JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
1.1 Understanding Physics
1
Mechanical Energy
PHYSICS
Study of the natural phenomena and the
properties of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Mechanical Energy
Heat Energy
Light Energy
Wave Energy
Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
hemical Energy
!elationship
"ith
matter
#roperties of
Energy
!elationship
"ith
energy
#roperties of
Matter
forms states
Matter Energy
Mechanics
#roperties
of matter
Heat
Light
Wave
in the fields of
Electricity $
Electromagnetism
%tomic #hysics
$ Nuclear
Electronics
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
1.2 PHYSICA !UANTITIES
"ase #$antity
1 % physical quantity is &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
' E%a&'(es )* scienti*ic instruments (&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
) % +ase #$antity is a physical quantity "hich cannot *e defined in terms of other physical
quantities.
+ Study the follo"ing picture and list the physical quantities that can *e measured.
, List of , *asic physical quantities and their units.
-ase quantity Sym*ol S... /nit Sym*ol for S... /nit
Length
Mass
0ime
urrent
0emperature
1 0"o quantities that have also identified as *asic quantity. 0here are (
i2 &&&&&&&&&&..unit &&&&.. ii2 &&&&&&&&&. unit
&&&&&..
0he list of physical quantities (
1. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
'. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
). &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
+. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
,. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
1. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
3. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
4. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
any !uantity that can "e measured "y a scienti#ic instrument$
stop%atch& metre rule "alance&thermometer&ammeter
etc$
'eight&
mass&
si(e&
age&
temperature&
current
Po%er&
Thermal energy
l meter m
m )ilogram )g
t second s
I *mppere *
T +el,in +
-ight intensity candela *mount o# su"stance mol
'
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Standard ,)r&
1 Standard form 5 % 6 17
n
8 1 9 % 9 17 and n 5 integer
' Standard form is used to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...
) Some physical quantities have e6tremely small magnitudes. Write the follo"ing
quantities in standard form (
a. !adius of the earth 5 1 )37 777 m 5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
*. Mass of an electron 5 7.777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 :11 ;g 5&&&...
c. Si<e of a particle 5 7.777 7) m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
*. =iameter of an atom 5 7.777 777 73' m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...
c. Wavelength of light 5 7.777 777 ,, m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
Pre*i%es
1. #refi6es are usually used to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...
'. .t "ill *e "ritten &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
). 0he list of prefi6es (
Tera (T)
Giga (G)
Mega (M)
kilo (k)
mili (m)
micro ()
nano (n)
pico (p)
10
12
10
9
10
6
10
3
10
0
10
-3
10
-6
10
-9
10
-12
Hekto (ha)
Deka (da)
desi (d)
centi (s)
10
2
10
1
10
-1
10
-2
Eg (
1 0m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
).1 m% 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
Ho" to change the unit >
Eg (
1. Mega to nano
'. 0era to micro
). pi;o to Mega
simpli#y the e.pression o# ,ery large and small num"ers
/$01 . 12
/
m
1$/10 . 12
341
)g
0$2 . 12
34
m
1$4 . 12
35
m
6$6 . 12
31
represent a large physical !uantity or e.tremely small !uantity in 7$I
units$
"e#ore the unit as a multiplying #actor$
1 . 12
14
m
0$/ . 12
30
*
1$00 M* 8 1$00 . 12
/
*
8 1$00 . 12
/393:;
n*
8 1$00 . 12
316
n*
1$40 Tm to unit m unit
1$40 Tm 8 1$40 . 12
14
m
8 1$40 . 12
14 < 93/;
m
8 1$40 . 12
15
m
646/ p* to M* unit
646/ p* 8 6$46/ . 12
0 = 9314;
p*
8 6$46/ . 12
3:
p*
8 6$46/ . 12
3: <9/;
M*
8 6$46/ . 12
