Computing
CS151:
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
Computational thinking is a fundamental skill for everyone,
not just for Computer Scientists
Computing is everywhere
Computing is fun
Computing is about solving problems
Computing is useful
Allows us to help people, communicate, make an impact
Computing is a new tool
Gone in a short period of time from inaccessible to accessible to
everybody, including young children
A LOT of room for innovation
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Programs
E.g. The case of Google
Algorithms
Have you heard the term algorithm?
Where?
A program is a set of instructions that a
computer follows to perform a task.
Programs are commonly referred to as
software.
What is an algorithm?
What software have you
used?
Computers operate by following a list of instructions set
for them
An algorithm is a set of instructions for completing a task
how we get computers to solve problems
Exercise: Moving the Robot
A Few Solutions:
Your task: Move the robot to the GOAL square
You can only use the following instructions:
1.
Right
Right
Right
Up
Up
Up
2.
Right
Up
Right
Right
Up
Up
3.
Right
Up
Right
Up
Right
Up
4.
Up
Up
Up
Right
Right
Right
LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN
(Each one moves the robot one step in the given direction)
GOAL
Robot
Algorithms
Exercise: Searching
Is there a single way to achieve a task like
Moving the Robot?
Class exercise using card numbers
There can be more then one algorithm for a task or
problem (and usually there is more than one)
Some algorithms are faster than others
Many of the algorithms that have been discovered have
made it possible to solve problems that previously took
an infeasible length of time
Finding all pages that contain your name on the WorldWide Web
Goal: Students end up using two common
searching algorithms: Linear Search and
Binary Search
Searching
Linear Search
Computers are often required to find
information in large collections of data.
They need to develop quick and efficient ways of
doing this.
Several search methods have been developed in
the Computing field
Linear Search
Binary Search
In computer science, linear search or sequential
search is a method for finding a particular value
in a list, that consists of checking every one of
its elements, one at a time and in sequence,
until the desired one is found.
Binary Search
Linear Search vs. Binary Search
In computer science, a binary search algorithm
finds the position of a specified value within a
sorted list.
In each step, the algorithm compares the desired
value with the value of the middle element of
the list.
If they match, then the desired value has been found
Otherwise, if the desired value is less than the middle
element's value, then the algorithm repeats its action
on the sub-list to the left of the middle element or, if
the input key is greater, on the sub-list to the right.
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Linear search is simpler than binary search
Linear search is slower than binary search
Linear search is useful for short list (less than 100
items)
Binary search is useful for both short and large
list
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