structure for those transitioning from EIA 731
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Available Models
The following CMMI Models exist: SE/SW Staged SE/SW Continuous SE/SW/IPPD Staged SE/SW/IPPD Continuous SE/SW/IPPD/SS Staged SE/SW/IPPD/SS Continuous SW Staged SW Continuous
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CMMI Modal Components
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CMMI Model Structure
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Model Components
Process Areas (PA)
Specific Goals
Typical Work Products Sub-practices Notes Discipline Amplifications References
(SG)
Required
Expected
Informative Informative Informative Informative Informative
Specific Practices (SP)
Generic Goals
(GG)
Required
Expected
Informative
Generic Practices (GP)
Generic Practice Elaborations
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Model Components
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Goals & Practices
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Specific and Generic goals and practices
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Specific Practices vs. Generic Practices
Apply to a single process area Describe activities that implement the process area Example Requirements Mgmt.
Apply to all process areas Describe activities that institutionalize the process areas
SG 1 Manage Requirements
SP 1.1 Obtain an Understanding of Requirements SP 1.2 Obtain Commitment to Requirements SP 1.3 Manage Requirements Changes SP 1.4 Maintain Bidirectional Traceability of Requirements SP 1.5 Identify Inconsistencies between Project Work and Requirements
GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process GP 2.1 Establish an Organizational Policy GP 2.2 Plan the Process GP 2.3 Provide Resources GP 2.4 Assign Responsibility GP 2.5 Train People GP 2.6 Manage Configurations GP 2.7 Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders GP 2.8 Monitor and Control the Process GP 2.9 Objectively Evaluate Adherence GP 2.10 Review Status with Higher Level Management GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process GP 3.1 Establish a Defined Process GP 3.2 Collect Improvement Information
FOR OTHER??????
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Staged Representation: Process Areas by Maturity Level
Level 5 Optimizing 4 Quantitatively Managed Focus Continuous process improvement Quantitative management Process Areas Organizational Innovation and Deployment Causal Analysis and Resolution Organizational Process Performance Quantitative Project Management Requirements Development Technical Solution Product Integration Verification Validation Organizational Process Focus Organizational Process Definition Organizational Training Integrated Project Management Integrated Supplier Management Risk Management Decision Analysis and Resolution Organizational Environment for Integration Integrated Teaming Requirements Management Project Planning Project Monitoring and Control Supplier Agreement Management Measurement and Analysis Process and Product Quality Assurance Configuration Management
3 Defined
Process standardization
(SS) (IPPD) (IPPD) 2 Managed Basic project management
1 Initial
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GENERIC GOALS AND PRACTICES
Level Generic Goals
GG1: Achieve Specific Goals GG2: Institutionalize a Managed Process
Generic Practices
GP 1.1: Perform Base Practices
Common Features Mapping
CL 1 CL 2
ML 3 ML 4 ML 5
ML 2
GP 2.1: Establish an Organizational Policy GP 2.2: Plan the Process GP 2.3: Provide Resources GP 2.4: Assign Responsibility GP 2.5: Train People GP 2.6: Manage Configurations GP 2.7: Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders GP 2.8: Monitor and Control the Process GP 2.9: Objectively Evaluate Adherence GP 2.10: Review Status with Higher Level Management
Commitment to Perform
Ability to Perform
Directing Implementation
CL3 CL4
GG3: Institutionalize a Defined Process GG4: Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Process GG5: Institutionalize an Optimizing Process
GP 3.1: Establish a Defined Process GP 3.2: Collect Improvement Information GP 4.1: Establish Quantitative Objectives for the Process GP 4.2: Stabilize Subprocess Performance GP 5.1: Ensure Continuous Process Improvement GP 5.2: Correct Root Causes of Problems
Verifying Implementation
CL5
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Continuous Representation: Organization of Process Areas
Category
Project Management
Process Area
Project Planning Project Monitoring and Control Supplier Agreement Management Integrated Project Management(IPPD) Integrated Supplier Management (SS) Integrated Teaming (IPPD) Risk Management Quantitative Project Management Configuration Management Process and Product Quality Assurance Measurement and Analysis Causal Analysis and Resolution Decision Analysis and Resolution Organizational Environment for Integration (IPPD) Requirements Management Requirements Development Technical Solution Product Integration Verification Validation Organizational Process Focus Organizational Process Definition Organizational Training Organizational Process Performance Organizational Innovation and Deployment
Support
Engineering
Process Management
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Process Area Capability Profile
A process area capability profile may be represented by a set of points in two dimensions. the process dimension
What you do
the capability dimension
How well you do it
Capability (How well)
Process Area (What you do)
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Summary
There is one CMMI Model with two representations, Staged and Continuous The material in both representations is the same just organized differently Each representation provides different ways of implementing processes Equivalent Staging provides a mechanism for relating Maturity Levels to Capability Levels The CMMI model should be applied using intelligence, common sense, and professional judgment
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For More Information About CMMI
Go to CMMI Website
http://sei.cmu.edu/cmmi http://seir.sei.cmu.edu/seir/ http://www.ndia.org/ (annual CMMI Conference) www.google.com
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THANKYOU
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