UNIT 9

GRAMMAR
I The Passive.
We form the passive with the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb.
Active Passive
Present Simple e delivers the par!els. The par!els are
delivered
Present "ontin#o#s e is deliverin$ the
par!els.
The par!els are being
delivered.
Past Simple e delivered the par!els. The par!els were
delivered.
Past "ontin#o#s e was deliverin$ the
par!els.
The par!els were being
delivered.
%#t#re Simple e will deliver the
par!els.
The par!els will be
delivered.
Present Perfe!t e has delivered the
par!els.
The par!els have been
delivered.
Past Perfe!t e had delivered the
par!els.
The par!els had been
delivered.
%#t#re Perfe!t e will have delivered
the par!els.
The par!els will have
been delivered.
Present Infinitive e is e&pe!ted to deliver
the par!els.
The par!els are e&pe!ted
to be delivered.
Perfe!t Infinitive e is said to have
delivered the par!els.
The par!els are said to
have been delivered.
Simple 'in$ form I ob(e!t to his deliverin$
the par!els.
I ob(e!t to the par!els
being delivered.
Perfe!t 'in$ form avin$ delivered the
par!els)*
The par!els having
been delivered,
Modals e m#st deliver the
par!els.
The par!els must be
delivered.
Modal perfe!ts e m#st have delivered
the par!els.
The par!els must have
been delivered.
The present perfe!t !ontin#o#s) the f#t#re !ontin#o#s) the past perfe!t !ontin#o#s)
and the f#t#re perfe!t !ontin#o#s are not normall+ #sed in the passive.
We !an #se the verb to get instead of the verb to be in ever+da+ spee!h when we
tal, abo#t thin$s that happen b+ a!!ident or #ne&pe!tedl+.
-
e.g. Four people got hurt in the car crash.
N.. owever) we !annot #se get to des!ribe states.
e.g. That house is (NOT gets) owned by my uncle.
We #se the passive/
a0 When the person who !arries o#t the a!tion is #n,nown) #nimportant or obvio#s
from the !onte&t 1the doer 1a$ent0 of the a!tion is not mentioned0.
e.g. a) My flat was broken into last week. (We do not know who broke into the
flat.)
b) offee beans are grown in !ra"il. (#t$s not important to know who grows the
coffee.)
c) My car was serviced yesterday. (#t is ob%ious that a mechanic ser%iced it.)
b0 When the a!tion itself is more important than the person who !arries it o#t) as in
news headlines) newspaper arti!les) formal noti!es) instr#!tions) advertisements)
pro!esses) et!.
e.g. The new hospital will be opened by the &ueen on May '(
th
. (formal notice)
!0 when we refer to an #npleasant event and we do not want to sa+ who or what is
to blame.
e.g. ) lot of mistakes have been made. (instead of *+ou ha%e made a lot of
mistakes,.)
"han$in$ from a!tive into passive.
2nl+ transitive verbs 1verbs followed b+ an ob(e!t0 !an be !han$ed into the passive.
e.g. -randma knitted my .umper. / My .umper was knitted by -randma.
!0T1 They tra%elled to 2isbon last summer (intransiti%e %erb). / no passive.
Some transitive verbs s#!h as belong, have 13own0) fit 13be the ri$ht si4e or
shape0) lack, resemble, seem, suit) !annot be !han$ed into the passive.
e.g. # ha%e a shower e%ery morning (NOT ) shower is had by me3)
The verb let has no passive form) so we #se a passive form of allow4permit4gi%e
permission.
e.g. The teacher let us lea%e early. / We were allowed to lea%e early.
When the verb of the a!tive senten!e is followed b+ a preposition) the preposition
is ,ept in the passive senten!e as well. We never separate the verb and
preposition1s0 in the passive.
e.g. They took the company over in 566'. / The company was taken over (by
them) in 566'.
The verbs hear) see) ma,e are followed b+ the bare infinitive in the a!tive) b#t b+
the to5infinitive in the passive.
e.g. They saw him lea%e the building. / 7e was seen to leave the building.
6
1. Complete the sentences using words from each group.
b#ild desi$n dire!t dis!over dis!over invent name paint pla+ write
the An!ient 7$+ptians "ri!, and Watson Marie "#rie G#stave
7iffel 7ri! the Red An$elina 8olie A,ira 9#rosawa G#$lielmo
Mar!oni Pi!asso Philip P#llman
- Greenland***********.
6 Northern 2ights ...............................
: The P+ramids...................................
; The wireless.....................................
< -uernica..........................................
= >ara "roft........................................
? The Stat#e of >ibert+.......................
@ The str#!t#re of ANA......................
9 The 8e%en 8amurai..........................
-BRadi#m...........................................
2. Imagine you are in a busy hotel at midday. Make sentences to say what is
being done, using words from the two groups and the present progressive
passive.
Eample!
!eds are being made.
beds bills !offee drin,s food l#$$a$e mone+ new
$#ests reservations rooms tables
brin$ down !han$e !lean la+ ma,e order pa+ prepare
serve ta,e wel!ome
". Imagine that, rich and famous, you return to your old home town after fifty
years. # lot of things are different. Make sentences, using words below and the
present perfect passive.
Eample!
The afe 9oyal has been turned into a casino.
"afe Ro+al ho#seboats new !ar par, new s!hools opera ho#se
old fire station rin$ road station streets town !entre stat#e of +o#
S#per "inema +o#r ho#se
:
b#ild modernise p#t #p in par, reb#ild widen t#rn into !asino C
floatin$ resta#rants C m#se#m C s#permar,et C theatre C pedestrian pre!in!t
$. %ut the verbs into the correct passive form.
- IDve !olle!ted all the do!#ments that 1need0 for the ho#se sale. "an +o# ta,e
them to the law+erDs offi!e 1si$n0E
6 >oo,) this is a se!ret. "ome into the $arden where we 1not C overhear0.
: If +o# hadnDt been so late for wor,) +o# 1not C sa!,0.
; This offi!e is ver+ ineffi!ient. The phone 1never C answer0 promptl+) no proper
re!ords 1,eep0) and) worst of all) no reports 1written0 sin!e I started wor, here.
< I was so worried abo#t m+ $arden while I was in hospital) b#t I have ver+ $ood
nei$hbo#rs. When I $ot home) I !o#ld see that the ve$etables 1water0 ever+ da+
and the $rass 1!#t0 re$#larl+.
= "an +o# !ome to the poli!e stationE The man who 1s#spe!t0 of stealin$ +o#r
wallet 1arrest0 and 1F#estion0 at the moment. The poli!e hope he 1identif+0) either
b+ +o# or another witness.
? We had hoped to see several famo#s paintin$s) b#t the $aller+ 1reor$anised0 at
the time of o#r visit and most of the reall+ val#able wor,s 1move0 for safe
,eepin$.
@. A#nt Ainah 1not li,e0 b+ m+ fatherGs famil+H she 1!onsider0 v#l$ar.
9. After his brotherGs depart#re Pa#l sat for a lon$ time thin,in$ abo#t what
1sa+0.
-B. IIGm not prepared)J m+ father said) Ito listen to +o#r s#$$estions that +o#
never 1treat0 fairl+ at s!hool.J
--. .#t there were si$ns that order 1restore0 in the town.
-6. e went into the bedroom. The bed 1t#rn0 down for the ni$ht b+ the maid
man+ ho#rs before.
-:. Please) find o#t if m+ father 1see0 to leave.
-;. She !o#ld have $one to "ambrid$e if she had wanted) she 1offer0 a
s!holarship.
-<. Ahead of #s the port la+ in a flood of li$hts. Two !ar$o ships 1#nload0.
-=. I felt I 1!at!h0 o#t boastin$.
-?. I !o#ld not tell him that I had spent the mone+ I 1leave0 in order to $et m+self
a ho#se.
-@. She 1operate0 on at seven oG!lo!, ne&t mornin$.
-9. The da+s that followed afterward 1loo,0 ba!, on b+ Philip as a ,ind of
ni$htmare.
6B. Ko# have hardl+ an+ ri$ht to tal, to me abo#t the !hildren. The+ 1see0 to all
ri$ht) and it will be me that sees to them) not +o#.
6-. Somewhere from far awa+ in the town !ame the so#nd of shots. ISomebod+
1,ill0)J I said.
66. The bo+ who p#t a fro$ in the tea!herGs des, 1as,0 to ret#rn the fro$ to the
pool.
;
6:. e wat!hed 8a!, while the film 1r#n0.
6;. I dis!overed that a similar messa$e 1send0 to m+ offi!e.
6<. 2#r $arden was all weeds) b#t the one ne&t door 1loo,0 after to perfe!tion.
&. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence. 'o not use by unless it is important to the meaning.
- The tea!her has mar,ed all the homewor,.
All the homewor,...................................................................................................
6 M+ bo+friend ,ept me waitin$ for half an ho#r.
I...............................................................................................................................
: The st#dents m#st pa+ all their own fees for this !o#rse.
All the fees for this !o#rse......................................................................................
; Ao +o# s#ppose +o#r brother !o#ld have written that emailE
Ao +o# s#ppose that email.................................................................................... E
< The+ #se a !omp#ter to do that (ob nowada+s.
A !omp#ter..............................................................................................................
= A#rin$ the s#mmer) the !afe was emplo+in$ more waiters ever+ wee,.
A#rin$ the s#mmer) more waiters...........................................................................
? Nobod+ informed the poli!e that there had been a mista,e.
