Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No.

2, May 2011

Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using QOSTBC Code Structure for M-QAM
Lavish Kansal, Ankush Kansal and Kulbir Singh

Abstract --- MIMO-OFDM system has been currently

recognized as one of the most competitive technology for 4G mobile wireless systems. MIMO-OFDM system can compensate for the lacks of MIMO systems and give play to the advantages of OFDM system. In this paper, a general Quasi orthogonal space time block code (QOSTBC) structure is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMOOFDM) systems for 8X8 antenna configuration. The signal detection technology used in this paper for MIMO-OFDM system is Zero-Forcing Equalization (linear detection technique). In this paper the analysis of high level of modulations ( i.e M-QAM for different values of M) on MIMOOFDM system is presented. Here AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channels have been used for analysis purpose and their effect on BER for high data rates have been presented. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system with QOSTBC using 8X8 antenna configuration has better performance in terms of BER vs SNR than the other systems.
Keywords:- MIMO, OFDM, QOSTBC, M-QAM

Spatially multiplexed MIMO is known to boost the throughput, on the other hand, when much higher throughputs are aimed at, the multipath character of the environment causes the MIMO channel to be frequency-selective. OFDM can transform such a frequency-selective MIMO channel into a set of parallel frequency-flat MIMO channels and also increase the frequency efficiency. Therefore, MIMO-OFM technology has been researched as the infrastructure for next generation wireless networks [3]. Therefore, MIMO-OFDM, produced by employing multiple transmit and receive antennas in an OFDM system has becoming a practical alternative to single carrier and Single Input Single Output (SISO) transmission [4]. However, channel estimation becomes computationally more complex compared to the SISO systems due to the increased number of channels to be estimated. This complexity problem is further compounded when the channel from the ith transmit antenna to the mth receive antenna is frequency-selective. Using OFDM, information symbols are transmitted over several parallel independent sub-carriers using the computationally efficient IFFT/FFT modulation/demodulation vectors [5]-[8]. These MIMO wireless systems, combined with OFDM, have allowed for the easy transmission of symbols in time, space and frequency. In order to extract diversity from the channel, different coding schemes have been developed. The seminal example is the Alamouti Space Time Block (STB) code [9] which could extract spatial and temporal diversity. Many other codes have also been proposed [10][12] which have been able to achieve some or all of the available diversity in the channel at various transmission rates. In open-loop schemes, there are generally two approaches to implement MIMO systems. One is to increase the spatial transmit diversity (STD) by means of space-time coding and space-frequency coding. Another is to raise the channel capacity by employing spatial division multiplexing (SDM) that

1. INTRODUCTION As the demand for high-data rate multimedia grows, several approaches such as increasing modulation order or employing multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver have been studied to enhance the spectral efficiency [1],[2]. In todays communication systems Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a widespread modulation technique. Its benefits are high spectral efficiency, robustness against inter-symbol interference, ease of implementation using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and simple equalization techniques. Recently, there have been a lot of interests in combining the OFDM systems with the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique. These systems are known as MIMO OFDM systems.

Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

simultaneously transmits independent data symbols through multiple transmit antennas. STD mitigates impairments of channel fading and noise, whereas SDM increases the spectral efficiency [13],[14]. In section 2, general theory of OFDM and the necessary condition for orthogonality is discussed. In section 2.1, the signal model of OFDM system with SISO configuration is discussed in detail with the help of block diagram. In section 2.2, M-QAM (MQuardrature Amplitude Modulation) modulation technique is discussed in detail. In section 2.3, different channels used for analyses purpose are discussed namely AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channel. In section 3, general theory about the MIMO system is presented. In section 4, MIMO-OFDM system with QOSTBC is discussed. In section 4.1, general theory about QOSTBC and the proposed QOSTBC code structure for 8x8 antenna configuration is presented. In section 4.2, idea about the linear detection technique i.e. Zero Forcing equalization for MIMO-OFDM system is presented. Finally in section 5, the simulated results based on the performance of MIMO-OFDM system in AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channels have been shown in the form of plots of BER vs SNR for M-PSK and MQAM modulation and for different antenna configurations. 2. ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (OFDM) OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation technique where data symbols modulate a sub-carrier which is taken from orthogonally separated sub-carriers with a separation of fk within each sub-carrier. Here, the spectra of sub-carrier is overlapping; but the subcarrier signals are mutually orthogonal, which is utilizing the bandwidth very efficiently. To maintain the orthogonality, the minimum separation between the sub-carriers should be fk to avoid ICI (Inter Carrier Interference) . By choosing the sub-carrier spacing properly in relation to the channel coherence bandwidth, OFDM can be used to convert a frequency selective channel into a parallel collection of frequency flat subchannels. Techniques that are appropriate for flat fading channels can then be applied in a straight forward fashion . 2.1 OFDM Signal Model Figure.1 shows the block diagram of a OFDM system with SISO configuration. Denote Xl ( l = 0,1,2,....,N 1) as the modulated symbols on the lth transmitting subcarrier of OFDM symbol at transmitter, which are assumed independent, zero-mean random variables, with average power .The complex baseband OFDM signal at output of the IFFT can be written as:
xn =
l