316
M*
)
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
+. Some physical quantities have e6tremely large magnitudes. 0hese e6tremely large and
small values can *e "ritten in standard *)r& or using standard 're*i%es. Write the
quantities in standard prefi6es(
a. ?requency of radio "ave 5 :1 777 777 H< 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
*. =iameter of the earth 5 1' 477 777 m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c. =istance *et"een the moon and the earth 5 )4) 777 777 m 5 &&&&&&&&&
d. Mass of the earth 5 1 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 ;g 5 &&&&&&&&&
Deri-ed #$antities
1 % derived quantity is &&.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
' =etermine the derived unit for the follo"ing derived quantities
Deri-ed
#$antity
,)r&$(a Deri-ed $nit
Na&e )*
deri-ed $nit
area area 5 length 6 "idth m 6 m 5 m
'
@
volume volume 5 length 6 "idth 6 height m 6 m 6 m 5 m
)
@
density
,olume
mass
ensity d =
)
)
m ;g
m
;g
= @
velocity
time
nt displaceme
elocity , =
1
s m
s
m
= @
momentum momentum 5 mass 6 velocity ;g m s
A1
@
%cceleration
time
,elocity in change
on accelerati =
'
1 1 A
1
s m
s s m
s
s m
=
=
@
?orce force 5 mass 6 acceleration ;g m s
A'
Ne"ton BN2
pressure
area
#orce
pressure =
"eight "eight 5 mass 6 gravitational acceleration
"or; "or; 5 force 6 displacement
po"er
time
%or)
po%er =
;inetic energy
4
,elocity mass +$> =
'
1
potential
energy
#.E 5 mass 6 gravitational acceleration 6 height )g m
4
s
34
Joule 9J;
)g m s
34
? m
4
)g m
31
s
34
9Nm
34
;
)g ms
34
Ne%ton 9N;
N m Joule 9J;
J s
31
@att 9@;
)g m
4
s
34
Joule 9J;
:$1 . 12
1
M'(
14$5 Mm 8 1$45 . 12
1
Mm
050 Mm 8 0$50 . 12
4
Mm
/$2 . 12
14
Tm
a physical !uantity %hich com"ines se,eral "asic !uantities
through multiplication& di,ision or "oth
+
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Deri-ed
#$antity
,)r&$(a Deri-ed $nit
Na&e )*
deri-ed $nit
charge charge 5 current 6 time
*mpere second
9*s;
Coulom" 9C;
voltage
charge
"or;
voltage =
J C
31
Aolt 9,;
resistance
current
,oltage
resistance =
, *
31
Bhm 9C;
Note that the physical quantities such as "idth8 thic;ness8 height8 distance8 displacement8
perimeter8 radius and diameter are equivalent to length.
1.. SCAAR AND /ECTOR !UANTITIES
1 Scalar quantities are &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
E6amples ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
' Cector quantities are&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...
E6amples ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
) Study the follo"ing description of events carefully and then decide "hich events require
magnitude8 direction or *oth to specify them.
=escription of events Magnitude =irection
1. 0he temperature in the room is ',
7
'. 0he location of %yer Hitam is 17 ;m to the northA
"est of Dohor -ahru
). 0he po"er of the electric *ul* is 47 W
+. % car is travelling at 47 ;m hA1 from Dohor -ahru
to Euala Lumpur
1.0 1EASURE1ENTS
Using A''r)'riate Instr$&ents t) 1eas$re
1 0here are various types of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
' We must ;no" ho" to choose the appropriate instrument to &&&&&&&&&&&..
) E6amples of instrument and its measuring a*ility.
Measuring instrument !ange o" meas#rement $mallest scale di%ision
Measuring tape
Duantity %hich has only magnitude or si(e
Mass& -ength& 7peed& ,olume
Duantity %hich has magnitude or si(e and direction$
Aelocity& Force& Eisplacement& *cceleration
F
F F
F
F F
measuring instrument %ith di##erent measuring capa"ilities$
measure a particular !uantity$
Gp to a #e% meters 2$1 cm
1 m 2$1 cm 92$21 m;
12 cm 2$21 cm
less than 4 cm 942 mm; 2$221 cm 92$21 mm;
is use to measure electric current
,
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Meter rule
Cernier caliper
Micrometer scre" gauge
+ Sample of measuring instruments (
0.1 A&&eter ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
+.' 1eas$ring cy(inder ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&....................
