Model-Driven Web Engineering

UWE Approach
Nora Koch
Web Engineering Group
Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitt Mnchen (LMU)
Germany
Madrid, 28.05.2008

Web Engineering Group of LMU

Current staff
Alexander Knapp and Nora Koch
Gefei Zhang (PhD student)
Christian Kroi and Marianne Busch (students)
Martin Wirsing (head of department)

Projects
UWE
MAEWA
SENSORIA

Cooperations
Universities of Alicante, Extremadura, Mlaga, Sevilla (ES), Milano (IT),
Viena & Linz (AT), Lingby (DK), LaPlata (AR)
Industry: FAST/Cirquent, S.Co LifeScience

Other activities
ICWE conferences since 2003
MDWE workshops since 2005
MDWEnet initiative since 2006
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Engineering
Software Engineering for the Web domain
Concept introduced by San Murugesan in 1998
Definition
Web engineering is the application of a systematic and quantifiable approach to costeffective requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, operation, and
maintenance of high-quality Web software.
Web engineering is also the scientific discipline concerned with the study of these
approaches.
Gerti Kappel, Birgit Prll, Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzegger
Web Engineering (2006)

Established as own discipline

Model-Driven Web Engineering relevant topic as many Web engineering
approaches follow a model-driven development approach
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Outline
Web Software and Model-Driven Development
UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Outlook

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Web Software
Web information system (WIS)

software system based on client/server technology provides information through a user

interface (Web browser). Pages belong to a particular domain name or subdomain on
the World Wide Web
Web site, homepage, Web portal

Web application
software system that provides Web specific resources such as content and services
through a Web browser

Web service1
software system designed to support interoperable machine to machine interaction
over a network. Web services are frequently just application programming interfaces
(API) that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a
remote system hosting the requested services
1W3C,

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

www.w3.org

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

complexity

Categories of WIS and Web Applications

semantic web

ubiquitous

collaborative

workflow-based

portal-oriented

transactional

interactive
document
based
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Gerti Kappel, Birgit Prll, Siegfried Reich,

Werner Retschitzegger: Web Engineering, (2006)

time
6

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Web Specifics in Engineering

Hypermedia paradigm
nodes & links
text & multimedia

Omnipresent due to the nature of the Web

global and permanent availability
comfortable and unified access
distributed information / services

Dynamic development
incremental number of Web pages
continuous improvement of existing Web applications (content, links, layout)
offer of new services
adaptation required by new Web technologies

Management aspects
multidisciplinary development team
inhomogeneous and immature technical infrastructure
short product lifecycles
short development cycles

Specific engineering methods

for the Web domain
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Model-Driven Development
MDD approaches based on
models, metamodels and model transformations

MDD approaches require languages for

specification of models
UML, BPMN,

description of metamodels
UML, MOF, OCL,

definition of model transformations

MDD

Java

computational independent model (CIM)

platform independent model (PIM)
platform specific model (PSM)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Models

Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)

Meta models

ATL, QVT,

Model transformations

Graph transformations

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Model Transformations
Goal is automatic translation between source and target models
Translation performed by a transformation
engine that executes transformation rules
Set of rules
seen as a model
based on a transformation
metamodel

Metamodels are based on a

metametamodel
MDA model transformations
CIM2PIM
PIM2PIM
PIM2PSM
Model transformation pattern (J. Bzivin, 2004)
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Web Engineering Methods

HDM / HDM-lite
Hera
NDT
MIDAS

Hypertext Design Model

Navigational Development Technique
Hypertext Modeling Method (HM3)
Service-Oriented Development Method (SOD-M)

OO-H
OOHDM
OOWS

Object-Oriented Hypermedia Method

Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method
Object-Oriented Web Solution

RMM
UWE
W2000

Relationship Management Methodology

UML-based Web Engineering

WAE / WAE2
WebML
WebSA
WSDM

Web Application Extension

Web Modeling Language
Web Software Architecture
Web Site Design Method
based on
ER Entity Relationship Model
OMT Object Modeling Technique
UML Unified Modeling Language

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

10

Model-Driven Development in the Web Domain

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Several methods propose building models