(1)

where N is the total number of subcarriers and the OFDM symbol duration is T seconds. At the receiver, the received OFDM signal is mixed with local oscillator signal, with the frequency offset deviated from f the carrier frequency of the received signal owing to frequency estimation error or Doppler velocity, the received signal is given by: where hn, , and zn represent the channel impulse response, the corresponding frequency offset of received signal at the sampling instants: f T is the frequency offset to subcarrier frequency spacing ratio, and the AWGN respectively, while denotes the circular convolution. Assuming that a cyclic prefix is employed; the receiver have a perfect time synchronization. Note that a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the convolution of two signals in time domain is equivalent to the multiplication of the corresponding signals in the frequency domain.

n = (xn

hn) + zn

(2)

Then the output of the FFT in frequency domain signal on the kth receiving subcarrier becomes:
k = lHlYl - k + Zk ,

The first term of (3) is a desired transmitted data symbol Xk. The second term represents the ICI from the undesired data symbols on other subcarriers in OFDM symbol. Hk is the channel frequency response and Zk denotes the frequency domain of zn. The term Yl - k is the coefficient of FFT (IFFT), is given by: when the channel is flat, Yl - k can be considered as a complex weighting function of the transmitted data symbols in frequency domain [15].
() Yl - k =

= XkHkU0 + , HlYl - k + Zk

k=0,.,N-1

(3)

(4)

Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

Source Data

Channel Coding

Inter leaving

S/P Modulation

IFFT

P/S

Cyclic Prefix

CHANNEL

Remove Cyclic Prefix

S/P

FFT

P/S

Demodulation

De-Inter leaving

Channel Decoding

Received Data

Figure 1: Block Diagram of OFDM system

2.2 Different Modulations Techniques used in OFDM system Modulation is the process of mapping the digital information to analog form so it can be transmitted over the channel. Consequently every digital communication system has a modulator that performs this task. Closely related to modulation is the inverse process, called demodulation, done by the receiver to recover the transmitted digital information [16]. Modulation of a signal changes binary bits into an analog waveform. Modulation can be done by changing the amplitude, phase, and frequency of a sinusoidal carrier. There are several digital

modulation techniques used for data transmission. The nature of OFDM only allows the signal to modulate in amplitude and phase. There can be coherent or non-coherent modulation techniques. Unlike non-coherent modulation, coherent modulation uses a reference phase between the transmitter and the receiver which brings accurate demodulation together with receiver complexity [17]. 2.2.1 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation In M-ary PSK modulation, the amplitude of the transmitted signals was constrained to remain constant, thereby yielding a circular constellation. By

Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

allowing the amplitude to vary with the phase, a new modulation scheme called quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is obtained as shown in figure 2 [10]. The transmitted M-ary QAM symbol i can be expressed as
i = 1,2,..M & 0 < t < Ts (5) Where an and bn are amplitudes taking on the values and an , bn = a, 3a,.(log2 * M-1)a Si(t) = an* cos (2*fc) - *bn *cos (2*fc)

Scattering occurs when the signal impinges upon rough surfaces, or small objects. Received signal is sometimes stronger than the reflected and diffracted signal since scattering spreads out the energy in all directions and consequently provides additional energy for the receiver which can receive more than one copies of the signal in multiple paths with different phases and powers. Reflection, diffraction and scattering in combination give birth to multipath fading. [18] 2.3.1 AWGN Channel Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is a universal channel model for analyzing modulation schemes. In this model, the channel does nothing but add a white Gaussian noise to the signal passing through it. This implies that the channels amplitude frequency response is flat (thus with unlimited or infinite bandwidth) and phase frequency response is linear for all frequencies so that modulated signals pass through it without any amplitude loss and phase distortion of frequency components. Fading does not exist. The only distortion is introduced by the AWGN. AWGN channel is a theoretical channel used for analysis purpose only. The received signal is simplified to:
r(t) = s(t) + n(t)