The poli!e................................................................................................................
@ Where will +o#r !ompan+ send +o# ne&t +earE
Where will +o#......................................................................................................E
9 The news abo#t the war worried 8osephine.
8osephine ................................................................................................................
-B IDve still $ot the !amera be!a#se no5one has !laimed it.
IDve still $ot the !amera be!a#se it...........................................................................
-- as an+one ever as,ed +o# for +o#r opinionE
ave +o#................................................................................................................ E
-6 The !hildren sho#ldnDt have opened that par!el.
That par!el...............................................................................................................
-:All visitors m#st wear identit+ bad$es.
Identit+ bad$es........................................................................................................
-;Someone m#st have !han$ed the time of the meetin$.
The time of the meetin$...........................................................................................
-<Is an+one #sin$ this !omp#terE
Is this !omp#ter.....................................................................................................E
-= The mana$in$ dire!tor promised me a pa+5rise.
.................*******. ********b+ the mana$in$ dire!tor.
-? The+ sent me the !ontra!t b+ !o#rier the ne&t da+.
The !ontra!t..........................................................................................................
-@ A m#lti5national !ompan+ is ta,in$ over o#r firm.
2#r firm................................................................................................................
-9 Several people noti!ed the man tr+in$ to !limb in the window.
<
***********************.b+ several people.
6B The+ awarded Aavid a medal for braver+.
Aavid....................................................................................................................
6- The+ made S+lvia ta,e the e&am a$ain.
S+lvia....................................................................................................................
66 An elderl+ a#nt $ave Pa#l the paintin$s.
Pa#l.......................................................................................................................
6: The poli!e are $oin$ to loo, into the !ase
********************b+ the poli!e.
6; The+ !onsidered an+ f#rther res!#e attempts pointless.
An+ f#rther...........................................................
6< The+ ele!ted Geor$e president for a se!ond term.
Geor$e*********************
6= Ko# !anDt see the ho#se from the street.
The ho#se.......................................................................
6? DThe+ wonDt !orre!t +o#r papers before %rida+.D
e said o#r papers.........................................................
6@ Someone m#st have ta,en the towels o#t of the dr+er.
The towels*******************..
69 Nobod+Ds $oin$ to steal +o#r boo,s from this room.
Ko#r boo,s******************.
:B People were tellin$ me what to do all the time and I didnDt en(o+ it.
I didnDt en(o+******************.
(. )ewrite each sentence using appreciate, deny, enjoy, like or remember and
the word in capitals.
- Than,s for ta,in$ me to the station. TA97N
6 I was shown aro#nd the s!hool) and I en(o+ed it. .7ING
: I donDt remember when the+ arrested meL .7ING
; e said he li,ed it when people too, him serio#sl+. TA97N
< Tina said she hadnDt been paid to appear in the pla+. AMING
= I donDt remember when the+ $ave me the anaestheti!. .7ING
? Than,s for $ivin$ me another !han!e. GIM7N
*. Complete the tet with epressions from the bo.
had been $iven had been told had never been ta#$ht was $iven
(twice) was offered was promised was sent was shown wasnDt
bein$ paid
IDll never for$et m+ first da+ at that offi!e. I 1-0 to arrive at @.:B) b#t when I $ot
there the whole pla!e seemed to be empt+. I didnDt ,now what to do) be!a#se I
160 no information abo#t the b#ildin$ or where I was $oin$ to wor,) so I (#st
=
waited aro#nd #ntil some of the se!retaries be$an to t#rn #p. %inall+ I 1:0 dirt+
little offi!e on the fifth floor) where I 1;0 a des, in a !orner. Nothin$ happened for
an ho#rH then I 1<0 some letters to t+pe on a !omp#ter b+ one of the senior
se!retaries. This wasnDt ver+ s#!!essf#l) be!a#se I 1=0 how to #se a !omp#ter. 1In
the letter I 1?0 when I 1@0 the (ob) I 190 !omp#ter trainin$) b#t the+Dd obvio#sl+
for$otten abo#t this.0 .+ l#n!htime thin$s hadnDt $ot an+ better) and I de!ided
that I 1-B0 eno#$h to p#t #p with this nonsense) so I wal,ed o#t and didnDt $o
ba!,.
+. Choose one passive verb phrase for each space in these sentences ,from a
report on the use of '-# testing by the police..
is also !alled has also been #sed !an he #sed
is believed have been shown ma+ have been !onvi!ted
was released had been senten!ed wo#ld never have been solved
ANA is the !hemi!al in the !ells of plants and animals whi!h !arries inherited
!hara!teristi!s) or $eneti! information. ANA testin$ 1l0 to identif+ ea!h person as
a #niF#e individ#al on the basis of that $eneti! information. It 160 D$eneti!
fin$erprintin$D. The res#lts of ANA testin$ are now bein$ a!!epted as eviden!e in
!ases where it 1:0 that the wron$ person 1;0 of a !rime. In re!ent +ears) more than
sevent+ people 1<0 to be inno!ent thro#$h ANA testin$. Man+ of those people 1=0
to life in prison. In one !ase) a man 1?0 after nineteen +ears in prison. ANA
testin$ 1@0 in some m#rder !ases that 190 witho#t it.
/. Complete this news report with these verbs in the passive.
block close destroy e:pect flood in.ure knock lea%e report
rescue
Man+ homes on the island of 8amai!a 1l0.........b+ h#rri!ane >ester +esterda+.
Toda+) hi$h winds 160.......................................to brin$ more rain and problems
for the islandDs residents. Some parts of the island 1:0 witho#t ele!tri!it+ last
ni$ht and man+ roads 1;0...................................b+ fallen trees that 1<0***
down d#rin$ the storm. The area aro#nd Savanna5>a5Mar on the so#th !oast 1=0
****and some residents have had 1?0.......***..from the roofs of their
ho#ses. Most b#sinesses and s!hools in 9in$ston 1@0****.toda+ as people
emer$e from their battered homes to s#rve+ the dama$e. More
than -BB people 190.................) b#t no deaths 1-B0...............
10. %ut the verbs into the most suitable passive tense.
)lana has .ust met her boyfriend -rant at a cafe.
A>ANA iL Sorr+ IDm late.
?
GRANT/ What ,ept +o#E
A>ANA/ I !ame on the b#s and it 1l0 1sti!,0 in a traffi! (am for fort+ min#tes.
GRANT/ Wh+ didnDt +o# (#st wal, a!ross the par, as #s#alE
A>ANA/ .e!a#se the par, 160 1!lose0 sin!e last wee,end.
GRANT/ Wh+Ds thatE
A>ANA/ A film 1:0 1shoot0 there.
GRANT/ Ao +o# ,now who it 1;0 1dire!t0 b+E
A>ANA/ No) b#t I thin, >eonardo Ai"aprio is in it. Someone told me he
1<0 1see0 at the Ro+al otel at the wee,end.
GRANT/ Reall+E
A>ANA/ Keah. e 1=0 1fl+0 here in a private plane b+ the film !ompan+.
GRANT/ Well) if itDs tr#e) weDre not $oin$ to the dis!o at the Ro+al this %rida+.
A>ANA/ Wh+ notE
GRANT/ If heDs there) the hotel 1?0 1s#rro#nd0 b+ fans and se!#rit+ $#ards.
A>ANA/ .#t we mi$ht meet him if we $o.
GRANT/ AonDt be sill+. e wonDt be at the dis!o. And we !ertainl+ 1@0 1not
invite0 to his room.
A>ANA/ I s#ppose not. .#t we !an $o to the par, $ate now and see whatDs
happenin$. Perhaps we 190 1as,0 to a!t in a !rowd s!ene. I heard that some lo!al
people 1-B0 1emplo+0 as e&tras +esterda+) b#t I was too b#s+ to $o.
GRANT/ 29) if +o# want to. .#t I donDt thin, we (! 1allow0 an+where near
the filmin$.
11. Complete the tet with a suitable passive form of the verb in brackets.
A.
The A!adem+ Awards Presentation 1-0 1firstCor$anise0 in -969 and sin!e
then) it 160 1hold0 ever+ +ear. The presentation 1:0 1attend0 b+ those at the top of
the film ind#str+ and 1;0 1wat!h0 on TM b+ millions of viewers who want to see
who 1<0 1present0 with the $olden stat#e whi!h 1=0 1desire0 b+ ever+one in the
motion pi!t#re world.
The votin$ for the A!adem+ Awards 1?0 1!ond#!t0 se!retl+ and the res#lts
1@0 1notCreveal0 to an+one #ntil the envelope 190 1open0 on sta$e in front of the
a#dien!e. Awards 1-B0 1$ive0 for the best individ#al and !olle!tive wor, and 1--0
1separate0 into different !ate$ories. Up to five nominations 1-60 1ma,e0 in ea!h
!ate$or+. The awards) whi!h 1-:0 1,now0 as 2s!ars) 1-;0 1!onsider0 to be the
hi$hest hono#r an+one in the film ind#str+ !an 1-<0 1$ive0.
".