Hera, MIDAS, OOHDM, OO-H, UWE, WebML,
separation of concerns
content
navigation
presentation
business processes
adaptation,

similar Web specific modeling elements

different notations

Some methods define metamodels for modelling languages

MIDAS, OO-H, UWE, W2000, WebML,

Few approaches address model transformations

MIDAS, OOWS, UWE, WebSA,

Goal of almost all

Platform specific models in a late development stage
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

11

UWE in a Nutshell

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Main characteristic is the use of UML for all models

pure UML whenever possible
UML extension for Web specific features: UML profile

Use of OMG standards, such as UML, MDA, MOF, OCL, XMI,

Focuses on systematisation and automatic generation
UWE comprises
a modelling language for the graphical representation of models of Web applications
a metamodel for UWE modelling elements
a development process
tools supporting semi-automatic generation
MagicUWE & ArgoUWE editors for the design
set of ATL transformations
model-to-model and model-to-code transformations
set of plugins integrated in eclipse environment
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12

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Dimensions of Web Modelling

levels
presentation
hypertext

adaptivity

content
structure
behaviour

requirements
analysis

phases
design

implementation

aspects
Modelling process
information-driven ("content first")
presentation-driven ("layout first")
functionality-driven (business processes first)
Source: Kappel et al. Web Engineering,
d-punkt (2003)
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13

Why UML?

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UML is a graphical language for specifying, constructing and documenting

software artifacts
UML is a de facto industry standard and an OMG standard
UML includes
notation
diagram types
Object Constraints Language (OCL)
metamodel
well-formedness rules

UML does not provide a development process

How expressive is UML for the development of Web applications?
UML does not include specific Web model elements
UML defines extension mechanisms
UML profiles

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14

UML Extensions

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Light weight extension

called a UML profile
based on extension mechanisms provided by UML
defines stereotypes for new metaclasses
domain specific: EJB bean, session, entity,
defined in the UML: metaclass, trace, file,

tagged values for metaattributes

OCL constraints for invariants, pre- and postconditions
CASE tool support by UML tools

Heavy weight extension

different notation
other diagram types not defined in the UML
need of proprietary CASE tool

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15

Analysis and Design Models in UWE

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Analysis models of a Web application

functional requirements are specified by
uses cases
workflows

data (content) requirements are specified by

domain models

Design models of a Web application

information aspects
content model

hypertext structure and

navigation functionality
navigation model

layout schema
presentation model

functionality
process model
adaptivity model

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16

Example: Simple Music Portal

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Inspired by www.mp3.com
offers albums for downloading
contains information about albums, songs and artists
this information is available for free
registered users can download them
for downloading they need to have enough credit on their prepaid account
accounts are rechargeable

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

17

Modelling Requirements with UWE

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Graphical visualization by UML use

case diagram
to model required functionality
distinguishes between navigation and
process use cases

Web specific model elements

(not yet implemented in MagicDraw)

navigation use cases for browsing

tasks
browse use cases
view use cases
search use cases

web process use cases for other

tasks
other use cases

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18

Content Modelling

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Representation of domain information

persistent data

Modelling technique
UML class diagram
plain UML
no additional
semantics required

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

19

User Model

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Representation of session specific information

allows for customization

Represented as UML class diagram

normal UML classes
Visit object for each session
visitClass

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20

Navigation Modelling

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Goals
to represent nodes and links of the hypertext structure
to design navigation paths
to avoid disorientation and cognitive overload

Navigation model
represented by a UML class diagram
uses specific modelling elements for Web concepts

Basic elements to model the core hypertext

structure
navigation class specifies a hypertext node
visited by a user through browsing (related to a
content class)
navigation link specifies a hyperlink used to
access the target navigation object from the source
navigation object
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21

Access Primitives

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Systematic enhancement of the navigation structure model by

index for all navigation links which have multiplicity > 1 at the directed association end
menu for all navigation classes with more than 1 outgoing association

Design decision to include

guidedTour instead of index
query for selection of instances of a navigation class
tagged value home to indicate starting point of the application (node without ingoing
links)
tagged value landmark to indicate that a node is reachable from everywhere (all other
nodes include a link to the landmark node)

Shortcuts for more complex constructs (if represented in UML without extension)

