2d Geometric Shapes
2d Geometric Shapes
Isoscles Triangle
Isosceles triangles have 2 angles equal and 2
sides of equal length.
All isosceles triangles have a line of symmetry.
Scalene Triangle
Scalene triangles have no angles equal, and no
sides of equal length.
Right Triangle
Right triangles (or right angled triangles) have
one right angle (equal to 90).
Obtuse Triangle
Obtuse triangles have one obtuse angle (an
angle greater than 90). The other two angles
are acute (less than 90).
Acute Triangle
Acute triangles have all angles acute.
List of Geometric Shapes - Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides.
There are quite a few members of the quadrilateral family. There are also some members
which are a subset of other members of this family!
See below if this confuses you!
Square
Squares have 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.
They have 4 lines of symmetry.
All squares belong to the rectangle family.
All squares belong to the rhombus family.
All squares are also parallelograms.
Rectangle
Rectangles have 4 sides and 4 right angles.
They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are
also a square!)
All rectangles belong to the parallelogram family.
Rhombus
Rhombuses (rhombii) have 4 equal sides.
Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are a
square!)
All rhombuses belong to the parallelogram family.
Parallelogram
Parallelograms have 2 pairs of parallel sides.
Some parallelograms have lines of symmetry
(depending on whether they are also squares,
rectangles or rhombuses), but most do not.
Trapezoid US
(Trapezium UK)
Trapezoids US (Trapeziums UK) have one pair of
parallel sides.
Some trapezoids have a line of symmetry.
Please note the differences between the definitions for
US and UK.
Kite
Kites have 2 pairs of equal sides which are adjacent to
each other.
Trapezium US
(Trapezoid UK)
Trapeziums US (Trapezoids UK) are quadrilaterals with
no parallel sides.
Please note the differences between the definitions for
US and UK.
Regular and Irregular Polygons
Here is a list of regular polygons from 3 to 10 sides.
For each polygon, a regular and an irregular example have been shown.
Any regular shape will be mathematically similar to the example shown (having the same
angles).
There are an infinite number of examples of different irregular polygons that could be
shown, and only one example is given.
Equilateral Triangle
Irregular Triangle
Angle: 60
Interior angles add up to 180
Square
Irregular Quadrilateral
Angle: 90
Interior angles add up to 360
Pentagon
Irregular Pentagon
Angle: 108
Interior angles add up to 540
Hexagon
Angle: 120
Interior angles add up to 720
Irregular Hexagon
Heptagon
Irregular Heptagon
Angle: 128.6
Interior angles add up to 900
Octagon
Irregular Octagon
Angle: 135
Interior angles add up to 1080
Nonagon
Irregular Nonagon
Angle: 140
Interior angles add up to 1260
Decagon
Irregular Decagon
Angle: 144
Interior angles add up to 1440
The formulae for the interior angles of a polygon are as follows:
Total of interior angles = 180 x (number of sides - 2)
Angle = total of interior angles / number of sides
List of Geometrics Shapes - 3D Shapes
Here are some common 3D shapes that you should know.
Along with a picture of each shape, the number of faces, edges and vertices are also given.
Common properties of the 3D shapes are also given.
Cube
Cubes have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All sides on a cube are equal length.
All faces are square in shape.
A cube is a type of cuboid.
Cuboid
Cuboids have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All the faces on a cuboid are rectangular.
Sphere
Spheres have 1 curved face, 0 edges and 0 vertices.
Cylinder
Closed Cylinders have 3 faces, 2 edges and 0 vertices.
Closed cylinders have 2 circular or elliptical faces and
one curved rectangular face.
Cone
Cones have 2 faces, 1 edge and 1 apex (which is
described by some mathematicians as a vertex).
Triangular Prism
Triangular Prisms have 5 faces, 9 edges, and 6 vertices.
The two faces at either end are triangles, and the rest of
the faces are rectangular.
Hexagonal Prism
Hexagonal Prisms have 8 faces, 18 edges, and 12
vertices.
The two faces at either end are hexagons, and the rest of
the faces are rectangular.
Triangular-based Pyramid
Triangular-based pyramids have 4 faces, 6 edges and 4
vertices.
The base is a triangle. All of the faces are triangular.
If the triangular faces making up the prism are all
equilateral, then the shape is also called a Tetrahedron.
Square-based Pyramid
Square based pyramids have 5 faces, 8 edges and 5
vertices
The base is a square. All the other faces are triangular.
Hexagonal Pyramid
Hexagonal pyramids have 7 faces, 12 edges, and 7
vertices.
The base is a hexagon. All of the other faces are
triangular.
The 5 Platonic Solids
The platonic solids form a set of 5 polyhedra with the following special properties:
the faces of the platonic solids have to be regular and congruent.
the same number of faces meet at each vertex.
They are named after the Greek philosopher Plato who wrote about them in his
philosophical discussions.
There are only 5 platonic solids:
Regular tetrahedron
Cube or regular hexahedron
Regular octahedron
Regular dodecahedron
Regular icosahedron
Tetrahedron
A Tetrahedrons is the same as a triangular pyramid.
They have 4 triangular faces, 6 edges and 4 vertices.
A regular tetrahedron has equilateral triangles for its
faces, and is one of the 5 platonic solids.
Cube (regular hexahedron)
Cubes have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All sides on a cube are equal length.
All faces are square in shape.
A cube is a type of cuboid and is one of the 5 platonic
solids.
Octahedron
Octahedrons are a shape with 8 faces, 12 edges and 6
vertices.
A regular octahedron has equilateral triangles for its
faces, and is one of the 5 platonic solids.
Dodecahedron
Dodecahedrons are a shape with 12 faces, 30 edges and
20 vertices.
A regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons for its
faces, and is one of the 5 platonic solids.
Icosahedron
Icosahedron are a shape with 20 faces, 30 edges and 12
vertices.
All the faces are triangles.
A regular icosahedron is one of the 5 platonic solids with
all faces being equilateral triangles.