+.) R$(er ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&rong right &rong
10 11 12 13 1' 1( !eading ) ****** cm
+.+ Cernier calliper
% venier calliper is used to measure (
a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&*. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
c. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
% vernier calliper gives readings to an accuracy of &&&&&&&&&&&&&...&. cm.
pointer mirror
pointer mirror
#ointerFs image is *ehind the pointer
incorret reading correct
reading
1 2 3
0 '
1 2 3
0 '
#ointerFs image can *e seen
!ight position of eye Beye are in a line perpendicular to the plane of
the scale2
"rong position of eye
"rong position of eye
water
cm 0 1 2 3 '
S2AA
UTA1A
3
4 13
inside +a&s
,ernier scale
o#tside +a&s
Main scale
is use to determine the ,olume o# li!uid$
is use to determine the length
14$5312$084$6
small o"Hect depth o# a hole
e.ternal diameter o# a cylinder or pipe internal diameter o# a pipe or tu"e
2$1 cm
1
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Length of vernier scale 5 &&& cm
Cernier scale is divided into 17 divisions
Length of the divisions 5 &&&. cm
0he diagram *elo" sho"s a vernier calliper "ith reading.
Cernier calliper reading 5 &&&&&. cm
+., Micrometer scre" gauge.
% micrometer scre" gauge is used to measure (
a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
*. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
c. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
E6ample (
7 ,
17
7
1
0 1
0 ( 10
Main scale in cm
,ernier scale
0 1 2 3 ' ( 6 - . 9 10
0 1 cm
Main scale ) *******
,ernier scale ) *******
/inal reading ) *******
/ind the di%ision o"
%ernier scale &hich is
coincides &ith an0 part o"
the main scale
Gne complete turn of the thim*le
B,7 division2 moves the spindle *y
7.,7 mm.
=ivision of thim*le
5 &&&&&&&..
5 &&&&&&&..
% accuracy of micrometer
scre" gauge 5 &&&&&..
Sleeve scale ( &&&&&
0him*le scale ( &&&&.
0otal reading ( &&&&..
Sleeve scale ( &&&&&
0him*le scale ( &&&&.
0otal reading ( &&&&...
0he differenct *et"een the main scale and vernier scale
is 5 &&&&&&&&&&&. cm
2$16
o"Hects that are small in si(e
diameter o# a %ire
diameter o# small spheres such as "all "earings
2$6 I 62
2$21 mm 4$6 mm
2$21 mm 2$14 mm
4$/4 mm
2$:
2$2:
2$21 cm
2$4 cm
2$2/ cm
2$4/ cm
4$2 mm
2$44 mm
4$44 mm
3
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
+.1 Some others measuring instruments (
&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&& &&&..
&&&&&&&&&. &&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&
HandsAon activity 1.1 on page 1 of the practical *oo; to learn more a*out choosing
appropriate instruments.
E%ercise: /ernier Ca((i'ers And 1icr)&eter Scre5 6a$ge
1. Write do"n the readings sho"n *y the follo"ing
Ba2
B*2
Bc2
Bd2
7 , 17
7 1
7 , 1
7
1 3
%ns"er( &1$1: cm&&&&..
%ns"er( J4$41 cmJJJJ$$
%ns"er( JJ/$45 cmJJJ$$
%ns"er( J2$24 cmJJJJ$$
*nalogue stop%atch digital stop%atch thermometer miliammeter
Measuring tape measuring cylinder "ea)er
4
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
'. Ba2 0he follo"ing diagram sho"s the scale of a vernier calliper "hen the Ha"s are closed.
Iero error 5 &2$24&&& cm
B*2. 0he follo"ing diagram sho"s the scale of the same vernier calliper "hen there are
+7 pieces of card*oard *et"een the Ha"s.
3. Write do"n the readings sho"n *y the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.
Ba2 B*2
%ns"er( &&&&&&&&&&. %ns"er(&&&&&&&..
Bc2 Bd2
%ns"er(&&&&&&&&&& %ns"er(&&&&&&&&.
7 ,
17
, 1
7 , 17
7 1
!eading sho"n 5 &6$/4&&.cm
orrected reading 5 &6$/4&&..cm
),
+7
7 ,
30
0
5 10
35
'7
',
7
1,
'7
7
,
:
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
+. Ba2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.
Iero error 5 &2$24&&.. mm Iero error 5 &2$20&&.. mm
B*2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.
,. Write do"n the readings sho"n *y the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.
