6.3.1.

DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

(Grid)
If the ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than 2 and the load acts on both
direction, is known as Two-way slab.
(1)

Data
Wall thickness = 230 mm
Clear span

= 5.2 m

When clear span more than 3.5 m;

Adopt, l/d=28
Materials used M20 grade concrete and fy 415 N\mm2
ly/lx=5.1/5.2=0.980<2 (two way slab)

(2)

Depth of slab
Assume; lx/d =28
Therefore, 5.2*103/d =28
d = 185.7 mm
d = 200 mm
Therefore;
Overall depth (D) = Cover thickness + of bar/2 + d
= 20 + 10/2 +200
= 225 mm

(3)

Effective span (l)

(a)

Clear span + Effective depth = l

Therefore, 5.2 + 0.20 = 5.4m

(b)

Clear span + c\c supports =5.2+.230=5.43m

Therefore l =5.4m

(3)

Loads
Self weight of slab

= Thickness*
=0 .225*25
= 5.625 KN/m2

Assume; Live load = 5 KN/m2

= 1.5 KN/m2

Floor finishes

Therefore, Total load =12.125 KN/m2

Therefore, Ultimate load (Wu) =1.5*12.125
=18.1875 KN/m2

(4)

Ultimate Design moment and shear force

According to IS 456:2000,
ly/lx = 1.09 =1.00 ( Four edges discontinuous )
x=0.056
Mux= x wlx2

; y =0.056
&

But; x=y Therefore,

Mux= Muy = x wlx2

Muy= y wulx2

=0.056*18.18*5.42 =29.79 KNm

shear force = wu*lx/2
=18.18*5.4/2 =49.09 KN

(6) Check for effective depth

d= (Mu/0.138*fck*b)

= (29.70*106/ 0.138*20*1000)

=103.73 mm

mm

Hence ; The effective depth selected is sufficient for resist the design ultimate moment.

(7) Main reinforcement

Mu =0.87 Ast fy d [ 1- (Ast fy / bd fck )]
29.70* 106 = 0.87* Ast * 415 200 [1- (Ast*415)/(1000*200*20)]
29.70*106= 72210 Ast 7.49 Ast 2
Therefore, Ast = 430.5 mm2
Using 10 mm diameter bars,
Spacing =[(*(10)2/4)* 1000]/430.53 =182.426 mm
Provide 160 mm spacing,
Therefore, Ast(provided) =( ast /spacing)*1000
= /4(102)/160]*1000 =490.87mm2
Provide 10 mm dia @ 160 mm c\c.

(8) Distribution Reinforcement

Ast min =0.12% bD

=(0.12/100)*1000*225 =270mm2
Using 8mm dia bars
Spacing =[ ast/Ast]*1000

= /4(82)/270]*1000 = 186.17mm

Adopt ; Sv=160mm

Therefore Ast provided = /4 (8)2/160]*1000 =314.16mm

Provide 8mm dia @ 160mm c\c

(9) Check for shear stress

v =Vu/bd
=49.09*103/1000*200 =0.245N\mm2
Pt=100*Ast provided/bd
=100*314.16/1000*200 =0.16

Refer table 19 on IS 456 :2000

Therefore;

c =0.288 N\mm2
But;
k.c =1.25*0.288 = 0.36N\mm2
Therefore; k.c

Therefore; The slab is safe against shear.

(10) Check for deflection

(l/d)actual =(5.4*103/200)actual =27
(l/d)Max =(l/d)Max*kt*kc*kf
=20*1.7*1*1 [Since, kt=1.7(pg:38) IS 456] =34
Therefore (l/d)actual (l/d)Max
Hence, the slab is safe against deflection.

6.3.2. DESIGN OF BEAM-1

(Grid )
In doubly reinforced beam, main reinforcement is provided on tension as
well as compression joint.
The beam is designed to the section (AB=CD) as shown in figure 1.

