1
4 Functions
1. Function
Situation: Byrd, the snail decides to take a straight walk in a garden. When he decides, he is 10 cm away from his house. Byrd could go 0.5 cm in 1 second. We could write the relationship between the position from Byrds house and the time as
Where y is the position from Byrds house and x is the time. We call y as a function of x : y = f(x) When we want to find position from the time given, a ( ) e.g., find the position when the time is 2 second:
We could plot the function as
y
The equation above is called a linear function.
The general form of a linear function: If
y
If
,
y
If
y
If x = m,
y
Ex57 (1)
( ) ( )
) Find (2) ( )
(3)
(4)
( ) (
Practice57 Given (1) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) (2) ( ) ( )
(3)
) (
(4)
(5)
Ex 58 If (1)
, find
(2)
y
Practice58: (1)
y
(2)
y
Ex 59 The linear equation
where
. Find a and b.
Practice59 The linear equation Find a and b.
Ex 60 Floor function
(1) [ ] (2) If , what is a?
(3) Plot
y
(4) Plot
y
Practice If (1)
y
, plot (2)
y
2. Quadratic Function [Parabola]
(
1. The simplest form:
2. Translation: If we have ( ), ( ) means that the ( )
horizontally translate to the right p units and vertically translate upward q units
y
3. The translation of a quadratic function:
y
)
It a parabola , which translates horizontally p units and vertically q units.
The axis of symmetry is
The vertex is
The general form of quadratic function: Its a parabola Proof: axis of symmetry as the vertex as( ) , which has and
4. Reflection of a function: If we have a function (1) ( )
y
( ) (2)
y
(3)
y
Ex 61 If the function is
, write and draw the function when: (2) translate the function along the -axis for units.
(1) translate the function along the -axis for units.
(3) translate the function both along the -axis for
units and along the
-axis for
units
10
Practice 61-1 If the function is (1) translate the function along the -axis for units.
, write and draw the function when (2) translate the function along the -axis for units.
(3) translate the function both along the -axis for
units and along the
-axis for units
Practice 61-2: If the function A is function A. (1) (2)
, how are these following functions related to the
(3)
11
Ex 62: Rearrange the general form of quadratic function
to their standard forms
(
(1)
. And identify their vertices and axes of symmetry. Plot the graphs.
(2)
Practice Identify the vertices and axes of symmetry for the following equations. Plot the graphs. (1)
12
(2)
(3)
Ex 63 If the quadratic equation is in a form of symmetry. ( )( )
)(
), identify the vertex and axis of
13
Practice 63: identify the vertices and axes of symmetry of the followings (1) ( )( ) (2)
(3)
)(
Ex 64: A function after the translations.
translate 1 units horizontally and 2 units vertically. Write the function
14
Practices 64: Write the translated functions after moving the following functions to the right for 2 units and moving of 1 unit downward. (1) (2)
Q&A: How do
and
[a > 0] relate to a linear equation
?
y
15
Ex 65: Reflect the function (1) over the x-axis [ over = across = about]
y
(2) over the y-axis
y
(3) both over the x-axis and y-axis.
y
16
Practice 65: Reflection of a function. (1) Reflect across both x-axis and y-axis
Ex 66: Write the following quadratic functions: (1) Vertex is (2, 1) and the function passes through the point (4, 3).
(2) Vertex lies on the x-axis. The function passes through (1, 8) and (2, 2)
(3) The function passes through (1, 6), (1, 4) and (2, 9)
17
Practice 66: (1) Vertex is (4, 1) and the function passes through the point ( 3, 0).
(2) Vertex is (2, 0) and the function passes through the point (3, 3).