(6)

Where M is assumed to be a power of 4 for M-QAM modulation. The parameter a can be related to the average signal energy (Es) by
a=

*(M-1)

(7)

2.3.2 Rayleigh Fading Channel Figure 2: QAM Constelations 2.3 CHANNELS Wireless transmission uses air or space for its transmission medium. The radio propagation is not as smooth as in wire transmission since the received signal is not only coming directly from the transmitter, but the combination of reflected, diffracted, and scattered copies of the transmitted signal. Reflection occurs when the signal hits a surface where partial energy is reflected and the remaining is transmitted into the surface. Reflection coefficient, the coefficient that determines the ratio of reflection and transmission, depends on the material properties. Diffraction occurs when the signal is obstructed by a sharp object which derives secondary waves.

where n(t) is the additive white Gaussian noise [18].

(8)

Constructive and destructive nature of multipath components in flat fading channels can be approximated by Rayleigh distribution if there is no line of sight which means when there is no direct path between transmitter and receiver. The received signal can be simplified to: where h(t) is the random channel matrix having Rayleigh distribution and n(t) is the additive white Gaussian noise. The Rayleigh distribution is basically the magnitude of the sum of two equal independent orthogonal Gaussian random variables and the probability density function (pdf) given by:
p(r) = 0 (10) 2 where is the time-average power of the received signal [19],[20].

r(t) = s(t)*h(t) + n(t)

(9)

Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

2.3.3 Rician Fading Channel When there is line of sight, direct path is normally the strongest component goes into deeper fade compared to the multipath components. This kind of signal is approximated by Rician distribution. As the dominating component run into more fade the signal characteristic goes from Rician to Rayleigh distribution. The received signal can be simplified to: where h(t) is the random channel matrix having Rician distribution and n(t) is the additive white Gaussian noise. The Rician distribution is given by: where A denotes the peak amplitude of the dominant signal and I0[.] is the modified Bessel function of the first kind and zero-order. 3. MULTI INPUT MULTI OUTPUT (MIMO) SYSTEMS Multi-antenna systems can be classified into three main categories. Multiple antennas at the transmitter side are usually applicable for beam forming purposes. Transmitter or receiver side multiple antennas for realizing different (frequency, space) diversity schemes. The third class includes systems with multiple transmitter and receiver antennas realizing spatial multiplexing (often referred as MIMO by itself). In radio communications MIMO means multiple antennas both on transmitter and receiver side of a specific radio link. In case of spatial multiplexing different data symbols are transmitted on the radio link by different antennas on the same frequency within the same time interval. Multipath propagation is assumed in order to ensure the correct operation of spatial multiplexing, since MIMO is performing better in terms of channel capacity in a rich scatter multipath environment than in case of environment with LOS (line of sight). This fact was spectacularly shown in [21]. MIMO transmission can be characterized by the time variant channel matrix:
, (, ), (, ) (, ) H(, )= , , (, ) , (, ) ( 13) , (, )

path between the nt-th transmitter antenna and the nr-th receiver antenna. NT and NR represent the number of transmitter and receiver antennas respectively. Derived from Shannons law, for the capacity of MIMO channel the following expression was proven in [21] and [22]: where H denotes the channel matrix and HH its transpose conjugate, I represents the identity matrix and Rss the covariance matrix of the transmitted signal s. Tx antennas Tx 1 MIMO-channels Rx antennas Rx 1
H C = ( ) (det(I + HRssH ))

r(t) = s(t)*h(t) + n(t)

(14)

(11)

p(r) =

( )

I0( ) for (A 0, 0)

(12)

Tx 2

Rx 2

Tx M

Rx N

Figure 3 Block Diagram of a generic MIMO system with M transmitters and N receivers 4. MIMO-OFDM WITH QUASSI ORTHOGONAL SPACE TIME BLOCK CODING (QOSTBC)