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22

Navigation Model Elements: Menu

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Menus are used to structure the outgoing links from a node

usually associated to a navigation class by composition
consists of a set of links to heterogeneous elements, such as indexes, guided
tours, queries, instances of navigation classes or other menus
UML stereotype: menu

Semantics of menu

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23

Navigation Model
(excerpt)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

24

Modelling Processes in UWE

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Navigation model of a Web application

represents the static information structure accessible to a user of the system
specifies browsing (navigation) functionality

Process model
represent the dynamic aspects of a Web application
specifies functionality, such as transactions and complex workflows of activities

Process modelling consists of

definition of process classes (for non-navigation use cases)
integration of these process classes in the navigation model
description of the behaviour through a process flow
represented as UML activity diagram

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Process Elements

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Process class represents the process through which the user will be guided in
the Web application
for complex process that require more than a single class, an additional process model
is built
UML stereotype: process class

Process link is used to model the association between a navigation class and
a process class
indicates entry points and exit points of processes within the navigation structure
UML stereotype: process link

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26

Navigation Model: Including Web Processes

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

27

Modelling the Process Flow

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

The behavior of a Web process is defined by the process flow model

represented by UML activity diagram
result of the refinement of the activity diagram drawn for requirements specification
process class stereotype
optional use of nested activity diagrams

Process flow consists of

flow of execution represented by activity nodes connected by activity edges
control nodes that provide flow-of-control constructs, such as decisions and
synchronization
object nodes that represent data flowing along object flow edges or pins associated to
the actions
in UML2 the semantic of activities is based on control and data token flows, similar to
Petri nets

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28

Process Model: Login

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

29

Modelling Presentation

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Representation of layout for the underlying navigation and process models

is an abstract presentation
concrete presentation requires specification of additional physical properties of the
layout
colour, position,
# of columns in table, type of menu,

Presentation classes represent Web pages or part of pages

composition of user interface elements
hierarchical composition of presentation elements

UML class diagram for the structure of the presentation

using UML container notation

UML interaction diagram (sequence diagrams)

used for modelling behaviour of presentation classes (classical UML)

Alternative: development of a prototype

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

30

Presentation Model Elements

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Structural presentation elements

presentationClass/ presentationGroup:
container of user interface elements
representing a logic unit of presentation
associated to a navigation class or process
class
presentationPage: presentation class at
highest level
presentationAlternatives: container for
presentation classes which are not shown
simultaneously

User interface elements

anchor
button
text
image
textInput
selection

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31

Adaptive Web Applications

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Adaptation/Customization for
user properties: knowledge, tasks, preferences, interests
context properties: location (place and time) & platform (HW, SW, network)

Update of a user model / context model

observation of the user behaviour or environment by the system

Techniques for adaptation

content adaptation
inserting and removing text/multimedia features
content variants

navigation adaptation
link ordering
link annotation
link hiding
link generation

presentation adaptation
modality adaptation (audio or text)
language selection
layout variants (resizing of fonts, images, changing colours)
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32

Modelling Adaptivity

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UWE uses a technique called AspectOriented Modelling (AOM)

Identification of
pointcut (including conditions)
advice

Weaving the result into the web

application based on
current state of the user model
information provided by link traversal

Example: links only visible for

registered users to
BuyAlbum

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33

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UWE Metamodel
UWE Metamodel is defined as a conservative
extension of UML 2.0
model elements of the UML metamodel are not
modified
all new elements are related by inheritance to at
least one model element of the UML
use of OCL to specify additional semantics of the
new elements
so-called light-weighed extension of UML

metamodel

MOF

M3

instantiate
metamodel

UML

M2
metamodel

UWE
instantiate

UWE Application
Model

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

M1

34

UWE Metamodel Characteristics

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UWE metamodel
reflects separation of concerns in the structure of Core
shows cross-cutting aspect of adaptation

UWE metamodel is profileable

mapping to a UML profile is possible

UWE metamodel is MOF compatible

uses XML metadata interchange format (XMI)

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35

UWE Metamodel: Navigation

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

(see stereotypes used in the example)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