(3) The function passes through (1, 1), (1, 7) and (2, 5)
18
x
( Axis of symmetry is )
19
Ex68: Plot graph (1)
y
and find the minimum value or maximum value in these regions: (2) (3)
Practice68: Find the find the minimum value or maximum value for the following functions: (1)
y
(2)
y
20
(3)
y
(4)
y
Ex 69: Find the minimum value or maximum value of the function
y
when
21
Practice 69: Find the minimum value or maximum value of the function
y
when
Ex 70: Find the minimum value of the function
when
22
Practice 70-1: Find the minimum value of the function
when
Practice 70-2: Find the maximum value of the function
1 when
23
Ex 71: Consider the function A:
in the region
(1) Find the minimum value of the function A. Write as function of . [ ( )]
(2) Plot graph
y
( )
Practice 71: the function
( )
, where [ ( )].
(1) Find the minimum value of the function ( ). Write as function of
24 ( ). Find the minimum value and maximum value of g(x).
y
(2) Plot graph
Ex 72: The quadratic equation (1) Write the maximum value m as a function of a.
has a maximum value of m.
(2) What value of a will give the highest m?
25
Practice 72-1: Write the maximum value g of value of g(a) ?
as a function of a. And what is the highest
Practice 72-2: minimum value is .
has the minimum value when
and the
26 ( ) ( ) ( ) . Fill in the blanks: ( )
Ex 73: Let the function function satisfies
has the minimum value of 37. The ( ) ( ) .
Practice 73-1: The function
is in the domain
. Find the
minimum point and maximum point.
27 Practice 73-2: The function ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) )
has the minimum value of 6. And ( )
Fill in the blanks:
Ex 74: The function ( )
(a, b are real numbers) is in the domain
and has the
maximum value of 3 and the minimum value of 5. Find the a and b.
28 Practice 74-1: The function ( )
is a negative parabola (opened downward) in the domain
. The function has the maximum value of 12 and minimum value of 6. Find the corresponding
Practice 74-2: In the domain
, the function
has the maximum value of 12 and
the minimum value of 4. Find the corresponding
29
End of Section Practices:
1. The linear function and the minimum value is ( . ) has the maximum value of 4. The corresponding b is
2. The function function is
is translated 3 units horizontally and 1 unit vertically. The resultant .
30
3. The function
is translated
units along the x-axis and ( ) .
unit along the y-axis.
The new vertex is (1, 3) and the new function is
4. The quadratic function has a maximum value at maximum value is
has the vertex (
) . The function in the domain
. The
and the range of the function is
31
5. Find the following functions: a. the minimum value of b. The maximum value is at c. The function at and the function passes through the point ( and passes through point (2, 3) and (1, 12). ).
is translated to a certain position to pass through (0, 3) and (1, 3).
d. The function passes through (0, 1), (1, 2) and (2, 3)
32
Practice A: 1. Write the reflected function of function over y = 2. over x =1 and the reflected function of the original
2. The function
is the function
that has been horizontally translated units.
units, been reflected over the y-axis and been vertically translated
3. The function function.
is reflected over x = 1 and y = 2. What is the new vertex ? write the new
33 , the function ( )
4. Within the domain
has the maximum value of 11 and
the minimum value of 2. Find a.
5. Quadratic function ( )
) in the domain
has the maximum
value of 9 and the minimum value of 1. Find a
+ b.
6. Quadratic function ( ) of k would give the lowest minimum value.
has minimum values as a function ( ). What value
34
7. The implicit function Find the lowest minimum value.
has a minimum value as a function of y [m(y)].
8. The function is and the maximum value of at
The value of .
has the minimum of
at
9. A square ABCD with a side of 1 unit has point K, L, M and N on the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. AK = a, BL = b, CM = c, DN = d, a + b + c + d = 1, a + c = t. Write the area of quadrilateral KLMN as a function of t. Find the range of the area.
35 10. The function ( )
is in the domain
a. Find the minimum value as a function of a. b. If the minimum value is 1, what is the value of a?
11. The function ( )
is in the domain
a. Find the minimum value as a function of p [q(p)], where i. ii. iii. b. If , what could be values of p?
36
12. If
, what is the minimum value of
13. If
, the minimum value of
is
at
14. The function is
( ) ( )
( .
). If
, then
And the function and at
could be rewritten as ( ) .
( ) has a minimum value of 9 at
37
x
D>0 D=0 D<0
Note: The discriminant is or Ex 76: The x-axis is tangent to the graph of the function And find the tangent points. ( ) if and only if =? or ?