MIMO-OFDM systems with orthogonal spacetime block coding (O-STBC) [12] are particularly attractive due to the fact that they require a relatively simple linear decoding scheme while still providing full diversity gain . Unfortunately, they suffer from a lower code rate when a complex signal constellation and the complexity that more than two transmit antennas are used. To overcome the disadvantages of O-STBC, quasi-orthogonal spacetime block coding (QO-STBC) was proposed in the literature [23],[24] and the existing works have shown that QO-STBC offers a higher data rate and partial diversity gain. To design a QO-STBC with full diversity gain, an improved QO-STBC through constellation rotation was proposed in [25] and [26].Maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding in QO-STBC works with pairs of transmitted symbols, leading to an increase in decoding complexity with modulation level M2. This subsequently increases transmission delay when a high-level modulation scheme or multiple antennas

where the general element, hnt,nr (, t) represents the complex time-variant channel transfer function at the

Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

are employed. C. K. Sung, J. Kim, and I. Lee [27] proposed a method to improve the QO-STBC performance with iterative decoding, which of course achieves higher reliability but increases decoding complexity. In [28][32], some new decoding methods were proposed to reduce the computational complexity. 4.1 QUASSI ORTHOGONAL SPACE TIME BLOCK CODES Consider a system with eight transmit antennas (i.e. M = 8) and 8 receive antennas (i.e. N=8). In what follows, assume that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the receiver but unavailable at the transmitter. Also assume that the channel is quasi-static, i.e. the channel coefficients are constant within one block of code transmission and independently realized from block to block. Let A12, A34, A56 and A78 be four Alamouti codes as in [9]
A12 = , A34 = ,

Where , is the inner = ( ) ( ) product of vectors Vi and Vj . Therefore, the subspace created by V1 and V5 is orthogonal to the subspace created by V2 and V6 , and similar is true for other columns as given by equation(17).

Note that it has been proven in [33] maximum diversity of the order of 8*N for a rate one code is impossible in this case. Now, suppose Vi, i = 1 ,2..8 as the ith column of Q, it is easy to see that : , = 0, i 5 , = 0, i 1 , = 0, i 6 , = 0, i 2 , = 0, i 7 , = 0, i 3 , = 0, i 8 , = 0, i 4 (18)

4.2 SIGNAL DETECTION OF MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM Signal detection of MIMO-OFDM system can be carried out by various sub-carrier channel signal detection. Although the whole channel is a frequency-selective fading, but various sub-carriers channel divided can be regarded as flat fading, so the flat fading MIMO signal detection algorithm for MIMO-OFDM system can be directly into the detection of all sub-channels, and signal detection algorithm of the corresponding MIMO-OFDM system can be obtained. Similarly, the other optimization algorithms used in flat fading MIMO signal detection can also be leaded into the MIMOOFDM system. MIMO-OFDM detection methods consist of linear and nonlinear detection test. 4.2.1 Zero Forcing Algorithm [34]

Here the subscript 12, 34, 56 and 78 are used to represent the indeterminate s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 and s8 in the transmission matrix. Now consider the space time block code for M and N equals to 8 according the method given in [24], the matrix for 8x8 antenna configuration can also be constructed as follows :
B = C = = =

A56 = and A78 =

(15)

And the proposed matrix configuration is given as:

Q=

for

8x8

(16)

antenna

For k = 0, 1, 2,.,K-1, so that,

Zero Forcing algorithm is regard the signal of each transmitting antenna output as the desired signal, and regard the remaining part as a disturbance, so the mutual interference between the various transmitting antennas can be completely neglected. The specific algorithm is as follows:
R(k) = [R1(k),R2(k),...,RN(k)]T
)( )( )( )( )( )(

(17)

Here R(k), S(k), N(k) respectively express output signal, the input signal and noise vector of the k sub-

)( )( H(k) = )(

N(k) = [N1(k),N2(k),...,NN(k)]T

S(k) = [S1(k),S2(k),.,SM(k)]T

(19) (20) (21)

(22)

Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

channels in MIMO-OFDM system, for M transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas, H(k) expresses channel matrix of the k sub-channels, mathematical expression of sub-channel in the MIMO-OFDM system is as follows:
R(k) = H(k)S(k) + N(k)

(23)

Zero-forcing (ZF) detection algorithm for MIMO detection algorithm is the most simple and basic algorithms, and the basic idea of zero forcing algorithm is get rid of MIMO-channel interference by multiplying received signal and the inverse matrix of channel matrix. Zero-Forcing solution of MIMOOFDM system is as follows: In which H-1 is the channel matrix for the generalized inverse matrix, the type is obtained for hard-decision demodulation after that to be the source signal estimates:
ZF = E(SZF) S

S(k) and output signal R(k), that is similar to the flat

There is a linear relationship between input signal fading channel for each subcarrier channel in MIMOOFDM system. Its equivalent block diagram is shown in Figure 5. Therefore, signal detection can be transformed into K sub-channels in their signal detection to complete in MIMO-OFDM system and each sub-channel detection of the above can be used flat fading MIMO channel to achieve the detection algorithm.

