A Method of Selecting On-line Condition Monitoring for Substation Power Equipment.
W.J (Bill) Bergman Power System Solutions
IEEE Switchgear Condition Monitoring, November 11, 1999 Pittsburgh
Basis of Presentation
Canadian
Electricity Association (CEA) CEA Project No. 485T1049 On-line Condition Monitoring of Substation Power Equipment - Utility Needs January 1997. IEEE C37.10.1 Guide to Selecting Monitoring for Power Circuit Breakers
Draft
IEEE Switchgear Condition Monitoring, November 11, 1999 Pittsburgh
Broader View of Monitoring
View
in context of substation automation
On-line condition monitoring SCADA Intelligent electronic devices (IED) Automated meter reading (AMR) (customer & system) Environmental data Combine above to leverage greater value from individual monitoring investments and goals
IEEE Switchgear Condition Monitoring, November 11, 1999 Pittsburgh
Substation/Transmission Automation
Means
of combining data to improve available information Means of extracting data to gain relevant information and avoid duplication of monitoring Means of directing information to most appropriate location/user (i.e. operations, maintenance, business, etc.)
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Purposes of Monitoring
Reduce
or avoid forced outages, Improve safety to personnel and the environment, Improve equipment or power system utilization, Improve equipment or power system availability, (and reliability), and Optimize maintenance costs
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Basis of Selecting Monitoring
Principles
of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) including:
Failure Modes and Effects (Criticality) Analysis FMEA or FME(C)A
Value-based
Asset Management Review of failure statistics Combine existing available & new signals Commercially products available ?
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Reliability Centered Maintenance
Directed
at preservation of function Intended as a logic structure for value based maintenance selection Technique can be used to identify design improvements and select monitoring
IEEE Switchgear Condition Monitoring, November 11, 1999 Pittsburgh
Reliability Centered Maintenance
Select
RCM system boundaries and interfaces Define functions Failure Modes, Effects, Criticality Analysis Match appropriate maintenance and inspection tasks to failure causes (RCM) Match on-line condition monitoring to failure characteristic (Monitor Selection)
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Failure Modes and Effects (Criticality) Analysis - FME(C)A
Identify
functions Identify failure modes Identify failure causes Identify effects of failure modes Identify criticality or risk Select on-line monitoring to match characteristic of developing failure cause(s)
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Risk Matrix
Risk Matrix (Risk probability * consequences) Consequence 1 Catastrophic 2 Critical 3 Moderate 4 Negligible I Frequent II Probable Probability III IV Occasional Remote V Improbable
A A A B
A A B C
A B B C
B B C C
B C C C
10
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Failure Statistics Sources
CEA
Forced Outage Performance of Transmission Equipment for 5 yr periods CIGRE Circuit Breaker and Transformer Surveys IEEE 463-1990 Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
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CANADIAN ELECTRICAL ASSOCIATION EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY INFORMATION SYSTEM FORCED OUTAGE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT
MAJOR COMPONENT
TRANSFORMERS TRANSMISSION LINES CIRCUIT BREAKERS CABLE SHUNT REACTOR BANK CAPACITOR BANK
ONE THREE PHASE ELEMENT
THREE WOOD SINGLE PHASE ELEMENTS
STEEL
BULK OIL
MINIMUM OIL
AIR BLAST
SF6 LIVE TANK
SF6 DEAD TANK
VACUUM
OTHER
VOLTAGE CLASSIFICATION IN kV
110-149
150-199 200-299
300-399
500-599
600-799
ALL INTEGRAL SUBCOMPONENTS
ALL TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
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Combining of Signals (example)
interrupter gas density interrupter gas density gas leakage rate prediction of fill time
interrupter gas pressure interrupter gas temperature
with the addition of time
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Value Based (Cost/Benefit) Analysis
Areas
of Value (Cost & Benefit)
Inspection Maintenance Consequences of Failure
Important
to include ALL costs since this forms the pool of costs that can be reduced by monitoring
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Inspection Costs Considerations
Actual
inspection labor Travel time and costs Contractor services Training time and costs Reporting & analyzing results, technical and management support of inspection activity Support personnel
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Maintenance Costs Considerations
Power
system outage costs e.G. Increased losses, loss of revenue Actual maintenance labor Travel time and costs Contractor services Training time and costs
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Maintenance Costs Consideration (contd)
spare
parts management, procurement, warehousing, delivery, interest preparation of power system switching schedules and orders, issuing of safe work permits Power system switching effort, installation and removal of workers protective grounding power system outage costs e.g. increased losses, loss of revenue