38
Practice 76-1: find the values of ( )
so that the given condition is satisfied the graph of is tangent to the x-axis. And also find the tangent points.
Practice 76-2: Find the value of ( )
so that the given condition is satisfied the graph of has 2 points of x-intercepts.
39 that has translated to pass through points (2, 0) and (1, 0)
Ex 77-1: Find the function
Ex 77-2: Find the quadratic function that has 2 points of x-intercept as (1, 0) and (3, 0) and also pass through the point (0, 2)
Lists of the quadratic function forms: 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ( ( ) )( ) )
Practice 77: Find the quadratic functions that satisfy the following conditions: (a) The function has the points of x-intercepts as (4, 0) and (1, 0) and has the point of y-intercept as (0, 4)
40 (b) Graph has a horizontal tangent at ( ) and the points of x-intercepts are 8 units apart.
Ex 78: The vertices of a triangle are O(0, 0), A(1, 0) and B(0, 1). The quadratic function
is a
negative parabola and passes through the point C which lies on OB. The function crosses the x-axis at points A and D. Comparing 0 (zero) and the following values. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
41
Practice 78: Comparing (zero) and
from the following graphs:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
42
Quadratic inequality
If the quadratic function is then
D>0
D=0
D<0
43
Ex 79: Find the domains satisfying the following inequalities, [Solve for x] (1)
(2)
(3)
Practice 79: Solve the following inequalities, (1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
44
Ex 80: Solve the following inequalities, (1) (2)
(3)
(4)
Practice 80: Solve the following inequalities, (1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
45
Ex 81: Solve a system of inequality, (1) .(2)
Practice 81: Solve for x, (1) and
(2)
and
(3)
46
Ex 82: Solve for x,
Practice 82: Solve for x, (1) ( )
(2)
47
Ex 83:
, solve for x.
Practice 83: Solve for x from the following inequalities, (1)
(2)
(3)
48
Ex 84: If
within the domain
, find the corresponding a and b.
Practice 84-1: If
within the domain
, find the corresponding a and b.
Practice 84-2: If
within the domain
, find the corresponding a and b,c.
49
Ex 85: Find a that satisfies
for all real x.
Practice 85-1: If the solution to inequality .
is the set of real number, then
Practice 85-2: All real x satisfies inequality
. Find k.
50
Ex 86: If
, the function
( )
is always positive. Find the appropriate p and q.
Practice 86: If
Find the appropriate m.
51
The systems of equations involving quadratic equations: Ex 87: Solve for x and plot the graphs, 1) --------------(1) -------------(2)
2)
--------------(1)
-------------(2)
Practice 87: Solve the following systems of equations, 1) --------------(1) -------------(2)
52
2)
--------------(1)
-------------(2)
Ex 88: The function is
. Find the value of a for the following conditions.
1) The function doesnt cross the x-axis.
(2) The function is tangent to
(3) There are 2 intersecting points between the function and
53
Practice 88-1: Give
and
1) For what value of m, the system of equations has at least one solution.
2) For what value of m, the system of equations has 2 sets of solutions.
Practice 88-2: Find the value of a that results 2 sets of solutions to the system of equations:
54
Ex 89: Given
find the maximum value and minimum value of
and their
corresponding xs and ys.
Practice 89: Given
find the maximum value and minimum value of
and their
corresponding xs and ys.
55
Ex 90: Given
find the maximum value and minimum value of
and their corresponding
xs and ys.
Practice 90: For any (x, y) satisfying (
find the maximum value and minimum value of
and their corresponding xs and ys.
56
Absolute functions:
Ex 91: Plot graphs, 1) 2)
Practice 91: Plot graphs,
1)
2)
57
3)
y
Ex 92: Plot graph,
y
Practice 92: Plot graph, 1) 2)
58
3) ,
y
Ex 93: Plot graphs, 1) 2)
59
Practice 93: Plot graphs, 1) 2)
3)
4)
60
Ex 94: Find k that result at least 3 solutions to
Practice 94: Find k that result 4 solutions to
61
Ex 96: Given 1) If there is at least 1 value of p satisfying the equation above, find the corresponding x.