#angari $aathai
Wan$ari Maathai 1-0 1award0 the Nobel Pea!e Pri4e in 6BB;. She 160
1praise0 b+ the Nobel !ommittee as Da so#r!e of inspiration for ever+one in Afri!a
fi$htin$ for s#stainable development) demo!ra!+ and pea!eD. When she started her
Green .elt movement in -9??) 9en+a was s#fferin$ from deforestation and
desertifi!ation. Tho#sands of trees 1:0 1!#t down0 and man+ families 1;0 1leave0
@
in povert+ as a res#lt. Sin!e then) her s#!!essf#l !ampai$n to mobili4e women to
plant some :B million trees 1<0 1!op+0 b+ other !o#ntries. A#rin$ that time the
movement 1=0 1transform0 into a !ampai$n on ed#!ation) n#trition and other
iss#es. er !ampai$n has not alwa+s been pop#lar. Mrs Maathai 1?0 1arrest0
several times for !ampai$nin$ a$ainst deforestation in Afri!a) and on!e she 1@0
1beat0 #n!ons!io#s b+ heav+ handed poli!e. .#t in ele!tions in 6BB6) she 190
1ele!t0 as an MP as part of an opposition !oalition whi!h swept to power) and she
1-B0 1appoint0 as a dep#t+ environment minister in 6BB:.
%.
"locked drains shut gallery link
A m#lti5million po#nd #nder$ro#nd t#nnel !onne!tin$ two of
7dinb#r$hDs art $alleries 1-0 1!lose0 for two wee,s so that blo!,ed drains whi!h
have do$$ed the b#ildin$ from the o#tset !an be fi&ed. The repair wor, 160
1estimate0 to !ost aro#nd N-BB)BBB b#t it is #n!lear who will foot the bill. Ma(or
losses 1:0 1e&pe!t0 at the m#se#m and at the $aller+ resta#rant) whi!h
1;0 1ho#se0 in the lin, and 1<0 1for!e0 to sh#t whilst the wor, 1=0 1!arr+
o#t0. The head of b#ildin$s said it was li,el+ that the fa#lt had o!!#rred while the
t#nnel 1?0 1!onstr#!t0 DIt probabl+ happened while it 1@0 1b#ild0 be!a#se we have
had blo!,a$e problems sin!e it opened. We 190 1tell0 it will !ost aro#nd
N-BB)BBB 5 who will pa+ for it will be the iss#e.D A spo,eswoman for the
National Galleries said/ D7ver+thin$ 1-B0 1do0 to ens#re minimal disr#ption to
visitors. Man+ of the ed#!ational wor,shops and events 1--0 1a!!ommodate0
elsewhere in the $alleries. The National Galler+ of S!otland and the Ro+al
S!ottish A!adem+ .#ildin$ 1-60 1not affe!t0 b+ the wor,) and will open as
normal thro#$ho#t.D The wor, to the fa#lt+ draina$e s+stem at the Weston >in,)
whi!h 1-:0 1onl+ !omplete0 in A#$#st 6BB;) will ta,e ei$ht wee,s from mid5
%ebr#ar+ #ntil the start of Mar!h.
12. %ut the verbs in brackets into the correct passive or active tense.
A.
"offee 1-0 1sa+0 to ori$inate from 9affa in 7thiopia and most spe!ies of
!offee plant 160 1find0 in the tropi!s of the 7astern emisphere. The spe!ies
whi!h 1:0 1thin,0 to be the earliest !offee plant 1;0 1everC!#ltivated0 b+ man is
"offea arabi!a. Toda+ it 1<0 1$row0 mostl+ in >atin Ameri!a.
The !offee shr#b 1=0 1rea!h0 a hei$ht of @ ' -B metres and 1?0 1have0 white
s!ented flowers. It 1@0 1prod#!e0 a red fr#it whi!h 190 1!all0 a !herr+. The !herr+
1-B0 1!ontain0 two seeds whi!h 1--0 1(oin0 to$ether. These seeds) whi!h 1-60
1alsoC,now0 as beans) 1-:0 1firstCroast0 and then the+ 1-;0 1$rind0 to ma,e !offee.
The $ro#nds 1-<0 1thenCpro!ess0 in a variet+ of different wa+s. Sometimes the+
1-=0 1filter0 and sometimes the+ 1-?0 1soa,0 in water to ma,e the drin, whi!h is
pop#lar with so man+ people. "offee is available as $ro#nds or as instant !offee
powder and 1-@0 1drin,0 b+ one third of the worldGs pop#lation.
".
9
Slowl+ b#t s#rel+ the !oastline of .ritain 1-0 1wear awa+0 b+ an advan!in$
sea. The !o#ntr+ whi!h on!e Dr#led the wavesD now 160 1r#le0 b+ them) with h#$e
for!es threatenin$ to destro+ vast areas of h#man and wildlife habitat. Alread+
some of .ritainDs last wild) nat#ral areas 1:0 1disappear0) and e&perts 1;0 1fear0
that this is (#st the be$innin$. It 1<0 1estimate0 that there will be a :@5<< !m rise
in avera$e sea levels b+ the +ear 6-BB. A!!ordin$ to the Aepartment of the
7nvironment) d#rin$ the ne&t <B +ears at least -B)BBB he!tares of farmland 1=0
1t#rn into0 m#d flats and salt marshes b+ the in!reases in sea levels. Rather than
tr+in$ to prevent the erosion) the present $overnment 1?0 1#se0 a method of
Dmana$ed retreatD b+ !reatin$ new defen!es f#rther inland and allowin$ low5l+in$
!oastal farm land 1@0 1abandon0 to the sea. owever) man+ of the !o#ntr+Ds ma(or
!ities !o#ld also 190 1affe!t0. >ondon) .ristol and "ardiff all 1-B0 1e&pe!t0 severe
floodin$ as o#r sea defen!es 1--0 1destro+0 b+ the risin$ tides.
%.
&ocal cheeses
Traditional !heeses 1-0 1prod#!e0 in man+ re$ions of the U9 and 160
1name0 after the area in whi!h the+ 1:0 1first develop0 "heddar) a hard !heese
with a stron$) n#tt+ taste) is the most pop#lar and 1;0 1now ma,e0 all over the
world. A Dtr#eD "heddar m#st !ome from the !o#nties of Somerset) Aorset or
Aevon in so#thwest 7n$land or spe!ifi!all+ from the Somerset villa$e from
whi!h it 1<0 1ta,e0 its name. Wensle+dale 1=0 1!ome0 from the Kor,shire Aales
1valle+s0 in northern 7n$land. 2ri$inall+ made from sheepDs mil,) it 1?0 1base0 on
a re!ipe introd#!ed b+ the "ister!ian mon,s in the --th !ent#r+ and has a mild
refreshin$ flavo#r. Traditional >an!ashire) from northwest 7n$land) has a li$ht)
salt+ flavo#r. A#rin$ the Ind#strial Revol#tion 1aro#nd -?=B5-@:B0) >an!ashire
!heese 1@0 1be!ome0 the staple food of the mill wor,ers. "aerphill+) a !r#mbl+
!heese) 190 1first prod#!e0 in the Welsh town of that name in abo#t -@:-. The
!heese 1-B0 1soa,0 overni$ht in salt water to seal in the moist#re. It was pop#lar
with the lo!al !oalminers who 1--0 1lose0 a lot of salt d#rin$ their wor,
#nder$ro#nd. .l#e Stilton) made onl+ in the !o#nties of >ei!estershire)
Nottin$hamshire and Aerb+shire) 1-60 1pri4e0 as the D,in$D of .ritish !heeses.
'" earsa+ reports des!ribe what people say, report, believe, think, consider,
know) et!.) and are often #sed in news reportin$. The+ are introd#!ed b+ a
passive form of the report verb) either in present simple or past simple form with
a to5infinitive. The report !an refer to the present or past) or a time before the
time of reportin$. Aifferent forms of the infinitive are #sed to show the relation
of the report to the report verb/
e.$. The patient is said to be as well as can be e:pected. (That$s what people say
now about the present situation).
The robbers are thought to have stolen more than ;< million. (That$s what
people say now about the past situation).
-B
2ast week the =rime Minister was said to be undecided (That$s what people said
in the past about the situation then).
Mr 8mith was believed to have taken the car by mistake (That$s what people
said then about something that had happened earlier).
1". )ewrite each sentence so that it begins with the words underlined.
- People sa+ that the !ompan+Ds 7#ropean division is havin$ a $ood +ear.
6 In !ontrast) the+ sa+ that the %ar 7ast division has been s#fferin$ from risin$
!osts.
: People believe that the !ompan+ has been tal,in$ to a !ompetitor abo#t a
possible mer$er.
; People ,now some dire!tors have been thin,in$ on these lines for some time.
< People believe the "72. "arl Graham) is ma,in$ an attempt to fo!#s the
b#siness more sharpl+ in some areas.
= People sa+ he is also loo,in$ at the possibilit+ of (ob !#ts.
? People thin, the !ompan+ is holdin$ a top5level meetin$ abo#t these matters
ne&t wee,.
1$. Complete the sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
A0
- It is said that ho#se pri!es are too hi$h.
o#se pri!es. ...........................................................................................................
6 It is tho#$ht that the hospital is short of mone+.
The hospital..................................................................................................)..........
: It was alle$ed that the athlete had !heated.
The athlete...............................................................................................................
; It is reported that the prime minister is resi$nin$.
The prime minister...................................................................................................
< It is e&pe!ted that the new sports stadi#m will be finished soon.
The new sports stadi#m...........................................................................................
= It is $enerall+ !onsidered that si&teen is too +o#n$ to $et married.
Si&teen......................................................................................................................
? It was tho#$ht that the boo, had been destro+ed.
The boo,..................................................................................................................
@ It is believed that the !hildren had been hidin$ for two wee,s.
The !hildren.............................................................................................................
