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Integration Techniques Guide

This document provides an overview of common methods for integrating functions, including: using standard integrals, u-substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions, trigonometric substitutions, and the t-method. It lists various types of integrals and the appropriate integration technique for each type. It also includes a short joke about functions integrating at a party.

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157 views2 pages

Integration Techniques Guide

This document provides an overview of common methods for integrating functions, including: using standard integrals, u-substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions, trigonometric substitutions, and the t-method. It lists various types of integrals and the appropriate integration technique for each type. It also includes a short joke about functions integrating at a party.

Uploaded by

yddap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of Integration How to find

( )
f x dx
(
(
(
]
.

1. Is it a standard integral? Not just an official standard integral.

2. Is one part of the integrand the derivative of the other part?
If so, use the u substitution (or Lookers Theorem).

e.g. sin
7
xcos x

dx;
sin
1
x
( )
3
1 x
2

dx ; x
3
e
x
4

dx



3. Is the integral of the form
f x ( )
f x ( )

dx?

4. Is it a product where one term of the product is NOT the derivative of the other part?
If so, use integration by parts.

e.g. xe
x

dx ; x
2
sin x

dx; x
7
ln x

dx

(i) Integration by parts is also used for integrals of the form
e.g. ln x

dx; tan
1
x

dx ; cos ln x ( )

dx
Introduce
d
dx
x ( )
.

(ii) Integration by parts can be used for some powers of trigonometric functions
e.g. sec
3
x

dx; sin
n
x

dx.

5. To integrate rational functions, use partial fractions
e.g.
dx
x 1 ( ) x + 2 ( )

;
dx
x 1 ( ) x
2
+ 4
( )

.

6. If the integral is of the form
(i)
px + q ( )dx
ax
2
+ bx + c



(a) If ax
2
+bx +c factorises, use partial fractions.
(b) Otherwise, split the integral.
Complete the square and use one of the appropriate standard forms
2 2
dx
x a
(
(
]
,
2 2
dx
a x
(
(
]
,
( )
( )
f x
dx
f x
'
(
(
]
.
(ii)
px + q ( ) dx
ax
2
+ bx + c



Split the integral. Complete the square and use one of the appropriate standard forms
dx
x
2
a
2

,
dx
a
2
x
2

,
f x ( )
f x ( )

dx.


How do I
start?
1
3
sin
1
x
x
dx
e

(
(
]
+

7. If the expression is NOT any of the previous types and contains:

(i) x
2
+ a
2
, try substituting x = atan .
(ii) a
2
x
2
, try substituting x = asin .
(iii) x
2
a
2
, try substituting x = asec .

e.g.
dx
x
2
+ a
2
( )
3
2

,
dx
x
2
x
2
a
2

, a
2
x
2

dx

8. If the integral is of the form

dx
a + bcos x

,
dx
a + bsin x

,
sin 2 cos 2
dx
a x b x +
(
(
]
,
dx
a + bcos
2
x



substitute using the t-method.













There's a big calculus party, and all the functions are invited.
ln x is talking to some trig functions, when he sees his friend e
x
sulking in a corner.
ln x: "What's wrong e
x
?"
e
x
: "I'm so lonely!"
ln x: "Well, you should go integrate yourself into the crowd!"
e
x
looks up and cries, "It won't make a difference!"

Im integrating
well into my hols!

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