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Failure Resolution Considerations
Actual
failure analysis, rebuild/repair labor Travel time and costs Contractor services Power system outage costs, e.g. increased losses, loss of revenue In and Out costs of failed equipment and replacement equipment, transportation
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Conclusions
Significant
benefits to appropriately applied
monitoring Need timely information - not more data Make better use of existing signals & data Condition monitoring is a joint effort between manufacturers (OEM and 3rd parties, utilities (equipment, P&C, communications) and software developers
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Conclusions
RCM
& FMEA (and later RCFA) provide logic structure for application of monitoring Significant benefit to standards particularly transducers, communications protocol & data management
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Recommendations
Individual
on-line monitoring efforts need to integrate with the larger and longer term issues of substation and transmission automation. need to define long term desired outcomes for on-line monitoring
Utilities
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Recommendations
Apply
condition monitoring in context of RCM and FME(C)A
Use Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), a concept directed at preserving function Use Failure Mode & Effects Criticality Analysis (FMECA) directed at identifying specific failure causes of functional failure modes, suggested as a strategy for identifying and selecting condition monitoring opportunities
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Recommendations
Develop
standards for hardware, software and communications protocols Incorporate future on-line condition monitoring into integrated substation automation SCADA, metering, data collection, and protection & controls
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Recommendations
Continue
to extract or develop information from available data within the substation better use of existing data supplement ed with additional easily obtained data/information systems need to be developed for on-line monitoring to translate data rapidly into recommended action.
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Make
Expert
Recommendations
Optimize
costs with ability to use a stepped or modular approach to on-line condition monitoring implementation. improved monitoring sensors
Develop
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Recommendations
Standardize
and expand on failure / diagnostics reporting Further research on failure mechanisms and failure patterns (associated time to failure and degree of warning knowledge)
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References
CEA Project No. 485T1049 On-line Condition Monitoring of Substation Power Equipment - Utility Needs January 1997 CEA Forced Outage Performance of Transmission Equipment for Periods January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992
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References
IEEE C37.10.1 draft Guide for selecting monitoring for Power Circuit Breakers
Aimed at guiding users in the selection and application of monitoring to circuit breakers. Based on FMEA, Risk management and Economic analysis Draft stage
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References
CSA
CAN/CSA-Q634-M91Risk Analysis Requirements and Guidelines IEC 812 Analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) IEC 1025 Fault tree analysis (FTA)
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References
The
First International enquiry on Circuit Breaker Failures & Defects in Service ELECTRA No. 79, Dec 1985, pp 21 - 91. {20,000 circuit breakers of all types >63 kV for the years 1974 through 1977; (77,892 circuit-breaker-years)}
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References
Final
Report of the Second International Enquiry on High Voltage Circuit Breaker Failures, CIGRE Working Group 13.06 Report, June 1994. {18,000 single pressure SF6 circuit breakers >63 kV for the years 1988 to 1991; (70,708 circuit-breakeryears)}
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References
An
International Survey on Failures in Large Power Transformers in Service Final report of Working Group 05 of CIGRE Study Committee 12 (Transformers), published in Electra No. 88, January 1983.
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References
IEEE
463-1990 Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
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References
IEEE
C37.10-1996 Guide for circuit breaker diagnostics and failure investigation IEEE 1325-1996 Recommended practice for reporting failure data for power circuit breakers
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References
ANSI/IEEE
C57.117-1986 (Reaff 1992), Guide for Reporting Failure Data for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors on Electric Power Systems ANSI/IEEE C57.125-1991, Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformer and Shunt Reactor
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Reference
Assessment
of Reliability Worth in Electric Power Systems in Canada (NSERC Strategic Grant STR0045005 Prepared by the Power System Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, June 1993)
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