.0
- 2a, Island in "anada is one of man+ pla!es in the world whi!h people thin, is
the site of b#ried treas#re.
2a, Island in "anada is one of man+ pla!es in the world whi!h **.........
6 People sa+ that the treas#re is in a pla!e !alled Dthe mone+ pitD.
--
The treas#re ******************
: People thin, that pirates b#ried the treas#re !ent#ries a$o.
Pirates *********************
; The mone+ pit stor+ dates ba!, to -?9<) when people report that a lo!al +o#th
fell into a hole at the foot of a lar$e tree.
The mone+ pit stor+ dates ba!, to -?9<) when a lo!al +o#th******
< People believe that he and a friend dis!overed tra!es of treas#re in the hole.
e and a friend ****************.
= People sa+ that the two men fo#nd a treas#re !hest in later e&!avations.
The two men *****************.
? owever) before the+ !o#ld open the !hest) people sa+ that water flooded in.
owever) before the+ !o#ld open the !hest) water *********..
@ Sin!e then) people believe that more than a do4en $ro#ps of treas#re h#nters
have sear!hed for the treas#re.
Sin!e then) more than a do4en $ro#ps of treas#re h#nters *******..
9 People thin, that some e&plorers fo#nd old pie!es of metal in the hole.
Some e&plorers ***************.
-B owever) people now report that the pit is a nat#ral phenomenon) or the
remains of old !olonial fortifi!ations.
owever) the pit is now************.
1&. )ewrite each sentence so that it is a hearsay report, using a form of the
verb in capitals.
- Two s#spe!ts have been arrested. TIN9
6 The plane !rashed into the sea near a small island. .7>I7M7
: The minister is !onsiderin$ !han$in$ the laws on smo,in$ in p#bli!. SAK
; Kesterda+ the sit#ation had improved. R7P2RT
< Whales have been seen in the area for the first time. SAK
= The fire bro,e o#t at : am. .7>I7M7
? >ast +ear the !ompan+ re!orded risin$ profits. R7P2RT
'" Merbs s#!h as gi%e> hand> lend> offer> send> throw> ask> teach) et!. ta,e two
ob(e!ts and have two !orrespondin$ passives/
e.$. )lice ga%e us that %ase. O -0 1e were given that %ase (by )lice). 60 2hat
vase was given (to) us (by )lice).
The verbs announce> demonstrate> describe> dictate> e:plain> introduce> mention>
point out> propose> repeat> report> suggest also ta,e two ob(e!ts 1dire!t 1referrin$
to a thin$0 and prepositional 1with the preposition ItoJ0 1referrin$ to a person00.
These verbs have onl+ one passive form.
e.$. 7e e:plained the problem to me. / 2he problem was eplained to me (NOT
-6
# was e:plained the problem).
1(. Make one corresponding passive sentence or two, if possible. 3ook carefully
at the tense in the sentences given.
- Someone handed me a note.
6 Someone offered her a se!ond5hand bi!+!le
: Someone has proposed improvements to the developers.
; Someone s#$$ested some interestin$ !han$es to me.
< Someone awarded him a pri4e.
= Someone will anno#n!e the PresidentDs arrival to the waitin$ (o#rnalists.
? Someone had mentioned the password to the thieves.
@ Someone has lent me some s,is.
9 Someone is sendin$ him threatenin$ letters.
-B Someone is $oin$ to e&plain the !han$es to the st#dents.
--. e e&plained to me that almost ever+thin$ the !hildren were ta#$ht at s!hool
was #nne!essar+.
-6. I mentioned the fa!t to m+ friends.
-:. The law+er e&plained the new law to #s.
-;. People e&pe!t +o# to meet the boss.
-<. A $#ide pointed o#t the P+ramids to #s.
-=. The+ $ave his little da#$hter a present.
-?. At l#n!h somebod+ mentioned to me that the 8ohnsons had !ome from
abroad.
-@. Somebod+ reported the a!!ident to the poli!e.
-9. The+ promised the wor,ers hi$her wa$es.
6B. Someone pointed o#t to #s that the !amp was deserted.
6-. Then someone s#$$ested that we drop the dis!#ssion and tal, abo#t
somethin$ else.
66. The+ will show the visitors all the new pi!t#res.
6:. It was not eas+ to see what to do abo#t 8a!,) and someone proposed that he
sho#ld !ome and sta+ with #s.
6;. The+ e&plained to #s that the men in those da+s had almost no !han!e of
prote!tin$ themselves a$ainst s#!h monsters.
6<. The+ $ave me two shillin$s !han$e at the shop.
1*. Choose an appropriate form of one of these verbs to complete the sentences
and write a corresponding passive sentence starting with the word,s. given. 4se
each verb once only.
appoint brin$ de!lare demonstrate help introd#!e see
tell
- People........*...obb+ to his feet after the a!!ident.
-:
.obb+************..
6 Ton+.......................me to Mrs 8ennin$s at his birthda+ part+.
I ********.........................................................
: as an+one....................."hris this mornin$E
as "hris...........................***********E
; The Romans ma+...................rabbits to .ritain as a so#r!e of food.
Rabbits********************
< People......................the stor+ of %ather "hristmas to +o#n$ !hildren to e&plain
the presents the+ re!eive.
The stor+ of %ather "hristmas************.
= The+.......................Martin 8ohnson team !aptain for the whole of the World
"#p.
Martin 8ohnson*****************
? I am !ertain that Sarah..................**her s#itabilit+ as !ompan+ dire!tor to
those who still have an+ do#bt.
I am !ertain that SarahGs s#itabilit+ as !ompan+ dire!tor********
@ The+.......................Alan Watson winner of the ele!tion after a re!o#nt.
Alan Watson****************
'". When we need to mention the a$ent of the a!tion) we #se the preposition by to
sa+ who or what !arries o#t the a!tion. We #se with 5
instrument6material6ingredient to sa+ what the a$ent #sed to perform the a!tion.
e.g. The pancakes were made by lair. They were made with eggs> flour and milk.
1+. 7ill in by or with.
-. She was wo,en #p * a lo#d noise.
6. 2#r newspaper is delivered * a bo+ ever+ mornin$.
:. The par!el was tied #p * strin$.
;. 8ohn was told off * his mother.
<. This pi!t#re was painted *a famo#s artist.
=. The !hair was !overed * a woolen blan,et.
?. The walls were de!orated * posters.
@. M+ !ar was repaired * m+ father.
9. This dessert was made * fresh !ream.
-B. A lea,+ fa#!et !an be repaired * a wren!h.
--. Preparations are bein$ made * event or$ani4ers.
-6. Si$nals to the do$ !an be $iven * a whistle.
-:. If the do$ does as it is as,ed) it !an be rewarded * a treat.
-;. When IGm awa+) m+ plants are watered * m+ nei$hbor.
-<. ot water is provided * the hotel 6; ho#rs a da+.
-;
II. (o vs. (uch. As vs. &ike. 1St#d+ the $rammar referen!e in >an$#a$e
S#mmar+ 9) p. -:;0.
1. Complete the sentences with so or such.
-. She is ))))))f#nn+L She alwa+s ma,es me la#$h.
6. Sarah and 7d are ))))))) !ra4+ peopleL I never ,now what the+ are $oin$ to do
ne&t.
:. 8ames has ))))))) m#!h mone+ that he !o#ld a!t#all+ b#+ that %errari.
;. Altho#$h most of the a#dien!e had never been e&posed to ))))))) m#si!) the+
thoro#$hl+ en(o+ed the performan!e of the Tibetan fol, !hoir.
<. The movie was ))))))) $ood that I saw it five times.
=. Terr+ spea,s 7n$lish ))))))) fl#entl+ that I tho#$ht he was Ameri!an.
?. Most st#dents never dis!#ss )))))))) topi!s in !lass) b#t I thin, it is important
to tea!h o#r !hildren to F#estion the media.
@. 8err+ had never seen ))))))) hi$h mo#ntains. e tho#$ht the+ were
spe!ta!#lar.
9. %red is ))))))) a !lownL e is alwa+s tellin$ (o,es and ma,in$ people la#$h.
-B. There was )))))))) little interest in his tal, on ma!roe!onomi!s that the room
was half empt+ b+ the time he stopped spea,in$.
--. ow !o#ld +o# sa+ ))))))) horrible thin$s to meE
-6. e is )))))))) a (er,L e hasnDt said one ni!e thin$ sin!e he started wor,in$
here.
-:. That new son$ is )))))))) !ool that it hit the top ten within a wee, of bein$
released.
-;. Martha is ))))))))) a $ood !oo, that she is writin$ her own boo, of famil+
re!ipes.
-<. I donDt ,now if that is )))))))) a $ood idea. Ma+be we sho#ld tr+ somethin$
else.
-=. She has ))))))))) man+ hats that she needs two !losets to store them all.
-?. That ta,es ))))))))) little time and effort that +o# mi$ht as well do it
+o#rself.
-@. I had to pa+ P-;B for boo,s for m+ new Spanish !lass. I donDt ,now wh+ m+
professor has to !hoose ))))))))) e&pensive boo,s for her !o#rse.
-9. Please) donDt drive )))))))) fastL IDm terrified weDre $oin$ to have an a!!ident.
6B. I reall+ wish +o# wo#ldnDt smo,e )))))))) m#!hL ItDs destro+in$ +o#r health.