(1)

Stresses
fck = 20 N/mm2 ;

(2)

fy = 415 N/mm2

Thickness of the beam

l/d = 15 (Since, span = 5.2m)
(5.2*103)/d = 15
d = 350 mm
Therefore,
Overall depth = 350 + 50
D = 400 mm
Adopt,

b = 200 mm

Therefore,
Effective span = clear span + effective depth

= 5.2 + 0.350
= 5.55 m
Effective span = clear span + 0.23
= 5.2 + 0.23
= 5.43 m
Therefore,

(3)

l = 5.43 m

Loads
Self weight of beam = b*D*
= 0.200*0.400*25
= 2 KN/m
Load from slab

= 12.125* 5.2
= 63.05 KN/m

Load from wall

= height of room* width of brickwall*

80% deduction* density of brickwork
= 3.28* 0.230* 0.8* 20
= 10.56 KN/m

Therefore,
Total load = 75.546 KN/m
Therefore,
Design ultimate load = 75.546* 1.5
= 113.320 KN/m

To find out the bending moment of a fixed beam (AB=CD),

Analyse the beam by MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD as follows;

3.28 m

K
75.55 KN/m

A
3.28 m

B
2.30 m

5.43 m
E

FIGURE 1
Fixed end moments

MFAE = MFEA = 0
MFBF = MFFB = 0
MFCG = MFGC = 0
MFDH = MFHD = 0

MFIA = MFAI = 0
MFJB = MFBJ = 0
MFKC = MFCK = 0
MFLD = MFDL = 0

5.43 m
H

MFAB = -(Wl2)/12 = (75.55*5.432)/12 = -185.632 KNm

MFBA = Wl2/12 = 185.632 KNm
MFBC = -Wl2/12 = -(75.55*2.32)/12 = -33.30 KNm
MFCB =Wl2/12 = (75.55*2.32)/12 = 33.30 KNm
MFCD = -Wl2/12 = -(75.55*5.432)/12 = -185.63 KNm
MFDC = Wl2/12 = 185.63 KNm

DISTRIBUTION FACTORS
JOINT MEMBER RELATIVE
STIFFNES
S
A

AE
AB
AI
BA
BF
BC
BJ
CB
CG
CD
CK
DC
DH
DL

I/3.28
I/5.43
I/3.28
I/5.43
I/3.28
I/2.3
I/3.28
I/2.3
I/3.28
I/5.43
I/3.28
I/5.43
I/3.28
I/3.28

SUM OF
STIFFNES
S
0.794I

1.23I

1.23I

0.794I

DISTRIBUTION
FACTOR
0.384
0.232
0.384
0.152
0.248
0.353
0.248
0.353
0.248
0.152
0.248
0.232
0.623
0.623

(4) Bending moment and shear force

From the above method, The bending moment of a fixed beam (AB) is,
Mu = 153.40KNm
Shear Force,
Vu = wl/2 = (113.32* 5.4)/2 = 305.964 KN

(5)

(Mu)limit
(Mu)limit = 0.138fckbd2
= 0.138* 20* 200* 3502 = 67.62 KNm
Therefore, (Mu)limit

Mu

The section is over-reinforced, hence design as doubly reinforced section.

(6) Main reinforcement

Mu (Mu)limit = 153.40 67.62 = 85.78 KNm

Stress in compression steel (fsc)

fsc = [0.0035(xumax d)/xumax ]Es

{For Fe 415 xumax/d = 0.48}

= [[0.0035((0.48*350)-50)]/(0.48*350)] (2*105)
= 492 N/mm2
But; fsc

0.87fy = 0.87*415 = 361.05 N/mm2

(7) Asc
Asc = ((Mu (Mu)limit)/(fsc(d-d'))
= (85.78*106)/(361.05(350-50)) = 791.950 mm2
Provide 3 bars of 20 mm diameter,
Asc(provided) = 3*