Ba2 B*2
%ns"er( &/$51 mm&&&& %ns"er( &..14$04 mm&&
Bc2 Bd2
%ns"er(&&&+.31 mm&&&& %ns"er( :.13 mm&&&&
1. Ba2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.
Iero error 5 J32$24 mm Iero error 5 &2$20.. mm
7
7
+,
,
7
7
,
7
7
7
,
1,
'7
Iero error 5 2$20&&&mm
!eading sho"n 5 /$/1&&&..mm
orrected reading 5 /$/4&&&..mm
),
+7
7 ,
30
0
5 10
35
'7
',
7
7
7
+,
,
7
7
1,
'7
7
,
17
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
B*2 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.
Acc$racy and c)nsistency in &eas$re&ents.
1. %ccuracy ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
'. onsistency ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
). Sensitivity ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&..
&&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&&&&&&&
HandsAon activity 1.' on page ' of the practical *oo; to determine the sensitivity of
some measuring instruments.
Errors in measurements
1. %ll measurements are values &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
'. .n other "ord8 it is a matter of &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
). 0his is *ecause &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
+. 0"o main types of errors(
+.1 && 7ystematic errors and Kandom error&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
target
target
The a"ility o# an instrument to measure nearest to the actual ,alue
The a"ility o# an instrument to measure consistently %ith little or no relati,e
de,iation among readings$
The a"ility o# an instrument to detect a small change in the !uantity measured$
consistent "ut inaccurate consistent and accurate inaccurate and not consistent
*ccurate "ut not consistent inaccurate "ut consistent inaccurate "ut not consistent
,
7
7
7
,
1,
'7
Iero error 5 &2$20.mm
!eading sho"n 5 &./$/1..mm
orrected reading 5 &/$/4..mm
o# appro.imation only$
ho% close the measurement is to the actual ,alue$
error e.ist in all measurements$
the di##erence "et%een reaction time o# the "rain and the action$
(ero error is %hen the pointer is not at (ero %hen not in use$
Kange o# the measuring instrument < a"solute error $
Keaction time o# the "rain$
Initial reading is not at the (ero scale < (ero error
11
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Gccurs due to (
a %ea)ness o# the instrument
E6amples (
a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
*2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A+s)($te err)r (
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&.
E6ample (
Para((a% err)r : &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
7er) err)r : &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...
orrect reading 5 o*served reading @ <ero error
#ositive <ero error negative <ero error
Iero error of scre" meter gauge
#ositive <ero error
1ero error )
0 1 cm
0 1 2 3 ' ( 6 - . 9 10 0 1 2 3 ' ( 6 - . 9 10
1ero error )
0 1 cm
Hori<ontal
reference
Hori<ontal
reference
) divisions a*ove
hori<ontal reference
' divisions *elo"
hori<ontal reference
Iero error 5
Iero error 5
Kandom error
carelessness in ma)ing the measurement$
paralle. error & incorrect positioning o# the eye %hen ta)ing the readings$
sudden change o# am"ient #actors such as temperature or air circulation$
Keadings are close to the actual ,alue "ut they are not consistent$
Can "e minimi(ed "y consistently repeating the measurement at di##erent places in
an identical manner$
Gather all a,aila"le in#ormation a"out the o"Hect or phenomenon to
"e studied$
Gsing the #i,e senses& sight& hearing& touch& taste and smell$
* conclusion #rom an o"ser,ation or phenomena using in#ormation that
already e.ist$
Aaria"les are #actors or physical !uantities %hich change in the course
o# a scienti#ic in,estigation$
There are three ,aria"les :
i$ Manipulated ,aria"les < physical !uantity %hich change according
to the aim o# the e.periment$
ii$ Kesponding ,aria"les < physicals !uantity %hich is the result o#
the changed "y manipulated ,aria"le$
iii$ Fi.ed ,aria"les < physicals !uantities %hich are )ept constantduring
the e.periment$
$
Ke#er to the smallest reading that can "e measured "y an instrument
I#& the smallest reading 8 2$1 cm
Then& *"solute error 8 2$1 ? 4 8 2$26 cm
It occurs "ecause the position o# the eye is not perpendicular to the scale o# the
instrument$
%rong
right position o# the eye 9no error;
%rong
%here the pointer is not at (ero %hen not in use
32$24 cm
=2$20 cm
1'
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
+.' &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
Gccurs due to
a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
*2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
E6ample (
a2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..&
*2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
1.4 SCIENCETI,IC IN/ESTI6ATION
Steps 23planation
1
Ma;ing
o*servation
'
=ra"ing
inferences
)
.dentifying
and controlling
varia*les
+
?ormulating a
hypothesis
,
onducting
e6periments
P(an and re')rt an e%'eri&ent
Situation ( % fe" children are playing on a different length of s"ing in a
playground. .t is found that the time of oscillation for each s"ing is different.