2. Choose the correct answer.
-. The+ had QQQ a bad ni$ht that the+ !o#ldnDt sleep.
a. so
b. s#!h
-<
6. She $ave him QQQ $ood advi!e that he was ver+ $ratef#l to her.
a. so
b. s#!h
:. IDm havin$ QQQ a wonderf#l time in .elem that I donDt want to $o home.
a. so
b. s#!h
;. The da+ was QQQ hot that ever+bod+ went to the bea!h.
a. so
b. s#!h
<. It was QQQ !old weather that nobod+ !o#ld $o o#tside.
a. so
b. s#!h
=. There are QQQ $ood (obs in %ortale4a that people are loo,in$ for (obs in
other states.
a. so man+
b. so few
!. so little
d. so m#!h
e. s#!h
?. The hotel has QQQ !omfortable room that I donDt want to $o o#t.
a. so m#!h
b. so a
!. s#!h a
d. s#!h
@. It was QQQ dar, that I !o#ldnDt see his fa!e.
a. so
b. s#!h
!. s#!h a
d. so a
9. That resta#rant has QQQ deli!io#s food that +o# !anDt stop eatin$.
a. so
b.s#!h
-B. The+ were QQQ talented sin$ers that the !on!ert was a hit.
a. so
b. so few
!. so little
d. s#!h
e. s#!h a
--. e is QQQ st#dent that he is $oin$ to win a s!holarship
a. so
b. so $ood
!. so $ood a
d. s#!h
e. s#!h $ood
-=
-6. We had QQQ horrible da+ that we felt depressed.
a. so
b. so a
!. s#!h
d. s#!h a
-:. The earthF#a,e !a#sed QQQ dama$e that most people lost their homes.
a. so
b. so m#!h
!. so man+
d. so few
-;. The novel is QQQ e&!itin$ that I !anDt p#t it down.
a. so
b. so a
!. s#!h
d. s#!h a
-<. We had QQQ lon$ and tirin$ da+ that we (#st wanted to $o home.
a. so
b. so a
!. s#!h
d. s#!h a
-=. Most TM pro$rams are QQQ borin$ that nobod+ wat!hes them.
a. so
b. so m#!h
!. so man+
d. s#!h
e. s#!h a
-?. She has QQQ ni!e voi!e that she sho#ld tr+ to be!ome a professional
sin$er.
a. so
b. so m#!h
!. so little
d. s#!h
e. s#!h a
-@. The part+ was QQQ or$ani4ed that ever+bod+ had a $reat time.
a. so well
b. so $ood
!. s#!h an
d. s#!h
-9. It was QQQ fast !ar that nobod+ !o#ld !at!h it.
a. so
b. s#!h
!. so a
d. s#!h a
-?
6B. This F#i4 was QQQ eas+ that I donDt need to !he!, m+ answers.
a. s#!h
b. so
!. s#!h m#!h
d. so m#!h
". Complete the sentences with as or like.
-. She sin$s QQQQQQ an an$el.
6. IDm m#!h better QQQQQQ +o# !an see.
:. M+ sister is not at all QQQQQQ me.
;. M+ da#$hter is (#st QQQQQQ m+ sister.
<. IDm attendin$ the meetin$ QQQQQQ an observer
=. I #se one of the bedrooms QQQQQQ an offi!e.
?. Ko# are ver+ QQQQQQ +o#r mother.
@. I hope to F#alif+ QQQQQQ an en$ineer.
9. M+ friend Rob loo,s QQQQQQ 8ohn Travolta.
-B. There is too m#!h traffi! in >ondon QQQQQQ in New Kor,.
--. WeDre late for the train. WeDll have to r#n QQQQQQ the wind.
-6. IDm +o#r friend and) QQQQQQ a friend) I advise +o# to thin, a$ain.
-:. I donDt ,now +o# as well as he does b#t) QQQQQQ +o#r friend) I advise +o#
to thin, a$ain.
-;. Ko# donDt li,e !onfrontations) QQQQQQ me.
-<. I want to (oin the air for!e QQQQQQ a pilot.
-=. We need a stron$ leader QQQQQQ Winston "h#r!hill.
-?. e has $one to o#r !ompetitors QQQQQQ mar,etin$ mana$er.
-@. IDve appointed Simon Williams QQQQQQ the new tr#stee.
-9. IDve done the wor, QQQQQQ we a$reed.
6B. I was s#re) QQQQQQ was ever+bod+ else) that +o# wo#ld do well in this (ob.
6-. Wh+ !anDt e!onomists see the dama$e that le$islation QQQQQQQ this one has
done in the past de!ade.
66. Ta&es on !apital are QQQQQQQQQ ta&es on (ob.
6:. The !ommon !#stoms tariff) to$ether with prote!tive meas#res QQQQQQQ
the anti5d#mpin$ re$#lations) are still not s#ffi!ient to solve all the #nionDs
problems.
6;. There are onl+ a few e&!eptions) notabl+ QQQQQQQQ re$ard the !ommon
a$ri!#lt#ral poli!+.
6<. The res#lts obtained have been des!ribed QQQQQQQQQ satisfa!tor+.
6=. The+ !hose Aelhi QQQQQQQQ the host !it+ for the !onferen!e on mass
prod#!tion in ind#strialised !o#ntries.
6?. e made it !lear that he didnDt want to end #p in a !ompan+ QQQQQQQQ the
one whi!h he visited last wee,.
6@. The+ seem #nable to rea!t to !han$es at world level in the same wa+
QQQQQQQQQ their !ompetitors.
-@
69. The b#siness st#dents tal,ed abo#t the >omR !onvention) whi!h man+
re$arded QQQQQQQQ a model of development !ooperation.
:B. ...and QQQQQQQQ a !onseF#en!e) their raw material is of s#bstandard
F#alit+.
:-. I thin, that what he reall+ meant was the shares loo,ed QQQQQQQa
promisin$ lon$ term $amble.
:6. The whole thin$ loo,s QQQQQQQ!ommon sense to meL
::. The flow of forei$n e&!han$e is re$arded nowada+s QQQQQQQQQ the
prin!ipal fa!tor infl#en!in$ development.
:;. It is res#lts QQQQQQQQQ that whi!h are ver+ en!o#ra$in$ espe!iall+ when
+o#Dve wor,ed hard.
:<. "o#ntries QQQQQQQQthe ones we visited have been havin$ e!onomi!
problems latel+.
:=. e said that the threat of insolven!+ was QQQQQQQQa senten!e of
immediate han$in$ ...
-9
So) whereDs the "annes %ilm %estival
bein$ held this +earE
%hristina Aguilera
M2"A. S SP7A9ING 1-0
1. a. 8tudy the following words and idioms and use them in your own sentences.
A*level (or A*list!
#s#all+ refers to top5tier a!torsCa!tresses who are paid #pwards of P6B million per
feat#re filmH !an also refer to prod#!ers) dire!tors and writers who !an be
$#aranteed to have a film made and released
"*+ilm 1or "*movie) "*picture0 1!f. A*pictures0
an off5beat) low5b#d$et) se!ond5tier film) #s#all+ from an independent prod#!er)
shot F#i!,l+ with little5,nown) se!ond rate a!tors. .5films are often !hara!teri4ed
b+ sensational and !at!h+ titles) !amp+ a!tin$) !hees+ spe!ial effe!ts) and
$rat#ito#s violen!e and se&#alit+
behind the scenes
witho#t re!eivin$ !redit or fameH o#t of p#bli! view. 1Referrin$ ori$inall+ to those
who wor,ed on a theatri!al pie!e b#t do not appear on the sta$e.0
building a scene
#sin$ dramati! devi!es s#!h as in!reased tempo) vol#me) and emphasis to brin$ a
s!ene to a !lima&
cast against type (c+. typecast!
an a!tor pla+in$ a role distin!tl+ different from roles previo#sl+ pla+ed
cli++hanger
a film !hara!teri4ed b+ s!enes of $reat tension) dan$er) advent#re) s#spense) or
hi$h drama) often !lima&in$ at the end of a film) or at the end of a m#lti5part serial
episode) where the plot endin$ and the fate of the prota$onist1s0 are left #nresolved
deadpan humour
a spe!ifi! t+pe of !omedi! devi!e in whi!h the performer ass#mes an
e&pressionless 1deadpan0 F#alit+ to herChis fa!e demonstratin$ absol#tel+ no
emotion or feelin$.
disney+ication or disney+ied (derog.!
refers to the ma,in$ of an adapted) saniti4ed) Dfamil+5friendl+D version of a boo, or
pla+) b+ removin$ ob(e!tionable elements 1s#!h as !r#de lan$#a$e) se&#alit+) or
violen!e0 and modif+in$ plot elements to ma,e the tale more a!!eptable)
entertainin$) predi!table and pop#lar for mass !ons#mption b+ a#dien!es) as first
e&er!ised b+ the Aisne+ st#dios in the <Bs
,+eel good- +ilm
#s#all+ a li$ht5hearted) #pbeat !omed+ or roman!e that ends with an a#dien!e5
pleasin$ !on!l#sionH sometimes #sed dero$ativel+
+lash in the pan
transitor+) impermanent s#!!ess or re!o$nitionH Tfifteen min#tes of fameG.
6B
ham something up
%i$. to ma,e a performan!e seem sill+ b+ showin$ off or e&a$$eratin$ oneDs part.