/4)(20)2 = 942.477 mm2

(8) Ast2
Ast2 = (Asc*fsc)/(0.87*fy)
= (791.95* 361.05)/361.05 = 791.95 mm2
(Ast)1 = [(0.36fckb(xulimit)/(0.87*415)]
= (0.36*20*200*0.48*350)/(0.87*415) = 670.04 mm2
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
Therefore, Ast = 1461.99 mm2
Provide 5 bars of 20 mm diameter,
(Ast)provided = 5*( /4)*202 = 1570.86mm2

(9) Shear reinforcement

v = Vu/bd = (305.964*103)/(200*350) = 4.37 N/mm2
Pt = (100Ast)/bd = (100*1963)/(200*350) = 2.80
Refer table 19 on IS 456:2000
c = 0.82 N/mm2

Therefore,

c ; shear reinforcement are required.

Balanced shear
Vus = [Vu (cbd)]
= [(305.9*103) (0.82* 200* 350)]
=248.56 KN
Using 8 mm diameter two legged stirrups,
Sv = (0.87fyAsvd)/Vus
= (0.87*415*2*( /4)*82*350)/(248.56*103) = 51.109 mm
But ; Sv 0.75d
= 0.75*350 = 262.50 mm
Sv = 70 mm

(10) Check for deflection member

(l/d)actual = (5.43*103)/350 = 15.51
(l/d)max = (l/d)basic*kt*kc
= 20* 1* 1 =20
Hence; (l/d)max > (l/d)actual
Hence;
Deflection member satisfactory.

6.3.3 DESIGN OF BEAM-2

(Grid )
In doubly reinforced beam, main reinforcement is provided on tension as
well as compression joints.
The beam is designed to the section BC as shown in figure 1.

(1)

Stresses
fck = 20 N/mm2 ;

(2)

fy = 415 N/mm2

Thickness of the beam

l/d = 20 (Since, span = 2.3m)
(2.3*103 )/d = 20

d = 115 mm
Adopt, d = 150mm
Therefore, overall depth = 150 + 50
D = 200 mm
Adopt, b = 200 mm
Therefore,
Effective span = clear span + effective depth
= 2.3 + 0.150 = 2.45 m
Effective span = clear span + 0.23
= 2.3 + 0.23 = 2.53 m
Therefore,

(3)

l = 2.45 m

Loads
Self weight of beam = b*D*
= 0.200*0.200*25 = 1 KN/m
Load from slab

= 12.125*2.3 = 27.88 KN/m

Load from wall

= height of room* width of brickwall*

80% deduction* density of brickwork
= 3.28* 0.230* 0.8* 20
= 10.56 KN/m

Therefore, Total load = 39.34 KN/m

Therefore, Design ultimate load = 39.34* 1.5

= 59.16 KN/m
To find out the bending moment of a fixed beam (BC),
Analyse the beam by MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD as explained
earlier;

3.28 m

75.55 KN/m
A

3.28 m

B
2.30 m

5.43 m
F

5.43 m
H

FIGURE 1

(Refer previous Moment Distribution Method Table.1)

(4) Bending moment and shear force
From the above method, The bending moment of a fixed beam(BC) is,
Mu = 77.90KNm (From the moment distribution table.1)
Shear Force,
Vu = wl/2 = (59.16*2.45)/2 = 72.47KN

(5)

(Mu)limit
(Mu)limit = 0.138fckbd2 = 0.138* 20* 200* 2002
= 22.08 KNm

Therefore, (Mu)limit

Mu

The section is over-reinforced, hence design as doubly reinforced section.

(6) Main reinforcement

Mu (Mu)limit = 72.47 22.08 = 50.40 KNm

Stress in compression steel (fsc)

fsc = [0.0035(xumax d)/xumax ]Es

{For Fe 415 xumax/d = 0.48}

= [[0.0035((0.48*150)-50)]/(0.48*150)] (2*105)
= 213.88 N/mm2
But; fsc

0.87fy = 0.87*415 = 361.05 N/mm2

(7) Asc
Asc = ((Mu (Mu)limit)/(fsc(d-d'))
= (50.40*106)/(361.05(150-50)) = 1395.93 mm2
Provide 3 bars of 25 mm diameter,
Asc(provided) = 3*

