Cambia el tiempo de los verbos, los modales, y los adverbios que hagan referencia al tiempo, adems de los pronombres.
No olvides el nexo THAT que introduce la subordinada. Tiempos verbales !imple "resent # "ast simple want > wanted "resent Continuous # "ast Continuous Im cleaning > I was cleaning "resent "erfect # "ast "erfect I have finished > had finished "ast !imple # "ast "erfect I saw > had seen "ast Continuous# "ast "erf. Cont. I was watching >had been watching "ast "erfect # "ast "erfect I had come > had come $%ill told &ary ' ()ve *ust finished cleaning the room.)+, %ill said to &ary that she had finished cleaning the room right then. &odales Can # could should # .ill # /ould /ould # &ay # might might # &ust # had to Have to # had to $The policeman as0ed the thief '.here /ere you yesterday at 123)+, The policeman as0ed the thief /here he had been the previous day at 12. Adverbios Here # there this # that, the no/ # then At this moment# at that moment4time today # that day Tonight # that night tomorro/ # the next day, the follo/ing day Next &onday # the follo/ing &onday 5esterday# the day before, the previous day 6ast &onday # the previous &onday No solo se utili7a say para introducir el estilo indirecto, otros verbos que puedes encontrar son Affirm, argue, claim, state, afirmar explain, explicar inform, announce, informar declare, declarar observe, remar0, point out, hacer una observaci8n ans/er, reply, respond, responder add, a9adir tell $somebody something+ este es el sustituto ms usado. Interrogativas 6as YES/NO questions requieren una respuesta 'si) o 'no), y normalmente estn introducidas por un verbo auxiliar $He as0ed me ':o you 0no/ the ans/er3).+, He as0ed me if4 /hether ( 0ne/ the ans/er. ;n estos casos se utili7a la con*unci8n (< o .H;TH;, 6as WH- requieren una respuesta que d= ms informaci8n, estn introducidas por las wh- particles $/hy, /hat, /ho, /hen, /here, ho/+ $He as0ed me '.here is your sister3)+, He /anted to 0no/ /here my sister /as.> >$?*o en estilo indirecto ya no hay pregunta y por lo tanto el orden inverso @ ! no se mantieneA es como el de una afirmativa cualquiera ! @+ Reported Speech con TO + INFINITIVO: ?rdenes (tell, forbid) $&ary said angrily to %ohn 'Bive me that boo0).+, !he told him to give her that boo0. $':on)t spea0 !panishC)+, !he told him not to spea0 !panish.> $not antes de to+ !he forbade me to spea0 !panish. <avores (ask smb to do smth, beg) $Tom said' Could you bring me some /ater3)+, He as0ed her to bring him some /ater.
$%essy said ' :on)t leave me alone).+, !he begged not to leave her alone. Conse*os (advise, urge, recommend) $'5ou should4ought to 4 (f ( /ere you ()d 4 5ou had better go by taxi.)+ , He advised me to go by taxi. "romesas (promise) $He told me '()ll /rite you soon.)+, He promised to /rite me soon. Advertencias (warn) $'De careful /ith4 Ta0e care of4 .atch out for pic0poc0ets).+, He /arned me about pic0poc0ets. $':on)t cross the road alone.)+, He /arned me not to cross the road alone. Amena7as (threaten) $'(f you shout again, ()ll tell your father.)+, He threatened to tell my father if ( shouted again. Ayuda (offer) $'!hall ( drive you home3)+, $'( can drive you home), my told me.+> He offered to drive me home. >$no puede ser '!he offered me to drive home)+ (nvitaciones (invite) $'.ould you li0e to come to dinner tonight3)+, He invited me to come to dinner that night. ,ecordar (remind) $':on)t forget to post the letter.)+, He reminded me to post the letter. Reported speech con FOR + -ING: !ugerencias (suggest) $'.hy don)t /e go 4 !hall /e go 4 .hy not go 4 .hat4 Ho/ about going to a pub tonight3)+, He suggested going to a pub that night. ;n este caso usamos Eing porque la sugerencia nos incluye a nosotros '/e)A pero si alguien sugiere a otra persona que haga algo, usaremos !FBB;!TG THAT ! !H?F6: o G ! (N<(N(T(@; $-sub*unctive+ $.hy don)t you do more exercise3+, He suggested that ( should4 ( do more exercise. "edir perd8n (apologise for) $'()m sorry, ()ve been very rude.)+, He apologised for having been very rude. Agradecer (thank for) $'Than0 you for loo0ing after the children.)+, He than0ed for loo0ing after his children. Reported speech con THAT Hue*as (complain) $&y father said. '( thin0 the dinner /as too expensive.)