1A show5off a!tor is ,nown as a ham.0
hoot (boo! someone o++ the stage
Ufor an a#dien!eV to boo and hiss #ntil a performer leaves the sta$e.
in a stage whisper
%i$. in a lo#d whisper that ever+one !an hear.
scene*stealer
An a!tor who draws attention from or overshadows other a!tors in the same
prod#!tion) as b+ !harm or F#alit+ of performan!e.
spoo+
#s#all+ a !omedi! film that pa+s trib#te to an earlier film in a h#moro#s wa+H
parod+ 1e.$. a spoof horror film0
stage +right
nervo#sness or pani! that ma+ beset a person abo#t to appear in front of an
a#dien!e
take the stage
%i$. to be!ome the !enter of attentionH to be!ome the fo!#s of ever+oneDs attention.
tearjerkers
films pop#lar with women) b#t also #sed in a dero$ator+ sense to mar$inali4e films
with heav+) sapp+ emotion and n#mero#s female !hara!ters) a,a Tchick +licks.
walk on stage and o++ again
%i$. to pla+ a ver+ small role where one $oes on sta$e and F#i!,l+ leaves a$ain.
whodunit
a m+ster+Cdete!tive film
b. 7ill the gaps with the suitable words and epressions from the list above.
-. The dar, Ai!,ens novel Oli%er Twist was * as a li$ht m#si!al Oli%er?
6. #mphre+ .o$art) as $ood5$#+ Ri!, .laine) was an e&ample of*. .o$art had
pla+ed $an$ster fi$#res in do4ens in films before asablanca 1-9;60
:. Geor$e >#!as and Steven Spielber$ are * dire!tors.
;. Imelda Sta#nton is a as Aolores Umbrid$e) pla+in$ the !allo#s tea!her to
perfe!tion.
<. The ma(or or lead !hara!ter in a * is a !rime5solvin$ dete!tive) s#!h as in the
Sherlo!, olmes series of films.
=. The ne&t is WN2Ds prod#!tion of Madam !utterfly with Ameri!an tenor
R#ssell Thomas as Pin,erton) 8#dith owarth as the heartbro,en "io5"io5San and
"laire .radshaw as S#4#,i.
?. As far as I !an tell) the ph+si!al s+mptoms of * are !a#sed b+ the release of
adrenaline.
@. The a!tor was s#pposed to fall over and die) b#t he * too m#!h and $ot fired
instead.
6-
/. 0escribing +ilms
1ould you go and see a film which was described in any of the following ways9
1hy 6 why not9
Am#sin$ 7&pli!it h+ped5#p predi!table
Art5ho#se Gor+ Movin$ Sopp+
!onvol#ted Grippin$ off5the5wall Tense
dist#rbin$ harrowin$ over5the5top Upliftin$
Choose four of the ad:ectives to describe films or 2; programmes you<ve seen.
-ow complete these sentences about films with the words in the bo.
!onvol#ted h+ped5#p S!ene
"ross let5down Sopp+
Genre Movin$
Gor+ prepostero#s
-. M+ $irlfriend fo#nd it F#ite *****..5 she was in tears b+ the end 5
b#t I (#st tho#$ht it was ****.. sentimental r#bbishL
6. ItDs a horror film) b#t itDs not that****.It wor,s on more of a
ps+!holo$i!al level. ThereDs this one *****.where this woman
emer$es from a TM s!reen that s!ared me to deathL
:. ItDs a film that defies****) b#t at a p#sh) I $#ess IDd des!ribe it as a
***** between an art5ho#se film and a !omed+L
;. ItDd been so.......*.. b+ ever+one that I fo#nd it a bit disappointin$) to be
honest 5 a bit of a****..
<. I thin, at best +o# !o#ld sa+ the plot was a bit****.5 and at worst it was
(#st totall+******L I didnDt believe an+ of it m+selfL
". )ender the following review into English using at least 20 active words and
epressions both from the #ctive ;ocabulary list and the eercises above. 7eel
free to add your own comments.
1, 234567 58467 93:; (-<4=>=:-!
WXYZ[\5]XYZ^ Y ZX_`a Yb`c`ZZ^a Wd`a\b ef\`g^Z hX]i\Xc bZjkl mncl\ ^
og`pgXbZ^a ocXZ`k` qXZ]^gX) ZXb`c`ZZ^a gXhi\Z[\n bir`bkYX\n)
dnYirn\n Y o^cZ^a sXg\^Znn b ^pgidXtrn\ nu \ng^\. e bY^`\i Z`bvXbklt
ocXZ`kX ^pXhXcXbl w^sXkX vg`hY[vXaZ^ g`]pn\ \nZ`gXc^\) ognYc`p_n\
YZn\XZn` w`h\`gZ^ dX]Z[u p^go^gXxna b y`\cn. z bo^p^abkYn` qXZ]^g[
w[c^ ZXgi_`Z^. WXYZ[\5]XYZ^ ef\`g^Zi Z` i]Xc^bl g`Xcnh^YXkl bY^a
hX\[b`c) Z[Z` d` `s^ bkXgXZnj\n ZX fpgXZ[ Yb`s^ \ngX Y[u^]nk {|YXkXg{ 5
66
mncl\ p^k^g[a) w`h Ybjp^s^ b^\Z`Znj) Y^a]`k Y nbk^gnt \ng^Y^s^
pnZ`\Xk^sgXmX.
}gXhi gXbbkXYn\ Yb` k^vpn ZX {n{. {|YXkXg{ 5 fk^ civ_`` nh k^s^) vk^
Y[u^]nc^ ZX fpgXZ[ b^ Yg`\`Z {~cXbk`cnZX p^c`x{) n Y^k o^v`\i. Xb_kXw
o^bkXZ^Ypn n k`uZnv`bp^` b^Y`g_`ZbkY^ Yn]`^gj]X ]`abkYnk`clZ^ o^gXdXtk.
~ pXgknZ` Z`k bo`xfmm`pk^Y Y ognY[vZ^\ ]cj b^Yg`\`ZZ[u hgnk`c`a
o^Zn\XZnn. ~`bl mncl\ 5 fk^ ^]nZ w^cl_^a bo`xfmm`pk.
{|YXkXg{ Y`cnp Z` k^clp^ k`uZnv`bpn. ncl\ ]`\^Zbkgngi`k Z`Yn]XZZit
]^b`c` ]`kXcnhXxnt. zhY`bkZXj Yb`\ ]^k^_Z^bkl ef\`g^ZX Y fk^\ bcivX`
]^bknsX`k bY^`s^ Xo^s`j. qg^]i\XZ^ wipYXclZ^ Yb`. k ]nhXaZX n) vk^ bX\^`
scXYZ^`) ognZxnonXclZ^s^ ibkg^abkYX k`uZnpn) p^k^git nbo^clhitk ct]n)
]^ ^k]`clZ[u fc`\`Zk^Y mc^g[ n mXiZ[ qXZ]^g[. nkXZnv`bpn` ibncnj
g`dnbb`gX kgi]Z^ o`g`^x`Znkl.
^) w`hibc^YZ^) bX\^` scXYZ^` 5 fk^ hXY^gXdnYXtrXj pgXb^kX Yn]`^gj]X.
q`g`cnYXtrnabj Y k`\Z^k` Yb`\n xY`kX\n gX]isn dnY^kZ[a n gXbknk`clZ[a
\ng[ qXZ]^g[) o^\Z^d`ZZ[` ZX Z`Y`g^jkZit sciwnZi n v`kp^bkl pXgknZpn)
Z` ^bkXYjk ]Xd` bX\[u ogn]ngvnY[u hgnk`c`a gXYZ^]i_Z[\n. ~b`
nZ^ocXZ`kZ[` wn^bm`g[) p^k^g[` w[cn og`]bkXYc`Z[ gXZ`` Y bX\[u civ_nu
mXZkXbknv`bpnu mncl\Xu) jYcjtkbj cn_l dXcpn\ o^]^wn`\ fk^s^
Y`cnp^c`onj.
k^ pXbX`kbj btd`kZ^a cnZnn) k^ ^ZX Y`bl\X Z`hX\[bc^YXkX n ZXo^\nZX`k ^
\Z^d`bkY` u^g^_nu s^ccnYi]bpnu o^bkXZ^Y^p. Xnw^c`` wcnhpna XZXc^s 5
fk^) p^Z`vZ^ d`) {qXpXu^ZkXb{) u^kj Yg`\`ZX\n ]`abkYn` w^cl_` b\`rX`kbj Y
bk^g^Zi {XZx`Y b Y^cpX\n{. ]ZXp^ og^bk^kX ^bZ^YZ^a n]`n Znvikl Z`
bpXh[YX`kbj ZX ^wr`\ Y^bognjknn pXgknZ[. {|YXkXg{ ognZX]c`dnk p k^\i
g`]p^\i knoi mncl\^Y) p^k^g[` Y o^cZ^a \`g` ^ogXY][YXtk uXgXpk`gnbknpi
^ccnYi]X pXp {mXwgnpn sg`h{.
Wd`a\bi ef\`g^Zi i]Xc^bl b^h]Xkl Z^Yit bpXhpi) p^k^gXj Z` k^clp^ ^pXd`k
^sg^\Z^` YcnjZn` ZX gXhYnkn` Yb`s^ pnZ`\Xk^sgXmX) Z^ n ZX ]YX b cn_Zn\
vXbX Y[gY`k hgnk`c`a nh ^w[]`ZZ^a) Y ^bZ^YZ^\ b`g^a) g`XclZ^bkn) gXbpg[Y
o`g`] Zn\n i]nYnk`clZ[a \ng sXg\^Znn n pgXb^k[.
$. -ow write a review of a film that you particularly like ,or dislike. using as
many active words as you can.