SZF = H-1 R = S + H-1 N

(24)

(25)

S1(k) S2(k)

R1(k) R2(k)

SM(k)

Subcarrier channel H(k)

Subchannel detection
RN(k)

(k) (k) (k)

Channel Estimation

Figure 4: Baseband block diagram of k subcarrier channel in MIMO-OFDM system

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5. SIMULATION RESULTS DISCUSSIONS The system discussed above has been designed and results are shown in the form of SNR vs BER plot for different modulations and different channels. Here different antenna configurations such as 1x1, 2x2, 4x4, 6x6 and proposed 8x8 are used to show the advantage in term of SNR of using 8x8 antenna configuration over the other configurations. The analyses have been done for three channels AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channel.
10
0

10

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 1024-QAM in AWGN channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 2 4 6 8 RX RX RX RX RX

10 bit error rate 10

-1

-2

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 64-QAM in AWGN channel 1 2 4 6 8 TX x TX x TX x TX x TX x 1 2 4 6 8 RX RX RX RX RX

10
-3

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

10 bit error rate

-1

Figure 5(c) Figure 5 (a)-(c) : SNR vs BER plots for M-QAM over AWGN channel for MIMO-OFDM system employing different antenna configurations (a) 64-QAM, (b) 256-QAM & (c) 1024-QAM For MIMO-OFDM system SNR vs BER plots using M-QAM over AWGN channel employing different antenna configurations are shown in Figure 5. The graphs gives the clear idea that in MIMO-OFDM system as we goes on increasing the no. of Transmitters and Recievers the BER keeps on decreasing due to space diversity and the proposed system provide better BER performance as compared to the other antenna configurations.
10
0

10

-2

10

-3

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

Figure 5(a)
10
0

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 256-QAM in AWGN channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 64-QAM in RAYLEIGH channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

10 bit error rate

-1

10 bit error rate 10

-1

10

-2

-2

10

-3

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90
10
-3

10

20

30

Figure 5(b)

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

Figure 6(a)

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Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

space diversity, when we increases the no. of Transmitters and Recievers and the proposed system provide better BER performance as compared to the other antenna configurations. Here the BER is higher than the BER for MIMO-OFDM with M-QAM in AWGN channel.
10
-2

10

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 256-QAM in RAYLEIGH channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

10 bit error rate

-1

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 64-QAM in RICIAN channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

10

10
-3

-1

10

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

Figure 6(b)
10
0

bit error rate 10

-2

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 1024-QAM in RAYLEIGH channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

10

-3

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

10 bit error rate

-1

Figure 7(a)
10
10
-2

SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 265-QAM in RICIAN channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

10
10 20 30 40 50 60 signal to noise ratio 70 80 90

-1

Figure 6(c) Figure 6 (a)-(c): SNR vs BER plots for M-QAM over Rayleigh channel for MIMO-OFDM system employing different antenna configurations (a) 64-QAM, (b) 256-QAM & (c) 1024-QAM SNR vs BER plots for M-QAM over Rayleigh channel for MIMO-OFDM system employing different antenna configurations are presented in Figure 6. Here the graphs indicates that in MIMOOFDM system the BER keeps on decreasing due to

bit error rate 10

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

Figure 7(b)

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Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