/4)(25)2 = 1472.62 mm2

(8) Ast2
Ast2 = (Asc*fsc)/(0.87*fy)
= (1395.93* 361.05)/361.05 = 1395.93 mm2
(Ast)1 = [(0.36fckb(xulimit)/(0.87*415)]
= (0.36*20*200*0.48*150)/(0.87*415) = 287.16 mm2

Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

Therefore, Ast = 1683.092 mm2
Provide 4 bars of 25 mm diameter,
(Ast)provided = 4*( /4)*252 = 1963.55mm2

(9) Shear reinforcement

v = Vu/bd = (72.47*103)/(200*150) = 2.415 N/mm2
Pt = (100Ast)/bd = (100*1963.55)/(200*150) = 6.54
Refer table 19 on IS 456:2000
c = 0.82 N/mm2
Therefore,

c ; shear reinforcement is required.

Balanced shear
Vus = [Vu (cbd)]
= [(72.47*103) (0.82* 200*150)] =47.870 KN
Using 8 mm diameter two legged stirrups,
Sv = (0.87fyAsvd)/Vus
= (0.87*415*2*( /4)*82*150)/(47.87*103)
= 113.735 mm
But ; Sv 0.75d = 0.75*150 = 112.50 mm

Sv = 120 mm

(10) Check for deflection member

(l/d)actual = (2.45*103)/150 = 16.33
(l/d)max = (l/d)basic*kt*kc = 20
Therefore; (l/d)max > (l/d)actual
Hence; Deflection member satisfactory.

6.3.4. DESIGN OF COLUMNS

6.3.4.1. GROUND FLOOR
A column is generally a compression member supporting beams and slabs in a structural
system and having an effective length (l e) exceeding 3 times the least lateral dimensions (D). A
compression member is a structural element which is subjected to axial compression force.

(1) Data
b=330mm

fck =20Nmm2

D=530mm

fy =415N/mm2

75.55KN/m
5.2m

Axial load on column

Therefore,

= wl/2 =75.55*5.2/2 =196.4KN

Axial load on column in ground floor=196.4*4

Pu =786KN
From the moment distribution method (for the design of beam),
Section AE (column) moment value is taken as,
Mu=77.184KNm
Therefore,
Pu =786*1.5 =1179KN
Mu=77.184*1.5
=115.776KNm
Adopt;
d
d' /D= 50/530 =0.1
Refer, SP: 16 (Compression

bending: reinforcement distributed

equally on two sides).

(2)Non- dimensional Parameters

Pu/fckbd

&

Mu/fckbd2 (for rectangular section)

Pu/fck bd =1179*103/20*330*530 =0.33

Mu/fck bd2 =115.776*106/20*330*5302 =0.062
Therefore, The co-ordinates Pu=0.33 & Mu=0.062 would lie on a design interaction curve
with [Pt/fck ].

(3) Longitudinal Reinforcement (Asc)

Pt/fck=0.04
Therefore, Pt =0.04*20 =0.8
Asc(required) = PtbD/100 =0.8*330*530/100 =1399.20mm2
Provide 6 bars of 22mm dia. at an effective cover of 50mm distributed, two bars on
each face.
Asc provided =6(/4) (22)2 =2280.80 mm2

(4) Transverse Reinforcement

(a) Lateral ties (t)
t

(1/4)*22=5.5mm
6mm}

Provide 8mm.

(b) The spacing (St)

St

{530mm
16*22=352mm
300mm}

Provide 300mm.
Provide 8mm dia ties @ 300mm c/c.

6.3.4.2. FIRST FLOOR (COLUMN)

(1) Data;
b=330mm

fck=20Nmm2

D=530mm

fy =415N/mm2

75.55KN/m
5.2m

Axial load on column

Therefore,

= wl/2 =75.55*5.2/2 =196.4KN

Axial load on column in ground floor =196.4*3

Pu = 589.2KN
From the moment distribution method (for the design of beam), section
AI (column) moment value is taken as,
Mu=77.184KNm
Therefore,
Pu =589.2*1.5 =883.935KN
Mu=77.184*1.5 =115.776KNm
Adopt, d
d' /D= 50/530 =0.1
Refer, SP: 16 (Compression

bending: reinforcement distributed

equally on two sides).