36

UWE Profile: Navigation

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UML stereotypes for

Web specific
concepts used for the
specification of the
hypertext structure
Extends relationships
UML metaclasses

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

37

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Model-Driven Process of UWE

Graphical representation of the

process
process as UML activity diagram
model transformations as stereotyped
UML actions
models as UML object flow states
implicit initial and final state

Types of models in UWE

requirements model (CIM)
functional models (PIM)
content model
navigation model

architecture models (PIM)

integration models (PIM)
models for J2EE, .Struts (PSM)
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38

UWE Development Process

Requirements to Functional Models

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

39

Construction of Functional Models

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UWE metamodel and UWE profile

navigation elements: navigation class, navigation link, index,
presentation elements: presentation class, anchor, image,

Case tool ArgoUWE/MagicUWE

extension of ArgoUML/MagicDraw
provides UWE Profile
supports (semi-)automatic execution of transformations
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

40

Transformation Content to Navigation

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Content2Navigation
generates navigation classes from
content classes
adds a navigation links based on
associations of the content model

Marking elements
identification of classes of the content model
that are relevant for the navigation view
task performed by designer

Implementation
ArgoUWE/MagicUWE plugin implemented in
Java
ATL (ATLAS Transformation Language)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

41

Refinement of Navigation Model

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Improvement based on patterns

index for associations with multiplicity greater than one at the directed
association end
menu for navigation classes with multiple outgoing associations

Implementation
Java in ArgoUWE/MagicUWE
ATL

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42

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Integration with Architecture Models

Web Software Architecture (WebSA) approach*

domain specific language for modelling architectural views of Web applications

subsystem model
configuration model

Web Functional Viewpoint

Web Architectural Viewpoint

integration model

UML profile of architectural

modelling elements
Web component

Functional
Models
(OO-H,UWE)

Subsystem
Model

Analysis
Merge

Web port

T1

Web connector
server page,
etc.

Platform
Independent Design

model transformations
written in QVT-P

Configuration
Model

Models to Model
Transformation

Integration Model

T2

T2'

T2'

Implementation

J2EE models

.NET models

Other models

*Santiago Mela, University of Alicante, PhD Thesis (2007)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

43

Generating Big Picture Model

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Generation of an integrated functional model (big picture )

transformation target UML state machine for integration of content, navigation and
process models
graph transformation language
tool: Attributed Graph Grammar System (AGG)
validation of correctness by model checking

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

44

Big Picture: Transformation of Navigation Model

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Capture navigation nodes as states (with parameters for data)

Example: music portal: transformation for navigation node song

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

45

Big Picture: Transformation of Business Process

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

46

Model Validation

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Model transformations for Web applications based on UWE and its UML-based
metamodel
Graph transformations into integrating UML state machine
Model validation by model checking using Hugo/RT
(http://www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/projekte/hugo)
Automation of transformation process using Attribute Graph Grammars (AGG)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

47

Generation of Web Applications

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

UWE uses a transformational approach

to generate data model and presentation layer
based on content, navigation structure and presentation models
transformation rules from UWE content model to Java beans
transformation rules from UWE presentation model to Java Server Pages (JSPs)

UWE uses an interpretational approach

using a virtual machine
to interpret the process model (activity diagrams)
configuration data for the virtual machine is generated from process and navigation
model

Implemented so far
using the Spring framework
transformations defined in ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL)

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

48

Model to Code Transformations

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

49

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Classification of UWE Model Transformations

Characteristics
Transformation

Type

Complexity

Marks

Execution

Techniques

Req2Content

CIM to PIM

simple

WebRE profile

automatic

QVT

Req2Architecture

CIM to PIM

simple

manual

Content2Navigation

PIM to PIM

simple

navigation
relevance

semiautomatic

Java, ATL

NavigationRefinement

PIM to PIM

simple

UWE profile &

patterns

automatic

Java

Req2Navigation

CIM to PIM

merge

WebRE profile

automatic

QVT

Navigation2Presentation

PIM to PIM

simple

UWE profile

automatic

Java, ATL

StyleAdjustment

PIM to PIM

merge

style guide

automatic

Java

Functional2BigPicture

PIM to PIM

merge

patterns

automatic

graph transformations

Functional&Architecture2
Integration

PIM to PIM

merge

UWE & WebSA

profile

automatic

QVT-P

Integration2J2EE

PIM to PSM

merge

patterns

automatic

QVT-P, ATL

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

50

Tool Support for UWE

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

Goal
support of UWE notation for design of Web applications
separation of concerns (navigation, process, presentation,)
implementation of UWE development process allowing for semi-automatic model
generation
support of model validation checking models consistency
code generation