system employing QOSTBC code structure for 6x6 antenna configuration for different modulation schemes over different environments (channels). 7. CONCLUSION In this paper, an idea about the performance of the MIMO-OFDM systems at higher modulation levels and for different antenna configurations is presented. MIMO-OFDM system can be implemented using higher order modulations to achieve large data capacity. But there is a problem of BER (bit error rate) which increases as the order of the modulation increases. The solution to this problem is to increase the value of the SNR so, that the effect of the distortions introduced by the channel will also goes on decreasing, as a result of this, the BER will also decreases at higher values of the SNR for high order modulations. The motive of using high order antenna configuration (8x8) is to increase the space diversity, which will automatically lower the BER at given SNR as compared to lower order Antenna configuration (1x1, 2x2, 4x4, 6x6). By doing so, higher data capacity at any given SNR can be achieved. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system with 8X8 antenna configuration provides better performance in terms of SNR as compared to the MIMO-OFDM system with 6X6 antenna configuration at a BER of 10-2, these results are shown in the table I. REFERENCE
[1] H. Jiang and P. A. Wilford, "A hierarchical modulation for upgrading digital broadcasting systems," IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 51, pp. 222-229, June 2005. [2] P. W. Wolniansky, G. J. Foschini, G. D. Golden and R. A. Valenzuela, "V-BLAST: an architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich- scattering wireless channel," In Proceeding of International symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, pp. 259-300, October 1998 [3] M. Jiang and L. Hanzo, Multiuser MIMO-OFDM for next generation wireless systems, In Proceedings of IEEE, vol.95, pp.1430-1469, July 2007. [4] C. C. Tu and B. Champagne, Subspace Blind MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation with Short Averaging Periods: Performance Analysis, In Proceeding of IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking, pp. 2429, (Las Vegas, NV) April 2008. [5] A. Tarighat and A. H. Sayed, MIMO OFDM receivers for systems with IQ imbalances, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 35833596, September 2005. [6] P. Rabiei, W. Namgoong and N. Al-Dhahir, Frequency domain joint channel and phase noise estimation in OFDM WLAN systems, In Proceeding of Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 928932, (Pacific Grove, CA)October 2008. [7] A. Tarighat, R. Bagheri and A. H. Sayed, Compensation schemes and performance analysis of IQ imbalances in

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SNR vs BER plot for MIMO-OFDM FOR 1024-QAM in RICIAN channel 1 TX x 2 TX x 4 TX x 6 TX x 8 TX x 1 RX 2 RX 4 RX 6 RX 8 RX

10 bit error rate 10

-1

-2

10

-3

10

20

30

40 50 60 signal to noise ratio

70

80

90

Figure 7 (c) Figure 7 (a)-(c): SNR vs BER plots for M-QAM over Rician channel for MIMO-OFDM system employing different antenna configurations a) 64QAM, (b) 256-QAM & (c) 1024-QAM The performance in the form of SNR vs BER plots for M-QAM over Rician channel for MIMO-OFDM system employing different antenna configurations are presented in Figure 7. The graphs clearly point out the dependency of the MIMO-OFDM system on the no. of Transmitters and Recievers. Here the BER keeps on decreasing due to space diversity as we goes on increasing the no. of Transmitters and Receivers and the proposed system provide better BER performance as compared to the other antenna configurations. Here the BER is less than the M-PSK modulated signal, because of the spacing of the constellation points, but it is higher than the BER for MIMO-OFDM with M-QAM in AWGN channel. TABLE I DIFFERENT MODULATIONS 64-QAM 256-QAM 1024-QAM FOR AWGN CHANNEL 2.7 dB 3.5 dB 3.25dB FOR RAYLEIGH CHANNEL 5 dB 3.8 dB 2.5 dB FOR RICIAN CHANNEL 5 dB 4.7 dB 2.9 dB

Table I: Table showing the improvement in terms of dB, by using the proposed QOSTBC code structure (for 8X8 antenna configuration) for different Modulations and for different Channels. Table I shows the improvement in terms of decibels shown by proposed system employing QOSTBC code structure for 8x8 antenna configuration over the

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BIOGRAPHY Lavish Kansal was born in Bathinda (Punjab). He received his BTech. Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from PTU Jalandhar. He is currently pursuing his ME at Thapar University, Patiala. His research interest includes Digital Siganl Processing, Digital Communicatin and Wireless Comminication. Ankush Kansal received his BTEch. and MTech. Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from PTU, Jalandhar. He is currently pursuing PhD From Thapar University, Patiala in the area of Wireless Communication. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in Thapar University, Patiala. He has published 10 research articles in referred international journals, international conference and national conference. He is a life time member of ISTE. His research interest includes Networking, Wireless Communication and Embedded Systems.

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Canadian Journal on Signal Processing Vol. 2, No. 2, May 2011

Dr. Kulbir Singh was born in Batala (Pb) India. He received his BTech degree in 1997 from PTU, Jalandhar. He obtained his ME and PhD degree from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala in 2000 and 2006 respectively. He worked as lecturer from 2000 to 2007 in Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala. Presently he is working as Assistant Professor in Thapar University, Patiala since July 2006. He has published about 60 research articles in refereed international journals, international conference and national conference. He is life time member of IETE and ISTE. His research interest include Digital Signal Processing, Image Processing, Fractional Fourier Transform and Communication systems.

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