(2)Non- dimensional Parameters

Pu/fckbd

&

Mu/fckbd2 (for rectangular section)

Pu/fck bd =883.935*103/20*330*530 =0.2526

Mu/fck bd2 =115.776*106/20*330*5302 =0.062
Therefore, The co-ordinates Pu=0.2526 & Mu=0.062 would lie on a design interaction curve
with [Pt/fck ].

(3) Longitudinal Reinforcement (Asc)

Pt/fck=0.03
Therefore, Pt =0.03*20 =0.6

Asc(required) = PtbD/100 =0.6*330*530/100 =1049.40mm2

Provide 6 bars of 20mm dia. at an effective cover of 50mm distributed, two bars on each
face.
Asc provided =6(/4) (20)2 =1884.95mm2

(4) Transverse Reinforcement

(a) Lateral ties (t)
t

(1/4)*20=5mm
6mm}

Provide 8mm.

(b) The spacing ( St)

St

{530mm
16*20=320mm
300mm}

Provide 300mm.
Provide 8mm dia ties @ 300mm c/c.

6.3.4.3. SECOND FLOOR (COLUMN)

(1) Data
b=330mm
D=530mm

fck=20Nmm2
fy =415N/mm2

75.55KN/m
5.2m

Axial load on column

= wl/2 =75.55*5.2/2 =196.4KN

Therefore, Axial load on column in ground floor =196.4*2

Pu = 392.80KN
From the moment distribution method (for the design of beam), section above AI
(column) moment value is taken as,
Mu=77.184KNm
Therefore,
Pu =392.80*1.5 =589.20KN
Mu=77.184*1.5 =115.776KNm
Adopt;
d
d' /D= 50/530 =0.1
Refer, SP: 16 (Compression

bending: reinforcement distributed equally

on two sides).

(2)Non- dimensional Parameters

Pu/fckbd

&

Mu/fckbd2 (for rectangular section)

Pu/fck bd =589.20*103/20*330*530 =0.168

Mu/fck bd2 =115.776*106/20*330*5302 =0.062

Therefore, The co-ordinates Pu=0.168 & Mu=0.062 would lie on a design

interaction curve with [Pt/fck ].

(3) Longitudinal Reinforcement (Asc)

Pt/fck=0.02
Therefore Pt =0.02*20 =0.4
Asc(required) = PtbD/100 =0.4*330*530/100 =699.60mm2
Provide 6 bars of 16mm dia. at an effective cover of 50mm distributed two
bars on each face.
Asc provided =6(/4)(16)2 =1206.37mm2

(4) Transverse Reinforcement

(a) Lateral ties (t)
t

(1/4)*16=4mm
6mm}

Provide 8mm.

(b) The spacing (St)

St {530mm
16*16=256mm
300mm}
Provide 300mm.
Provide 8mm dia ties @ 300mm c/c.

6.3.4.4. THIRD FLOOR (COLUMN)

(1) Data;
b=330mm

fck=20Nmm2

D=530mm

fy=415N/mm2

75.55KN/m
5.2m

Axial load on column

= wl/2 =75.55*5.2/2 =196.4KN

Therefore, Axial load on column in ground floor (Pu)=196.4KN

From the moment distribution method (for the design of beam), section
above the previous column moment value is taken as,
Mu=77.184KNm
Therefore,
Pu =196.4*1.5 =294.60KN
Mu=77.184*1.5 =115.776KNm
Adopt;
d
d' /D= 50/530 =0.1
Refer, SP: 16 (Compression
on two sides).

bending: reinforcement distributed equally

(2)Non- dimensional Parameters

Pu/fckbd

&

Mu/fckbd2 (for rectangular section)

Pu/fck bd =294.60*103/20*330*530 =0.084

Mu/fck bd2 =115.776*106/20*330*5302 =0.062
Therefore, The co-ordinates Pu=0.084 & Mu=0.062 would lie on a design
interaction curve with [Pt/fck ].