+, &y father complained that the dinner had been very expensive. 1. The police officer said to the criminals, ':o you 0no/ /here your accomplice has gone3) I. &y cousin told my aunt, ':on)t leave me alone, please.) J. The customer remar0ed, 'The /aiters have been touching the food.) K. His friends said, '.hat about dining in this restaurant tomorro/ night3) L. "ete)s daughter told him, '( have to do a lot of home/or0, can you help me3) M. The angry elderly /oman told the children, ':on)t play football in my garden.) N. ?ur grandpa said to me, '5ou should visit me more often.) O. ':on)t /orry about the dog, ()ll ta0e care of him), !ally told her neighbour. P. The coo0 as0ed the scullion, '.here /ere you yesterday morning /hile /e /ere preparing the meal3 12. '"ete may not be at home, ( thin0 he is /or0ing no/), ,udy said. 11. The student ans/ered, '()m terribly sorry, ()ve forgotten my essay at home.) 1I. 'Those boxes cannot be moved, the guard has told me that it is dangerous), "hil said. 1J. ( explained my dentist that ( had bro0en my front teeth playing rugby. 1K. The sergeant /anted to 0no/ /ho /as shouting at the air at that moment. 1L. The doctor forbade the patient to smo0e any more. 1M. !ally told %ane that if she had had enough money she could have bought that handbag. 1N. !am /ondered if his pets /ould get used to the cold /eather of ,ussia.
(Qm thin0ing of going to live in <rance. &y father is in the hospital. !ue and %im are getting married next month. ( havenQt seen Dill for a /hile. (Qve been playing tennis a lot lately. Darbara has had a baby. ( donQt 0no/ /hat <red is doing. ( hardly ever go out these days. ( /or0 1K hours a day. (Qll tell %im ( sa/ you. 5ou can come and stay /ith me if you are ever in Toronto. Tom had an accident last /ee0, but he /asnQt in*ured. ( sa/ %ac0 at a party a fe/ months ago, and he seemed fine &y grandmother as0ed my brother if she had left her glasses there. The lady as0ed ho/ long you had been in 6ondon. &y friend as0ed me if ( had en*oyed the concert. &y father as0ed /hat the doctor had said about "eter. The receptionist as0ed me if ( could give her my telephone number. &y /ife as0ed me if ( had read my horoscope for that /ee0. The policeman as0ed the salesman if the thieves had run a/ay. ( as0ed <ran0 /hat he /as reading. !usan as0ed %ohn if he really li0ed *a77. &y boyfriend as0ed me /here ( preferred to go. %ohnQs grandfather as0ed him if he could practice the violin there. DrianQs sister as0ed him if he had any problem. &y mother as0ed me /hat my plans for the future /ere. The boss as0ed my sister if she had finished high school. &y friend as0ed me /hy you did not tal0 to him about the problem. Caroline as0ed me /hat ( /as going to do that summer. The passenger as0ed the ste/ardess /hen he could ta0e off his seat belt.
&y mother as0ed my father /hat ( /anted for dinner that night. ( as0ed the secretary if there /as a cafeteria in that building. The taxi driver as0ed me if ( had change for a dollar.
R.hy are the children studying hard3R He as0ed me. R.here do you go3R He as0ed me. R:id you buy a ne/ car3R
He as0ed me. R:o you have to arrive home by 113R He as0ed me. R.hat is your sister doing3R He as0ed me. R.ill you study for your exam3R He as0ed me. R.hat did "eter tell "eggy3R He as0ed me. RHave you been to 6ondon3R He as0ed me. R.hen did "ablo go to play tennis3R He as0ed me. R.ho /on the match3R He as0ed me. RAre you !panish3R He as0ed me. RCan ( go to the toilet3R He as0ed me . SHelen ( /ant to tell you something about my holiday in 6ondon. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen ( /ent to 6ondon in %uly. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen &y parents /ent /ith me. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen .e spent three days in 6ondon. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen 6ondon is a multicultural place. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen ( sa/ people of all colours. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen &e and my parents visited the To/er. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen ?ne evening /e /ent to see a musical. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen ( love 6ondon.
SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that SHelen The people are so nice there. SBareth .hat does she say3 S5ou !he says that
REPORTE SPEE!H "esti#o indirecto$ ;n general, el estilo indirecto en ingl=s se corresponde con su forma en castellano ;stilo directo ;stilo indirecto RAre you hungryR !he as0ed if she /as hungry RTTienes hambre3R "regunt8 si =l tenUa hambre. R( /ill go next /ee0R He said he /ould go the follo/ing /ee0 (r= la pr8xima semana :i*o que irUa la semana siguiente !he said she had gone to the cinema the previous R( /ent to the cinema yesterdayR day RAyer fui al cineR :i*o que habUa ido al cine el dUa anterior !in embargo, la elecci8n de la forma verbal en estilo indirecto depender del punto de vista del hablante. "or e*emplo, la frase siguiente tendr diferentes versiones, dependiendo de cundo se comenta o relata lo que ha sido dicho por otra persona R.e are leaving at LR They say they are leaving at L They said they are leaving at L They said they /ere leaving at L ellos+ $!e comenta inmediatamente+ $!e comenta antes de que ellos se vayan+ $!e dice una ve7 que ellos se han ido o dudamos de lo afirmado por
Normalmente utili7aremos la versi8n en pasado, en cuyo caso los siguientes cambios en los verbos se aplican ;stilo directo "resent simple or continuous "ast simple or continuous 4 present perfect 4 past perfect ;*emplos /ait$s+ am4is4are /aiting /aited 4 has /aited 4 had /aited /as /aiting4has been /aiting4had been /aiting ;stilo indirecto "ast simple or continuous "ast perfect
/aited /as4/ere /aiting had /aited had been /aiting
/ill /ould can4could could must4have to had to ought to ought to shall4should should may might ?tros cambios l8gicos se aplican a adverbios de lugar y tiempo, demostrativos, pronombres, etc., dependiendo del contexto. (4/e he or she4they this4these that4those
here
that day the day after4follo/ing no/4at the moment then4at that moment tomorro/ day the day before4previous three months ago three months before yesterday day ;n cuanto a las preg%ntas, en estilo indirecto solo puede haber frases negativas o afirmativas, por lo que hay que tener especial cuidado con el orden de las palabras. Tambi=n hay que tener en cuenta que !i la pregunta comien7a con un pronombre interrogativo como /ho 4 /hat time 4 /hen 4 ho/ much..., tambi=n utili7aremos =ste en la frase en estilo indirecto, seguido de una frase afirmativa o negativa. !i no tiene pronombre interrogativo, utili7aremos I& $si...+' He said to me R.hat time do you get up3R He as0ed me /hat time ( got up. He said RHas %ohn studied ;nglishR He as0ed me i& %ohn had studied ;nglish. Nota No se usarUa RthatR nunca He as0ed me that if %ohn had studied ;nglish. 6os ver(os que se utili7an en las oraciones de estilo indirecto son de dos tipos 6os que requieren un complemento, por e*emplo T;66 ( told her he /as studying ;nglish. Aquellos que no lo necesitan, como por e*emplo !A5 ( said he /as studying ;nglish. @erbos parecidos a SA) $no necesitan complemento+ @erbos parecidos a TE** $necesitan complemento+ admit ans/er declare indicate observe mention report believe thin0 prove... advise convince inform notify teach promise remind...
there
today
"or Vltimo las +rdenes, r%egos - peticiones requieren una estructura diferente en estilo indirecto, siendo los verbos ms utili7ados TE** y AS. + O/0ETO + "NOT$ TO in&initivo, como por e*emplo The doctor told me RTa0e the pills before mealsR The doctor told me to ta0e the pills before meals. He said R:onQt go near the sea, childrenCR He told the children not to go near the sea. R.ould you turn on the radio, please3R, he as0ed He as0ed me to turn on the radio.