7tatement o# relationship "et%een the manipulated ,aria"le and the
responding ,aria"le those %e %ould e.pect$
'ypothesis can either "e true or #alse$
i$ Conduct an e.periment includes the compilation and
interpretation o# data$
ii$ Ma)ing a conclusion regarding the ,alidity o# the hypothesis$
1)
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Steps E6ample ( refer to the situation a*ove
1
.nference
2
Hypothesis
3
%im
'
Caria*les
(
List of
apparatus and
materials
6 4rrangement o"
the apparat#s
3 #rocedures
4 0a*ulate the
data
The period o# the oscillation depends on the length o# the
pendulum$
@hen the length o# the pendulum increases& the period o# the
oscillation increases$
In,estigate the relationship "et%een length and period o# a
simple pendulum$
Manipulated ,aria"le : the length o# the pendulum$
Kesponding ,aria"le : Period
Fi.ed ,aria"le : the mass o# the pendulum and the displacement$
Ketort stand %ith clamp& 122 cm o# thread& "o"&
meter rule& 4 "loc)s o# clamp %ood& protractor and
stop %atch$
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure above.
2. Measure the length of the pendulum,l = 60.0 cm by using a meter
rule.
. !ive the pendulum bob a small displacement 00."ime of
10 oscillations is measured by using a stop watch.
#. $epeat the timing for another 10 oscillations. %alculate the average
time.
&eriod = t10 oscillations
10
'. $epeat steps 2, and # using l = '0.0 cm, #0.0 cm, 0.0 cm and
20.0 cm
1(. 1(.
1(0 1(0
131 131
119 119
099 099
1(. 1(.
1(0 1(0
131 131
119 119
99 99
1(- 1(-
1(0 1(0
131 131
119 119
99 99
1(. 1(.
1(0 1(0
131 131
119 119
99 99
600 600
(00 (00
'00 '00
300 300
200 200
5eriod6 s 5eriod6 s
(T ) t (T ) t
10 10610) 610)
4%erage 4%erage
2 2 1 1
7ength8 7ength8l l 6 6
cm cm
Time "or 10 oscillations 6 s
Ketort stand
protractor
l
"o"
1+
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
:
17
11
%nalyse the
data
=iscussion
onclusion
Rein*)rce&ent Cha'ter 1
Part A :O+8ecti-e !$esti)n
1. Which of the follo"ing is a *ase S.
quantityJ
% Weight - Energy
Celocity D Mass
'. Which of the follo"ing is a derived
quantityJ
% Length - Mass
0emperature D Voltage
). Which of the follo"ing is not a *asic
unitJ
A Newton - ;ilogram
ampere = second
+. Which of the follo"ing quantities
cannot *e derivedJ
A Electric current - #o"er
Momentum = ?orce
,. Which of the follo"ing quantities is
not derived from the *asic physical
quantity of lengthJ
A Electric charge - =ensity
Celocity = Colume
T 6 s
1'
12
10
0.
06
0'
02
!raf of period, " vs
pendulum(s
length, l
0 10 20 30 '0 (0 60 l / cm
&recautions )
1. *scillation time is measured when the pendulum attained a steady
state.
2. "ime for 10 oscillations is repeated twice to increase accuracy.
. +iscussion ,refer to given -uestions.
"he period increases when the length of the pendulum increases.
/ypothesis accepted.
1,
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
1. .nitial velocity u8 final velocity ,8
time t and another physical quantity )
is related *y the equation , 3 u 5 )t$
0he unit for ) is
% m s
A1
- m
A1
s
C m s
-2
= m
'
s
A'
3. Which of the follo"ing has the
smallest magnitudeJ
% megametre - centimetre
;ilometre D mikrometre
4. + )'4 777 777 mm in standard form is
% +.)'4 6 17
A:
m - +.)'4 6 17
A1
m
C 4.328 x !
"
m = +.)'4 6 17
:
m
:. Which of the follo"ing measurements
is the longestJ
% 1.' 6 17
A,
cm # 2! x !