R7AAING S SP7A9ING
1. 7ind the key words in the article and write them into the sentences below.
-. a verb whi!h des!ribes how well a film did QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para
-0
6:
6. a verb whi!h des!ribes how badl+ a film did QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
1para -0
:. A film QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ is an intelle!t#al propert+ involvin$ the
!hara!ters) settin$ and trademar,s of an ori$inal wor, of fi!tion) s#!h as a film
or a series of boo,s) e.$. 7arry =otter) @ames !ond. 1para -0
;. two ine&a!t methods of meas#rin$ thin$s based on e&perien!e and feelin$
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para 60
<. When somebod+ is QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ the+ are involved in a
pro(e!t. 1para :0
=. to earn a parti!#lar amo#nt of mone+ before ta&es or !osts have been ta,en o#t
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para :0
?. to fail finan!iall+ and lose all +o#r mone+ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para
;0
@. a film witho#t a seF#el or an on$oin$ stor+line QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
1para =0
9. Somethin$ that ma,es a lar$e amo#nt of mone+ is
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ. 1para ?0
-B. the pro!ess of be!omin$ s#!!essf#l or pop#lar a$ain
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para 90
--. a fo#r5word phrase meanin$ a good reputation based on what has happened
before QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para 90
-6. a phrase meanin$ to make someone %ery angry QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
1para --0
-:. a new blended word made #p of two ,nown words to des!ribe the #nwanted
$rowth in the n#mber of seF#els QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 1para --0
The +ormula +or a hit +ilm se?uel
=atie #llen
7ver wondered wh+ 8piderAMan 5 tri#mphed and !asic #nstinct 5 bombedE Now a $ro#p of a!ademi!s have
!ome #p with a form#la to predi!t the fort#nes of a film seF#el.
oll+wood has lon$ ,nown a follow5#p is a fairl+ safe bet and fran!hises
from =irates of the aribbean to 8tar Wars have dominated !inema s!hed#les for +ears. .#t) #ntil now)
de!isions abo#t what to invest in a film seF#el or how m#!h to pa+ for the ri$hts to a fran!hise have been
based on some simple r#les of th#mb and $#t feelin$.
.ased on fa!tors s#!h as whether ,e+ stars are still on board) how lon$ it has
been sin!e the last film and how that performed) the resear!hers now sa+ the+
!an !al!#late what prod#!ers !an e&pe!t to $ross relative to a film in the same
$enre that is not a seF#el.
IIt is the ind#str+ of dreams) an ind#str+ of ill#sions) and lots of people $o
b#st. The idea here is to p#t some more anal+ti!al thin,in$ into the pro!ess)J
sa+s Professor Thorsten enni$5Th#ra#) of "ass .#siness S!hool in >ondon.
6;
With follow5#p films en(o+in$ widespread bo& offi!e s#!!ess and stron$
AMA sales) finan!ial investors and film !ompanies !ompete a$$ressivel+ to
a!F#ire seF#el ri$hts. The Teenage Mutant Nin.a Turtles fran!hise was re!entl+ sold for P=B
million 1N:= million0. II want this ind#str+ to re!o$ni4e that it is not as different to other se!tors as it thin,s it
is. What we are tal,in$ abo#t here is brand e&tension)J sa+s enni$5Th#ra#.
The resear!h) whi!h will be p#blished in the @ournal of Marketing this month) e&amined
data from all -B- movie seF#els released in North Ameri!an !inemas between -99@ and 6BB= and a sample
of stand5alone films with similar !hara!teristi!s. A!!ordin$ to the form#la) #p!omin$ seF#el The Twilight
8aga1 New Moon sho#ld be e&pe!ted to ret#rn P:; million more for the prod#!ers in its US r#n than a
!omparable vampireC teen roman!e movie with the same !hara!teristi!s that is not a seF#el.
IMovies li,e the Twilight seF#el New Moon are hi$hl+ l#!rative and relativel+ safe bets if ,e+
parameters) s#!h as ori$inal !ast) are maintained)J e&plains enni$5Th#ra#. Star !ontin#it+ is where !asic
#nstinct 5 went wron$ ' no Mi!hael Ao#$las. IThe time differen!e between the two films was ver+) ver+ lon$
and a!tor !ontin#it+ was halved in that +o# onl+ had 1a m#!h older0 Sharon Stone.J
2n the whole) however) seF#els do well and often o#tperform the ori$inal.
That is espe!iall+ tr#e now st#dios are presentin$ films as a fran!hise with a
narrative woven thro#$ho#t several instalments. IWe are not reall+ tal,in$
abo#t seF#els an+ more. We are tal,in$ abo#t films that are !on!eived of as
lon$er pla+s than one film. Ko# are sa+in$ to the a#dien!e/ TThis is a stor+)
+o# have $ot to sti!, with itG)J sa+s Aavid an!o!,) head of film and !inema
at media resear!h !ompan+ S!reen Ai$est. Underlinin$ that a#dien!e lo+alt+)
an!o!, notes that in the US last +ear) (#st ;.6 of releases were fran!hise
films b#t the+ a!!o#nted for 6B.= of bo& offi!e ta,in$s.
The revival of the 8tar Trek fran!hise this s#mmer saw 88 AbramsGs new film $ross N6- million in U9
!inemas) whi!h is more than do#ble the ret#rn of an+ of the previo#s -B 8tar Trek feat#re films. IThere is
!learl+ a p#bli! appetite for new stories ta,in$ favo#rite !hara!ters on new advent#res and from an ind#str+
point of view) there is less ris, in investin$ in the prod#!tion and release of a film whi!h has a proven tra!,
re!ord)J sa+s Mar, .ate+) !hief e&e!#tive of the %ilm Aistrib#torsG Asso!iation.
%or film prod#!ers fi$htin$ poor AMA sales) seF#els brin$ an added benefit.
enni$5Th#ra#Gs resear!h showed that AMA sales of the ori$inal movie often
pea, when a seF#el hits the !inema s!reens. 2n!e that seF#el is o#t on AMA it
also has a $ood !han!e of stron$ sales.
AMA !harts and !inema ran,in$s !ontainin$ seF#els s#!h as 8hrek the Third)
Transformers 5 and #ce )ge < have) of !o#rse) in!ited the wrath of film !riti!s worried abo#t a la!, of
!reativit+. "inema5$oers have also !omplained of IseF#elitisJ. S#!h !riti!ism ma+ have been (#stified in the
da+s when ma,in$ a seF#el was a relativel+ la4+ pro!ess b#t seF#els are now prod#!ed in a more tho#$htf#l
manner.
The %ilm Aistrib#torsG Asso!iation is ,een to ar$#e that seF#el mania does
still leave room for ori$inal stories. 8lumdog Millionaire is one of the top films of 6BB9 while
The Full Monty remains one of the most s#!!essf#l .ritish films ever released. IWith <BB films released in
U9 !inemas ea!h +ear) the blo!,b#ster seF#els tend to do well b#t thereGs plent+ of other !hoi!e for film fans
d#rin$ the +ear)J sa+s .ate+.
G#ardian News S Media 6BB9
%irst p#blished in The Obser%er) B@C--CB9
2. 1rite answers to these >uestions based on the information in the article.
6<
1. What F#alities does a film seF#el need to ma,e it s#!!essE
2. What attra!ts the p#bli! 1movie5$oers0 to wat!h seF#elsE
3. What effe!t do seF#els have on AMA salesE
4. What did the resear!hers !ompare in order to !ome to their !on!l#sionsE
5. ow is the film ind#str+ des!ribedE
6. Is this the end for ori$inal stories and stand5alone filmsE
". 7ind words and phrases from the article that relate to ?film@ and ?finance@ and
write them in two columns. 1rite words that relate to both sub:ects in the third
column. )etell the article using all these words.
$. 'iscussion.
a. 'o you like to watch se>uels9 1hy 6 1hy not9
b. #re there any standAalone films that do not have a se>uel but that you would
like to have a se>uel9
&. Comment on the following famous >uotes about films!
All +o# need for a movie is a $#n and a $irl.
@eanA2uc -odard
"#riosit+ doesnDt matter an+ more. These da+s people donDt want to be transported
to emotional territories where the+ donDt ,now how to rea!t.
7ector !abenko
I $#ess I thin, that films have to be made totall+ b+ fas!ists 55 thereDs no room for
demo!ra!+ in ma,in$ film.
Bon )lan =ennebaker
Pi!t#res are for entertainment) messa$es sho#ld be delivered b+ Western Union.
8amuel -oldwyn
The movies toda+ are too ri!h to have an+ room for $en#ine artists. The+ prod#!e a
few passable !raftsmen) b#t no artists. "an +o# ima$ine a .eethoven ma,in$ P-BB)
BBB a +earE
7. 2. Mencken ('CC6A'D(E)
ThereDs onl+ one thin$ that !an ,ill the movies) and thatDs ed#!ation.
Will 9ogers
I pit+ the %ren!h "inema be!a#se it has no mone+. I pit+ the Ameri!an "inema
be!a#se it has no ideas.
6=
@eanA2uc -odard
I !ame o#t here with one s#it and ever+bod+ said I loo,ed li,e a b#m. Twent+
+ears later Marlon .rando !ame o#t with onl+ a sweatshirt and the town drooled
over him. That shows how m#!h oll+wood has pro$ressed.
7umphrey !ogart
A $ood film is when the pri!e of the dinner) the theatre admission and the babysitter
were worth it.