(3) Longitudinal Reinforcement (Asc)

Pt/fck=0.01
Therefore Pt =0.01*20 =0.2
Asc(required) = PtbD/100 =0.2*330*530/100 =349.80mm2
Provide 6 bars of 12mm dia.at an effective cover of 50mm distributed two
bars on each face.
Asc provided =6(/4)(12)2 =678.58mm2

(4) Transverse Reinforcement

(a) Lateral ties (t)
t

(1/4)*12=3mm
6mm}

Provide 8mm.

(b) The spacing ( St)

St {530mm

16*12=192mm
300mm}
Provide 300mm.
Provide 8mm dia ties @ 300mm c/c.

6.3.5. DESIGN OF FOOTING

Reinforced concrete columns are supported by footings, which are below the
ground level and it is referred to as foundation structure or footing.

1) DATA
Axial load on column= 786KN
Size of column

= 330mm*530mm

Assume, S.B.C of soil=185KN/m2

Material used M20 grade concrete & Fe415 HYSD bars.

2) SIZE OF FOOTING
a) Axial load on column
Self weight of footing

= 786KN
= 10% of axial load
= (10/100)786 = 78.6KN

Self weight of column

= b*D*L*
= 0.53*0.33*13.59*25 = 59.422KN

Total load on column

Therefore,

= 924.02KN

Total factored load

= 924.02*1.5
=1386.03KN

b) Footing area

= Total load/S.B.C
= 1386.03/185
= 7.49m2

Proportion the footing area in the same proportion as the side of the column.
3.3x*5.3x
x

= 7.49
= 0.428m

c) Short side of the footing

= 3.3*0.428 = 1.41m

d) Long side of the footing

= 5.3*0.428= 2.26m

Adopt, A rectangular footing of size 2.3m*1.4m.

3) FACTORED SOIL PRESSURE (upward pressure) at the base is computed as

Pu

= 786/ (2.3*1.4) = 244KN/m2

Check for pressure,

Pu

(1.5*S.B.C)

(1.5*185)

244

277.5 KN/m2

Hence, the footing area is adequate. Since the soil pressure developed at the
base is less than the factored bearing capacity of the soil.

4) FACTORED BENDING MOMENT

1.4 m

0.33 m
0.53 m
2.3 m

Cantilever projection from the short side face of the column

= (l-b)/2 = (2.3-0.53)/2 = 0.885m
Cantilever projection from the long side face of the column
= (l-b)/2 = (1.4-0.33)/2 = 0.535m
Bending moment at short side phase of the column
= wl2/2 = (244*0.8852)/2 = 95.55KNm
Bending moment at long side phase of the column
= wl2/2 = (244*0.5352)/2 = 34.91KNm

5) DEPTH OF FOOTING
From moment considerations,
Mu = 0.138fckbd2
Therefore,
d = Mu/ (0.138 fckb) = ((95.55*106)/ (0.138*20*1000)) = 186.00mm
From shear stress considerations,
The critical section for one-way shear is located at a distanced from the face
of the column.

VuL = 244(885-d)
Assuming the shear strength of c = 0.36N/mm2 for M20 grade concrete with
nominal percentage of reinforcement.
Pt = 0.25 (IS 456:2000)
c = VuL/bd
(0.36*103) = ((244*103)(885-d))/(1000d)
d = 357.516mm
Hence, adopt
d = 360mm
D = 400mm

6) REINFORCEMENT IN FOOTING
a) Longer direction
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1-(Ast fy)/(bdfck))
95.55*106= 0.87*415* Ast*360(1-(Ast*415)/(1000*360*20))
Ast= 769.22mm2
Using 12mm dia. bars;
Sv = (1000(/4) (12)2)/Ast(required)
= (1000(/4) (12)2)/769.22 = 147.00mm
Provide 12mm dia. bars at 145mm c/c.
Ast = (1000(/4) (12)2)/145 = 779.98mm2

b) Shorter direction

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1-(Ast fy)/ (bdfck))