2) If there is at least 1 value of x satisfying the equation above with conditions that the axis of symmetry doesnt lie on the positive x and f(0) 0.
Practice96: Given 1) Find x that result at least 1 real values of m to the above equation.
62
2) if
, find m that result at least 1 distinct x to the equation above.
Ending Practices: 21. If the function are at . is tangent to the x-axis, then . The tangent points
22. Find k that results no real solution to
63
23. Write the quadratic functions according to the following conditions: 1) The function passes through (2, 0), (-4, 0) and (-2, -8)
2) The function
has been moved to satisfy the points (-2, 0) and (1, 0)
24. Solve these following inequalities, 1) 2)
3)
4)
64 ( )
25. To satisfy the inequality
Practice A, B and extra: 63. 1) Find the x-intercepts from
2) If the above function has been translated to pass through the origin, write the translated function.
64. If k is positive integer,
has no x-intercept. What is k ?
65
65.If the vertex of
is in Quadrant 1, find the appropriate a.
66. If
satisfies the inequality
, Find a.
67. The system of inequalities: ( )
1) Find the solutions for different cases of m. 2) Find m that there is at least one real solution to the system.
66
68. Quadratic function
is tangent to
. The function
has at least
one x-intercept. Find the ranges of a and b.
69. Find the maximum value, minimum value and their corresponding x, y of given.
when
is
70. Find the maximum value, minimum value of
when
is given.
67 ( )
71. Find
that makes
within the domain
73. The equation appropriate .
has two maximum points within the domain
. Find the
68 74. The function ( ) 1) If 2) , plot ( ) ( )
is given
( ) is the function of minimum value of the above function. Find the lowest
75.
( ) the region .
, find
that satisfies
( )
for all . And find
that satisfies
( )
in
69 ( )
76. The function is
1) If the function has two -intercepts, find the corresponding
2) If the -intercepts are (
) where
, find the corresponding
77. There are two solutions to the corresponding
. Both solutions are less than 1 unit apart from the -axis. find
70
78. There are more than 2 solutions to
. find the corresponding
79. m(k) is the function of minimum value of ( ) 1) Write m(k).
2) Find the maximum value and the minimum value of m(k) and their corresponding the domain
if the function is in
71 ( ) is true for all real numbers of x and y. find the corresponding .
80.
81. Find the maximum value and minimum value of
( )
in the domain
82. The function is ( ) 1) If ( ) , what is ?
72
2)
, find the function of maximum value of the above function if the domain is
83. If the function value.
( )
is in the region
Find the maximum value and the minimum
73 84. The function is ( ) 1) If 2) If ( ) ( )
where
, the minimum value is 15, f(1) = 160. Then, , the maximum value is
and the minimum value is
3) If
( )
85-1. If the function .
is the translated function of
to
and
Then
74
85-2. The function domain , then
has the vertex (3, -8) , then
If
in the
86. 1) has the vertex ( ) where at the vertex.
2) There is a linear function (l ) passing through A(-1, 1) and B(2, 4). The linear function l intersects with , the intersecting point is ( ). If the intersecting point is ( ).
If
If
has two x-intercepts and both intercepts in region between point A and point B, then
75 ( ) ( )
87. The function is
. ). The minimum value of the function is less than 0, then
1) The vertex is ( axis, and G(0) >0, then
. If the function has two x-intercepts, the axis of symmetry in on negative x . , then ( ) ( ) , then and the .
2) If the axis of symmetry is in the region If If
, the maximum value of the function is , the maximum value of the function is
If the function G has the minimum value of 6 in the region maximum value is .
76
88. There is a linear equation crossing y-axis at point P and intersecting with where . The linear equation is tangent to
at point Q and point R,
. Find the corresponding a and b.
90. The function: 1) Find (
( ) ) and ( ).
) where [x] is the floor function.
2) If ( )
, what is x ?
3) Find x if ( )