-4
$m
7.1' mm = 1.' 6 17
A11
;m
17. 0he diameter of a particle is ',7 m.
What is its diameter in cmJ
A 2.% x !
-2
- '., 6 17
A+
'., 6 17
A1
= '., 6 17
A4
11. Which of the follo"ing prefi6es is
arranged in ascending orderJ
% mili8 senti8 mi;ro8 desi
# mikro& mili& senti& $esi
mili8 mi;ro8 desi8 senti
= desi8 mi;ro8 mili8 senti
1'. Celocity8 density8 force and energy are
% *asic quantities
- scalar quantities
C $eri'e$ (uantities
= vector quantities
1). Which of the follo"ing sho"s the
correct conversion of unitsJ
% '+ mm
)
5'.+ 6 17
A1
m
)
# 3!! mm
3
)3.! x !
-*
m
3
477 mm
)
54.7 6 17
A'
m
)
= 1 777 mm
)
51.7 6 17
A+
m
)
1+. Which of the follo"ing measurements
is the shortest J
% ).+, 6 17
)
m
# 3.4% x !
4
cm
).+, 6 17
3
mm
= ).+, 6 17
1'
m
1,. 0he Hit< ?M channel *roadcasts radio
"aves at a frequency of :'.4 MH< in
the north region. What is the frequency
of the radio "ave in H<J
% :.'4 6 17
+
- :.'4 6 17
,
C +.28 x !
*
= :.'4 6 17
17
11. %n o*Hect moves along a straight line
for time8 t. 0he length of the line8 s is
given *y the equation
'
'
1
gt s =
. 0he
S. unit of g is
% m
'
s
'
- m s
-2
s
A1
= s
A'
m
Part " : Str$ct$re !$esti)n
1. % car moves "ith an average speed of 3, ;m h
A1
from to"n # to to"n K in ' hours as
sho"n in ?igure 1. -y using this information8 you may calculate the distance *et"een the
t"o to"ns.
# K
?igure 1
Ba2 Bi2 -ased on the statements given8 state t"o *asic quantities and their respective
S. units.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Bii2 State a derived quantity and its S. unit.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Eistance : m and time : s
7peed < m s
31
11
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
B*2 onvert the value 1 . m to standard form.
, 6 17
A)
Bc2 omplete 0a*le 1 *y "riting the value of each given prefi6.
0a*le 1
Bd2 #o"er is defined as the rate of change of "or; done. =erive the unit for po"er in
terms of its *asic units.
Be2 alculate the volume of a "ooden *loc; "ith dimension of 3 cm8 , cm *readth and 1'
cm height in m
)
and convert its value in standard form.
'. ?igure ' sho"s an ammeter of 7L) % range.
?igure '
Ba2 Bi2 Name component M. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...
Bii2 What is the function of MJ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
= 0.2 0 10
m
= 2.0 0 10
2
m
10
12
10
16
10
6
10
2
&ower =
time
%or)
=
time
nt displaceme Force
3nit =
s
m )gms
'
= 4g m
2
s
1
5olume = ,6 0 10
12
. ,' 0 10
12
. ,12 0 10
12
.
= #20 0 10
16
= #.20 0 10
1#
m
13
Mirror
To a,oid paralla. error
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
B*2 0a*le ' sho"s three current readings o*tained *y three students.
0a*le '
Bi2 =id all the students use the ammeter in ?igure'J ..&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
Bii2 E6plain your ans"er in B*2Bi2.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
). ?igure ) sho"s the meniscus of "ater in a measuring cylinder E8 L8 and M are three eye
positions "hile measuring the volume of the "ater.
Ba2 Bi2 Which of the eye positions is
correct "hile
ta;ing the reading of the volume of
"aterJ
&&.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
?igure )
B*2 0he "ater in the measuring cylinder is
replaced "ith )7 cm
)
of mercury.
Bi2 .n ?igure +8 dra" the meniscus of the
mercury in the measuring cylinder. ?igure +
Bii2 E6plain "hy the shape of the meniscus of mercury is as dra"n in B*2Bi2.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
No
0
rd
readings o"tained "y student 4 and 0 are out o# the meter range$
-
The cohesi,e #orce is larger than the adhesi,e #orce
14