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51

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

ArgoUWE & MagicUWE

Extension of ArgoUML

Extension of MagicDraw

advantages

advantages

open source UML CASE tool

based on UML 2

easy extension of design critics feature

for checking model consistency

UML profile definition support

XMI output as basis for code

generation

disadvantages
still based on UML 1.x

XMI output

disadvantages
commercial tool
distribution of UML profile

inherited usability problems

Plugin for ArgoUML 0.16

Plugin for MagicDraw 15.0

Plugins for other CASE tools

Rational Software Modeller
interest in further extensions supporting UWE
notation and model transformations
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52

MagicUWE

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

Web Software & MDD

UWE Approach
Modelling Language
Metamodel
Development Process
Tool Support

53

Development Environment
Eclipse based
PIM2PIM transformations (ATL)
PIM2PSM & PSM2Code (ATL)
written in ATL

Spring Framework
Java Server Pages

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54

Web Software & MDD

Tool Support
Outlook

Evolution of UWE

Current Status

Ongoing Work

Future Work

Modelling
Language

Metamodel

Development
Process

Tool support

UML profile for

content, navigation,
process, abstract
presentation,
adaptation

Conservative
extension of UML
metamodel (lightweight) and
profileable

Different languages
for model
transformations

CASE tool
ArgoUWE,
Eclipse plugins
Spring
JSP

Extension for
concrete
presentation,
requirements and
services

Evolving to include
modelling elements
for concrete
presentation and
services

Model
transformation
language ATL

Plugin for
MagicDraw
Eclipse plugins
JSF

Extension for
Web 2.0

Evolving to include
modelling elements
for Web 2.0

Model
transformation
language QVT (if
standardized)

Plugins for other

CASE tools
Editors for
development
environment

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

55

Web Software & MDD

Tool Support
Outlook

Vision for Model-Driven Web Engineering

Underlying
Modelling Language

OMT

ER

UML

HDM

1993
1994
RMM

1995
1996

OOHDM

HDM-Lite
WSDM

1997
1998

WAE

1999

WebML

2000
2001

W2000

UWE
OOWS

Hera

WAE2

2002
2003

MIDAS

OO-H

2004

NDT
WebSA

2005
2006
2007

Madrid 2008 2008

Nora Koch

Data-oriented
Hypertext-oriented
Object-oriented
Software-oriented

56

Literature

Web Software & MDD

Tool Support
Outlook

Web Engineering: Modelling and Implementing Web Applications

G. Rossi, O. Pastor, D. Schwabe, L. Olsina (eds.), Springer (2008).

Web Engineering: Systematic Development of Web Applications

Gerti Kappel, Birgid Prll, Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzegger (eds.)
dpunkt-verlag (German version), 2003,
John Wiley & Sons (English version), 2006.

Model-Driven Generation of Web Applications in UWE

Andreas Kraus, Alexander Knapp and Nora Koch
3rd International Workshop on Model-Driven Web Engineering (MDWE 2007), Como, Italy

Metamodelling the Requirements of Web Systems

Mara Jos Escalona and Nora Koch
2nd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WebIST'06), Setubal,
Portugal, pages 310-317. INSTICC, 2006.

Modelling Adaptivity with Aspects

Hubert Baumeister, Alexander Knapp, Nora Koch and Gefei Zhang
5th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2005), Sydney, Australia, LNCS 3579, 406416, 2005.
Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

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Muchas gracias!
Nora Koch
www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/people/staff/koch
nora.koch (at) pst.ifi.lmu.de

UWE
www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/projekte/uwe
uwe (at) pst.ifi.lmu.de

MDWEnet
www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/projekte/mdwenet
mdwenet (at) pst.ifi.lmu.de

Madrid 2008 Nora Koch

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