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Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure: Cardiovascular System

Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is usually caused by conditions that damage or weaken the heart muscle such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. Risk factors include age over 65, family history, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Over time, the weakened heart becomes less effective at pumping blood, which can back up and cause fluid retention in the lungs and periphery, manifesting as symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling of the legs and ankles. Without treatment, the condition will progress and lead to more severe complications affecting multiple organ systems.

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178 views3 pages

Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure: Cardiovascular System

Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is usually caused by conditions that damage or weaken the heart muscle such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. Risk factors include age over 65, family history, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Over time, the weakened heart becomes less effective at pumping blood, which can back up and cause fluid retention in the lungs and periphery, manifesting as symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling of the legs and ankles. Without treatment, the condition will progress and lead to more severe complications affecting multiple organ systems.

Uploaded by

banyenye25
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure Etiology:

Risk Factors: Age: 65 and up Race: African-Americans Gender: More common in male Family history of Cardiovascular Diseases Smoking Substance Abuse

Primary risk factors Coronary artery disease (CAD) Advancing age Contributing risk factors Hypertension Diabetes Tobacco use Obesity High serum cholesterol African American descent Valvular heart disease Hypervolemia

Cardiovascular System Chronic Exposure to factors affecting the Cardiovascular System Reduces Efficiency of Myocardium through damage and overloading Systemic Vascular Resistance Stimulation of Adrenergic System Force of LV Contraction Peripheral Artery Constriction LV Workload Coronary Artery Constriction LV Oxygen Demand Epinephrine Release Systemic BP ADH Renal Blood Flow Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Chest Pain LV Hypoxia Force of LV Contraction LV End Diastolic Volume LV Preload LA Preload Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Sodium and Water Retention Peripheral Edema RV Failure RV Preload Cardiac Output Ventricular Remodeling Progressive Loss of Cardiac Output Myocardial Hypertrophy Pulmonary Congestion Cough Dyspnea LV Failure Oxygen Supply Cerebral Perfusion Dizziness Fainting HR and contractility Systemic BP

Loss of Myocytes

Congestive Heart Failure

Possible Complications and other Signs and Symptoms

Cardiovascular System - Tachycardia - Angina Pectoris - Hypertension - Myocardial Infarction - Hypotension - Pericardial Effusion - Decrease Cardiac Output - Myocardial Hypertrophy - Cardiovascular Arrest

Respiratory System - Dyspnea - Shortness of Breath - Pulmonary Infections (CAP) - White colored sputum - Atelectasis - Respiratory Arrest

Cerebrovascular System - Dizziness - Lightheadedness - Headache - Fainting - Decrease LOC - Cerebrovascular Accident

Urinary System - Na and H2O Retention - Oliguria - Anuria - Urinary Tract Infection

Legend: Etiologic Factors Organ/System Affected Disease Flow Disease Process Presented Signs and Symptoms Compensatory Mechanism Chronic Heart Failure without Treatment results to Disease Possible Complications and other signs and symptoms

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