GERUND

The ing form of the verb may be the subject of a verb. Ex. Smoking is not allowed. Laughing helps you live longer. The gerund may be the object of certain verbs. Ex. I cant stand cheating. I love walking in the rain. Some verbs with a preposition - succeed in, think about, object to, look forward to, give up, - are followed by a gerund from only. Ex. They will succeed in completing the project. After preposition the gerund is used. Ex. After having lunch, On breaking the day, Some verbs are followed by ing form: like, enjoy, fancy, admit, consider, m iss, finish, m ind, hate, imagine, deny, involve, postpone, delay, suggest, avoid, practice, risk Ex. He didnt mind getting up early. They deny cheating in the exam. After some expressions we use the gerund: Cant help, cant stand, cant resist, cant bear, to be use to, to be worth Ex. I cant help biting my nails

INFINITIVE
Some verbs are followed by a to infinitive:

afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, consent, decide, demand, deserve, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, swear, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish. Ex. I cant afford to buy a new laptop for Christmas. Some of the verbs which are followed by a to- infinitive require a direct object before the Inf: advise, allow, command, convince, force, instruct, invite, order, remind, request, teach, tell. Ex. I advise you to prepare for the exam. Modal verbs can, could, may, should, will, need, - are followed b y inf. Ex. Can you be quiet, please? You should be more confident. Some verbs (let, make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have) are followed b y inf. Ex. Let him go out. She saw him come in. In the expressions adj + to inf. Ex. It is easy to understand. This exercise is hard to do.

-ing or infinitive?
Some verbs can be followed by either a to-infinitive or a gerund. In some cases, there is a change in meaning. With the verbs remember, forget, stop and regret the difference in meaning is connected with time. The ing form refers to things that happen before the time (in the past) while the to-infinitive refers to things that happen after them (in the future). Ex. Remember to go I remember going there once I forgot to send you a postcard Ill never forget seeing snow for the first time I stopped to see what was wrong I stopped reading the moment he arrived I regret telling her my secret I regret to tell you that you failed your test. I mean to finish it now That meant getting up early Some verbs have a change in meaning. She tried to put on the red dress, but it was too small. She tried putting on the red dress, but he didnt notice her.

A. Complete the sentences by using the correct form to-infinitive or gerund of the verbs in brackets. 1. The soldier refused _____________________ (obey) and was put in jail. 2. The accused denied ___________________ (kill) the old woman for her money. 3. Would you like _______________________ (make) a lot of money? 4. I dont mind ________________________ (live) with only a little money. 5. Ill never forget _________________ (ski) in the Alps that winter. 6. Dont forget ____________________ (post) the letter I gave you. 7. We regret ___________________ (inform) you that you have not passed the test. 8. The thief tried _________________ (climb) the wall, but he couldnt. 9. Will you stop _________________ (talk) in class? shouted the teacher. 10. I prefer ___________________ (go) to the cinema rather than the theatre.

B. Fill the gaps with to inf or ing 1. The shop keeps on ____________ (send) circulars. 2. I was only trying __________ (help) you. 3. I cant help _____________ (laugh) at his jokes. 3. They enjoy ____________ (spend) their holiday in Istanbul. 4. Its no good ___________ (use) such a small dictionary. 5. She stopped at Smiths ____________ (buy) a magazine. 6. My son likes ______________ (travel) by aeroplane.

C. Choose the best answer. 1. My father began to collect / collecting stamps years ago. 2. Jane hopes passing / to pass her exams next month. 3. Stop to tell / telling such stories to the men. 4. To smile / Smiling helps you make friends. 5. Theres no point in to do / doing it now. 6. He promised to write / writing soon.

D. Write the correct form of the TO INF or ING of the following verbs: travel push speak obey work kill talk drive ski 1. The soldier refused ____________ orders and was put in jail. 2. The accused denied ____________ the old woman for her money. 3. Ill never forget ___________ in the Alps that winter.
4. Will you stop _____________ in class? shouted the teacher. 5. If the car wont start, try ____________ it. 6. I prefer ___________ to Istanbul rather than Sicily. 7. Id rather you ____________ less and ______________ more. 8. They dont go their daughter __________ alone. 9. At ________________, we set off our honeymoon trip to New Zealand.

ANSWER KEY
A.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. to obey killing to make living skiing 6. to post 7. to inform 8. to climb 9. talking 10. going

B.
1. sending 4. spending 7. travelling 2. to help 5. to use 3. laughing 6. to buy

C.
1. to collect / collecting 3. telling 4. Smiling 6. to write 7. Talking 2. to pass 5. going

D.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The soldier refused to obey orders and was put in jail. The accused denied killing the old woman for her money. Ill never forget skiing in the Alps that winter. Will you stop talking in class? shouted the teacher. If the car wont start, try pushing it. I prefer travelling to Istanbul rather than Sicily. Id rather you to speak less and to work more. They dont want their daughter to go to England alone. At sunrising, we set off our honeymoon trip to New Zealand.