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Cooling Calculation

1) The document provides parameters for cooling 1000 metric tons of propane cargo in a tank from -50C to -100C using a single stage direct cooling system. 2) It outlines the calculations needed to determine the time required to cool the cargo, which involves calculating the total heat to be removed and the net cooling capacity of the compressor. 3) Based on the calculations, the time required to cool the cargo from -50C to -100C is determined to be 13.01 hours.

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DheerajKaushal
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217 views3 pages

Cooling Calculation

1) The document provides parameters for cooling 1000 metric tons of propane cargo in a tank from -50C to -100C using a single stage direct cooling system. 2) It outlines the calculations needed to determine the time required to cool the cargo, which involves calculating the total heat to be removed and the net cooling capacity of the compressor. 3) Based on the calculations, the time required to cool the cargo from -50C to -100C is determined to be 13.01 hours.

Uploaded by

DheerajKaushal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COOLING CALCULATION

PARAMETERS GIVEN
PLANT
CARGO
QUANTITY
TANK TEMPERATURE
COMPRESSOR SUCTION PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR SUCTION TEMPERATURE
COMPRESSOR SUCTION VOLUME
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

: Single Stage Direct Cooling


: Propane
: 1000 MT
: -50 C
: 3.00 Bar
: +60 C
: 350 M3/Hr
: 1000 mb

REQUIRED
TIME TAKEN TO COOL DOWN CARGO TO

: -100 C

P
R
E
S
S
U
R
E
B
A
R
A
B
S
O
L
U
T
E
L
O
G
S
C
A
L
E

55OC
h4
18OC

7.95

h3
6OC

Sub-cooled
liquid

8.3 Kg/m3

Latent heat
h5

h1
-5OC

4.06
T1
4.00

h2
-10OC

3.45

T2

499.5

511.6

570.2
Enthalpy (KJ/Kg)

893.2

Superheated
vapour

1) Heat to be removed (Q)


= (QT 1 - QT 2 ) * Mass
2) Net cooling capacity Q Net
= Vs * s * h
Where: Vs = Compressor volume.
s = Density of vapour at suction side.
h = Enthalpy difference between saturated vapour after phase change and boiling liquid before expansion
value i.e. (h1 h4).
WHAT IS REQUIRED
a) Enthalpy of boiling liquid at 10oC
= QT 2 = 499.5
o
b) Enthalpy of boiling liquid at 5 C
= QT 1 = 511.6
c) Enthalpy of boiling liquid at +18oC
= h4 = 570.2
o
d) Enthalpy of Saturated vapour at -5 C
= h1 = 893.2
e) Density of superheated vapour at +6oC and 4 Bar Abs Pr
(Only from Mollier Diagram or Graph of Superheated properties of vapour) = 8.3 Kg/M3

1 ) Q = ( 511.6-499.5 ) * 1000 * 103 = 12.1 *106 KJ


& 2 ) Q Net = 350m3 / hr * 8.3 Kg / m3 * ( 893.2 570.2 ) KJ / Kg
= 938315 KJ / hr
= 9.3 * 105 KJ / hr
HENCE COOLING TIME = 12.1 * 106 KJ
= 13.01 Hours
5
9.3 * 10 KJ / Hr
NOTE: Heat ingress in lines, into cargo tanks etc etc not taken into account.

EXPLANATION OF THE COOLING PROCESS, FLOW SHEET OF THE MOLLIER


T1 is the present cargo temperature and its enthalpy of boiling liquid is 511.6 KJ/Kg
T2 is the required cargo temperature and its enthalpy of boiling liquid is 499.5 KJ/Kg
Hence the heat to be removed is the enthalpy difference viz 511.6 - 499.5 = 12.1 KJ/Kg
But cargo quantity is 1000 MT = 1000 * 103 Kg
Total heat to be removed is 12.1 * 106 Kilo Joules

NOW TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT OUR COMPRESSOR IS UPTO


Due to heat leaking into the cargo tank, some of the liquid at T1 will boil off to saturated
vapour at h1. The boil off uses heat that is taken from the liquid, so if we remove this vapour,
the liquid in the tank will remain at the same temperature.
If we suck out more vapour then what is being generated, the temperature of the tank will
decrease so that at atmospheric pressure the cargo will be at its boiling point.
BASICALLY THAT IS THE COOLING PROCESS
We suck vapour into the compressor at h2 i.e. 6oC and 4 bar pressure. The vapour in the mean
time has superheated and has also slightly decreased in pressure in relation to the tank
pressure because of passing through pipelines, valves, bends, liquid separator etc.
In the compressor the vapour is pressurised and the vapour comes out at h3 i.e. 18oC and 7.95
bar pressure, with a higher pressure and a greater Enthalpy than at h2.
From here it goes into the seawater-cooled condenser. Note that the high pressure achieved in
the compressor remains all the way till the expansion valve.
The vapour at a high pressure and temperature condenses to liquid in the condenser. Note it is
the seawater temperature that decides what temperature and pressure the propane
vapour condenses at.
The condensed liquid propane collects in the receiver at h4. From the liquid receiver this
warm liquid expands from a high pressure to low-pressure h5. At this instance the condensing
pressure decreases to tank pressure and some of the liquid boils off due to reduction in
pressure. This boil off consumes heat that is removed from the liquid, and the liquid
temperature decreases from that in the receiver to that of the tank.
Do remember that temperature and pressure follow each other.
As we understand we have sucked 100% vapour from the tank and delivered it back as
70-90% liquid and at the same temperature as the liquid in the tank.
THIS IS THE RELIQUIFACTION PROCESS.
It is NOT the return of the condensate that gives the cooling effect / reduction of the tank
temperature, BUT on the contrary it is the vapour that we suck off with the compressor that
gives the cooling effect.

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