FUNCTION OF THE POWERTRAIN
In the powertrain is makes the next functions:
Provides the medium to connect or disconnect the engine to the
wheels while the engine is started.
System incorporates clutch, this can be mechanical (by whip),
hydraulic (fluid in the collar) Provides the medium by which the power
of the engine is delivered to the wheels.
Provides some and differents combinations of power and speed for
adapt to the changes in the condition of the road and load.
Through transmission or transaxle of changes; These include both
manuals as can be automated. Provides speed forward and backward.
TIPES OF POWERTRAIN
The design of the powertrain depends of:
The location of the engine,(in front, back, or in the middle of the
vehicle).
Depending on the location of the engine it can make better use of the
energy generated by the same.
The motor position (longitudinal or transverse).
For cases of the longitudinal engine we know that most common mind
incorporates a rear wheel drive, while for an engine placed
transversely is more common to find a front transmission.
Transmission Type [Propulsion in rear wheels (RWD), propulsion front
wheel (FWD) propulsion connectable 4-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel
propulsion (AWD)].
As mentioned above, it is possible to
identify if we have a transmission, or transaxle changes; however this
is not difficult to meet various combinations of possible configurations
have a transaxle or transmission in a vehicle
LOCATION AND POSITION OF THE ENGINE
The engine can be located in different places of the car; this depends on the
design of the vehicle
Front engine vehicle: The engine is placed just opposite the
compartment PASSENGERS.
Rear-engined vehicle: The engine is placed just mind in the back of
the rear axle.
Engine in the middle of the vehicle: The engine is placed behind
PASSENGERS compartment, just in front of the rear axle.
The difference between permanent four wheel drive (AWD) and switchable
traction (4WD) is in the 4WD has a lever or button for connection of par
torsional to all wheels.
Rear-wheel traction "RWD"
The conventional powertrain rear wheel traction has the engine placed in
front of the vehicle; His position is longitudinally opposite the front wheels, a
clutch and a manual transmission
or a torque converter and
automatic transmission, engine
power transmitted to a drive shaft.
The drive shaft transmits power to
the final drive gear, rear axle final
drives transmit power through the
rear axles to the rear wheels. End
traction gears change the direction
of power flow 90 degrees to the
direction of the drive shaft; The
differential divides the power evenly to each rear wheel, with normal
forward driving parts, systems rear wheels push the moving vehicle forward.
This type of system is used in some compact, medium and large cars, large
vans light trucks besides type and heavy duty trucks.
FRONT WHEEL DRIVE (FWD)
The drivetrain with front-wheel drive
has the engine mounted in front of
the vehicle and may be in
longitudinal or transverse position. In
designing the longitudinal engine, a
clutch and manual transaxle or
torque converter in automatic
transaxle transmit the engine power
to the axles in front wheels. In this
design, the transaxle final push to
change the direction of power flow at
90 degrees Engine Crankshaft.
With transversely mounted engine design, the clutch and the manual
transaxle or torque converter automatic transmission transmit engine power
to the axle shafts and wheels of front-wheel drive, but since the crankshaft
is parallel the direction of flow power will not change to 90 degrees and in
the designs of a longitudinal engine.
This design is currently used in most compact cars, medians and vans.
SWITCHABLE FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE (4WD)
The drive system in four occasional
wheels is a design modification of the
conventional drive system rear wheels
with the engine in the front. The 4-wheel
traction has a transfer case mounted on
the rear of the transmission, a set of
gears and shafts transfer case that
provides the means for selecting traction
on 2 or 4 wheels. The power transfer
case is transmitted to the wheel axle and
the rear wheel drive power it can also be
transfered to the axis of the front
wheels.
The transfer case normally has four gear selection positions:
Neutral.
2WD (rear wheels which perform traction).
4WD Low
4WD High
This system is planned to be operated in the mode 2WD only on the road or
on hard surfaces, and mode 4WD in muddy terrain, snow or rude, or where it
is required to use this mode of operation.
4-WHEEL TRACTION OR TRACTION TOTAL TIME
The system always 4WD is
designed to drive both on roads
and outside them. Eliminates
the need for switching between
2WD and 4WD. A viscous
coupling differential or transfer
case prevents conflicts between
the wheel axles. And the power
to both axles wheel is
transmitted at all times. A kill
switch is provided in some models of traction at all wheels, this switch
controls an electromagnetic clutch during cornering, the viscous coupling
differential transfer papers box allows the front axle differential also rotate
the rear axle at different speeds.
The AWD system has been designed for driving both roads and outside
them.