)lfred 7itchcock
7ver+ $reat film sho#ld seem new ever+ time +o# see it.
9oger Fbert
7ver+ sin$le art form is involved in film) in a wa+.
8ydney =ollack
If m+ films donDt show a profit) I ,now IDm doin$ somethin$ ri$ht.
Woody )llen
An a!torDs a $#+ who) if +o# ainDt tal,in$ abo#t him) ainDt listenin$
Marlon !rando
M2"A. S SP7A9ING 1II0
@eeping your options open.
1. Match the five sentence starters to the endings.
-. IDve va$#el+ arran$ed
6. I was va$#el+ thin,in$
:. I sho#ld reall+ tr+ to
;. IDm to+in$ with the idea of
<. IDm s#pposed
a. of $oin$ to the !inema toni$ht.
b. ma+be $oin$ i!e5s,atin$ tomorrow.
b to be $oin$ o#t with some people from wor, later.
d. to $o o#t somewhere with .en toni$ht.
e. $o to the $+m toda+) I s#ppose.
1e often follow sentences like those above with an etra comment. %ut the
6?
words in order to make five common followAup comments.
=. s#$$estions C to C IDm C b#t C open
?. loo,in$ C it C o#t C IDm C for C to C b#t C $et C e&!#se C of C an
@. do CI C s#ppose C with C an+one C donDt C fan!ies C me) C the+ C !omin$E
9. !onfirmed C +et C havenDt C we C b#t C an+thin$ C $ot C definite
-B. the C if C the C wo#ldnDt C be C world C didnDt C it C b#t C end C of C I
8pend three minutes thinking of your plans for the rest of today 6 tomorrow 6 this
weekend. Make sure you use at least two of the sentence starters from #ctivity 1
when you report your plans A even if you need to lieB 2hen have conversations
with some other students like this!
A/ So whatDre +o# #p to toni$htE
./ IDm not reall+ s#re. I sho#ld probabl+ tr+ to do a bit of st#d+in$) I s#ppose ...
b#t it wo#ldnDt be the end of the world if I didnDt) tho#$hL Wh+E WhatDve +o# $ot
onE
A/ Well) I was va$#el+ thin,in$ of ma+be $oin$ bowlin$. I donDt s#ppose +o#
fan!+ !omin$ with me) do +o#E
./ 2h) +eah. IDd love to. Where were +o# thin,in$ of $oin$E
Continue each conversation until you have sorted out where and when to meet.
2. Complete the dialogue with C-E word in each space.
A/ So whatDre +o# #p 1-0 ... toni$htE
./ Well) IDm s#pposed to be 160 ... o#t with some people 1:0 ... wor,. The+Dre $oin$
to some te!hno !l#b) b#t IDm not reall+ in the 1;0 ... ) to be honest. IDm loo,in$ for
an e&!#se to $et 1<0 ... of it. WhatDve +o# $ot on thenE
A/ Well) I was 1=0 ... with the idea of $oin$ to the theatre. ThereDs this pla+ on
!alled "+pr#s) whi!h I read a review 1?0 ... 5 it so#nds prett+ $ood. I donDt s#ppose
+o# 1@0 ... $oin$E
./ Ma+be. WhatDs it abo#tE
A/ The se!ret servi!e and the 190 ... itDs !orr#pted b+ politi!ians.
./ It so#nds a bit heav+ 1-B0 ... m+ li,in$.
A/ Apparentl+) it 1--0 ... have its f#nn+ moments and itDs s#pposed to be ver+
$rippin$. Ko# s#re I !anDt pers#ade +o#E
./ Ma+be. IDm not #s#all+ 1-60 ... that ,ind of thin$) b#t it mi$ht ma,e a !han$e.
WhereDs it 1-:0 ... E
A/ The Whitehall Theatre) b#t I !o#ld $ive +o# a 1-;0 ... ) if +o# li,e. IDm drivin$
there.
./ 2h) $o on then. Ko#Dve twisted m+ 1-<0 ... .What timeE
A/ Will +o# be ba!, from wor, b+ si&E
./ ItDs p#shin$ it a bit. "anDt we 1-=0 ... it laterE
A/ We !o#ld. .#t I havenDt $ot the ti!,ets) so I wanted to $et there a bit earlier to
6@
be on the 1-?0 ... side.
./ Keah. 29. >isten) itDs fine. IDll (#st have to ma,e s#re I leave on the 1-@0 ... of
<.:B.
69
T7ST K2URS7>%.
1. Drammar. Choose the correct answer.
- We were told to p#t it where it was #s#all+QQQQQ.
a belon$ed b fit b had d stored
6 It wasnDt the first time the+ had beenQQQQQQQhow it wor,ed.
a ta#$ht b reported b e&plained d des!ribed
: ANA testsQQQQQQQQQQQQa!!epted in !o#rt !ases.
a are ,nown b were #sed b have been d will have
; Somethin$QQQQQQQQQQQQhappened or the+ wo#ld be here b+ now.
a m#st b m#st be b m#st have d m#st have been
< ThereQQQQQQQQQQQQQto be serio#s flaws in the desi$n.
a !laimed b reported b were said d were told
=. IGve never owned QQQQQQQ independent !at as this one.
a a more than b s#!h an ! a so d as m#!h an
?. Sam was QQQQQ la4+ that he lost his (ob.
a so b s#!h ! a so d s#!h a
@. There was QQQQQ m#!h noise that we !o#ldnGt hear the spee!h.
a s#!h b so ! too d as
9. QQQQQQQQ I said at the be$innin$ of m+ presentation) sales have been ver+ $ood.
owever) the sit#ation has not been QQQQQQQQ last +ear.
a asCas b li,eCli,e ! asCli,e d li,eCas
-B. Some sports QQQQQQQQQ motor ra!in$ !an be dan$ero#s.
a li,e b as ! so as d as if
2. ;ocab. 8uggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following
definitions!
-. translation of a forei$n5lan$#a$e film whi!h appears at the bottom of the
s!reen
6. re!ord a new so#ndtra!, for a film or tape 1often in a different lan$#a$e0
:. one who performs a se!ondar+ role in a film
;. a so!ial and e!onomi! order that is based on the s+stemati! !reation and
fosterin$ of a desire to p#r!hase $oods or servi!es in ever $reater amo#nts.
<. store whi!h sells almost ever+ t+pe of prod#!t
=. test $iven to a performer 1m#si!ian) a!tor) et!.0 to determine the level of his
abilities
?. ver+ f#nn+) am#sin$
@. a happenin$ that o!!#rs onl+ on!e and is not repeated
9. help or s#pport) espe!iall+ with mone+
-B. 1phr.v.0 to ed#!ate and !are for a !hild #ntil $rown5#p.
--.1phr.v.0 to s#ffer somethin$ anno+in$ or #npleasant witho#t !omplainin$
-6.1phr.v.0 to dis!o#ra$e someone from somethin$
-:.1phr.v.0 to be$in a #s#all+ lon$ or diffi!#lt !o#rse of a!tion with a !lear
p#rpose
:B
-;.1phr.v.0 to establish or arran$e 1an or$ani4ation) b#siness) plan) et!.0
-<.1phr.v.0 to !ome o#t or $ather for a meetin$) p#bli! event) et!.
A"TIM7 M2"A.U>ARK
p. ?B
1>earn the words and phrases in M9.- p. -::0) a plot) nominate for an awardC an
2s!ar) be awarded 1an 2s!ar0
p. ?-
be $ood at) be rewarded) $et p#bli!it+) hold a !eremon+) postpone) an assassination
attempt 1on smb0) ,eep smth se!ret) 1m+sterio#sl+0 vanish) in re!o$nition of smth)
ori$in) !onfirm) a metal allo+) $old5plated) wei$h) !ompete with) bi$5b#d$et films
p. ?6
1>earn the ad(e!tives in M9.6 p-::0
p. ?:
$or$eo#s) !lassi! films) an e&tra) wal, o#t) realit+ TM pro$rammes) a sad endin$)
$et to sleep
p. ?<
a mi&ed rea!tion to) !ons#merism) 1learn the words in M9.: p-::0) a department
store) p#t on 1an e&hibition0) throw smb o#t) handle emotions) #na!!eptable) feel
no $#ilt) span 1-<0 +ears) offer smb !o#nselin$) be eroded 1b+ the ever+da+
!on!erns of life0) remains of smth) $ive smb finan!ial ba!,in$ for) have a !han$e
of heart) end #p doin$ smth) po#r in) point o#t) 1a0 one5off
p. ??
a drama s!hool) an a#dition) perform a spee!h) shop assistant
R9.6
AonGt $et #s started.) Ko# !an sa+ that a$ain.) Whatever ma,es +o# thin, thatE
R9.:
Get time off wor,) be piled on top of one another) a load of r#bbish) Sa+ no moreL)
rave reviews
R9.;
Give smth a tr+) feel #p to doin$ smth) $ive smth a miss) $o o#t for a meal) IGm
eas+.) ItGs #p to +o#.) !ome to thin, of it) ma,e #p oneGs mind) ItGs all the same to
me.) be better off doin$ smth) ItGs po#rin$ with rain.) on se!ond tho#$hts
Mo!ab#lar+ Pl#s/ phrases with set> turn> put and bring.
Set o#t to) brin$ #p) p#t awa+) set #p) brin$ aro#nd) brin$ ba!,) p#t down) p#t #p
with) p#t off) t#rn o#t.

:-