34.91*106 = 0.87*415* Ast*360(1-(Ast*415)/ (1000*360*20))
Ast = 272.87mm2

c) Distribution Reinforcement
Mini.Rft= 0.12%*b*D
= (0.12/100)*1000*400 = 480 mm2
Using 8mm dia. bars;
Sv = (1000(/4)(8)2)/Ast = (1000(/4)(8)2)/480 = 104.72mm
Provide 8mm dia. bars at 200mm c/c.
Ast = (1000(/4)(8)2)/200 = 502.65mm2

7) CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

The critical section for one-way shear is located at a distanc dfrom the face
of the column. Ultimate Shear Force per metre width in the longer direction.
VuL= 244(885-360) = 128.0KN

8) PERCENTAGE OF TENSION REINFORCEMENT (P t)

Pt = (100* Ast)/ (bd) = (100*779.98)/(1000*360) = 0.22
Refer table 19 of IS 456:2000
c = 0.33N/mm2
v = Vu/(bd) = (128.0*103)/(1000*360) = 0.356N/mm2
c

Hence, the shear stresses are within the safe permissible limits.

6.3.6 DESIGN OF DOG- LEGGED STAIRS

Stair cases are generally provided connecting successive floors of a building and in small
buildings they are the only means of access between the floors. The stair case comprises of flight
of steps generally with one or more intermediate landing provided between the floor levels.
Dog-legged stair case is the most common type used in all types of buildings. It
comprises of two adjacent flights running parallel with a landing slab at mid height.

(1)

DATA
Height of floor =3.28m
Height of each flight =3.28/2 =1.640m
No. of steps =1.640/0.15 =10.9 = 11, (10 steps in each flight + 1 landing)

0.16 m
1.6 m
0.5 m

2.5 m
T=250mm
R=150 mm
3.0 m

Length of flight =10*250 =2500mm =2.500m

Effective span (l)=(0.16/2)+1.6+2.50 =4.28m

(2)

Thickness of waist slab

t =span/2 = (4.180*103)/20 =209mm
Therefore, D=200mm
d=200-20-10/2 = 175mm

(3)

Load calculation
(a)

Dead load of slab on slope =b*D* =1*0.20*25 =5KN/m

(b)

Dead load of one step

=1/2*T*R*
=1/2*0.25*0.15*25 =0.468KNm

(c)

Loads of steps / m length

=(0.468*1000)/T
= (0.468*10000)/250 =1.875KN/m

Therefore, Total D.L =7.343KN/m

Assume,

L.L=2.5KN/m

Therefore, Total load =9.84KN/m

Therefore, Factored load =14.76KN/m

(4)

Bending moment
Mu =wl2/8 = (14.76*4.1802)/8 =32.24KN/m

(5)

Check for depth (d)

d= (Mu/0.138*fck*b)

= (32.24*106/0.138*20*1000) =108.074mm 175mm

(6)

Main reinforcement
Mu =0.87 fyAstd [1-(Astfy/bd fck)]
32.24*106=0.87*415*Ast*175[1-(Ast*415/1000*175*20)]
32.24*106=63183.750*Ast-7.49Ast2
Ast=545.538mm2
Provide 12mm diameter bars
Sv = [

4(12)2/545.54)*1000] =207mm

Adopt, Sv = 200mm
Therefore, Astprov=[(/4(12)2/200)*1000] =565.487mm2
Therefore provide 12mm diameter bars at 200mm c/c.

(7)

Distribution Reinforcement
Ast =0.12%*b*D
=0.12/100*1000*200
=240mm2
Provide 8mm diameter bars
Sv=[(

)2/240)*1000

=209mm
Adopt, Sv = 200mm
Therefore Astprov=[(/4(8)2/200)*1000]
=251.327mm2
Provide 8mm diameter bars at 200mm c/c.