MATHEMATICS FORM 3
- Amal Sufiah Akmal Shukri
- Tunku Kurshiah College
- Form 2N (2014)
CONTENTS ...
Chapter 1 - Lines and Angles II
Chapter 2 - Polygons II
Chapter 3 - Circles II
Chapter 4 - Statistics II
Chapter 5 - Indices
Chapter 6 - Algebraic Expressions III
Chapter 7 - Algebraic Formulae
Chapter 8 - Solid Geometry III
Chapter 9 - Scale Drawings
Chapter 10 - Transformations II
Chapter 11 - Linear Equations II
Chapter 12 - Linear Inequalities
Chapter 13 - Graphs of Functions
Chapter 14 - Ratios, Rates and Proportions II
Chapter 15 - Trigonometry
CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES II
1.1 ANGLES ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL LINES
Angles are the space within two lines or three or
more planes diverging from a common point, or
within two planes diverging from a common line.
Parallel lines are lines on the same plane that
never meet, no matter how far they are extended.
In this topic, we will learn about transversal and
the angles formed can be classified as
corresponding angles, alternate angles or interior
angles
Transversal
A transversal is a
straight line that
intersects two or more
straight lines.
The figure on the right
shows two parallel lines
AC and DF intersected
by the transversal MN.
Corresponding Angles
Corresponding angles are
equal in size.
The figures on the right
are the examples of
corresponding angles.
To identify corresponding
angles, look for angles
formed by lines that
resemble the letter 'F'.
Alternate Angles
Alternate angles are equal
in size.
The figures on the right
shows the examples of
alternate angles.
To identify alternate
angles, look for angles
formed by lines that
resemble the letter 'Z'.
Interior Angles
Interior angles are angles
between parallel lines on the
same side of transversal.
The sum of two interior angles
is 180 degrees.
The figures on the right are the
examples of interior angles.
To identify interior angles, look
for angles formed by lines that
resemble the letter 'C'.
EXAMPLE 1
CORRESPONDING
ANGLES
Find the value of x in the diagram
above.
Solution:
2x = 130 degrees
Hence,
In the following diagram, BCD and ACE
are straight lines. Find the value of x.
EXAMPLE 2
ALTERNATE ANGLES
Solution:
<AED = <BAE = 63 degrees
<BCE is the exterior angle for triangle
CDE.
Hence,
EXAMPLE 3
INTERIOR ANGLES
Find the value of x in the diagram
above.
Solution:
<PQR + 117 degrees = 180 degrees
CHAPTER 2
POLYGONS II
Polygons
A polygon is a closed figure with at least three
straight lines as its sides.
An irregular polygon is one with unequal sides or
interior angles.
The axis of symmetry of a polygon is a line that
divides the polygon into two identical parts.
2.1 REGULAR POLYGONS
A regular polygon is a polygon in which all sides
are of equal length and all interior angles are of
equal size.
The number of axes of symmetry of a regular
polygon is always the same as the number of its
sides.
EXAMPLES OF REGULAR POLYGONS
2.2 ANGLES OF POLYGONS
Given that QPR is a straight
line, then
u degrees is an interior angle
formed between two
adjacent sides PQ and PN.
v degrees is an exterior angle
formed between the adjacent
side PN and the extended
side PR of the polygon.
The sum of the interior angle and the exterior angle is 180 degrees.
The sum of the exterior angles of a regular polygon with n sides is
360 degrees.
The sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon with n sides is
(n - 2) x 180 degrees.
In a regular polygon with n sides,
a) the size of each interior angle
b) the size of each exterior angle
In the diagram below, AB, CD, EF and GF are
straight lines.
EXAMPLE 1
Find the value of x.
Solution:
The sum of exterior angle = 360 degrees
The diagram shows an irregular polygon.
Find the value of x.
EXAMPLE 2
Solution:
Given a polygon with 6 sides, so n = 6.
The sum of interior angles
Hence,
EXAMPLE 3
The diagram below shows a part of a regular polygon.
Find the number of sides of the polygon.
Method 1
Method 2
Size of interior angle
Exterior angle
144 degrees =
Exterior angle
then,
then,
CHAPTER 3
CIRCLES II
3.1 SYMMETRY OF CIRCLES
A chord is a straight line connecting two points on the circumference of a
circle.
The diameter of a circle is a chord that passes through the centre of a circle.
The diameter of a circle divides the circle into two equal parts.
Any diameter of a circle is an axis of symmetry.
If the chord KL intersects perpendicularly with radius PO, then KM = ML.
EXAMPLE
The diagram shows a circle with centre
O. The straight line UOV is
perpendicular to the chord PUQ. Given
that PQ = 18cm and OV = 15cm.
Solution:
Calculate the length of UV, in cm.
Consider triangle OUQ,
Hence,
3.2 PROPERTIES OF ANGLES IN CIRCLES
The angle at the centre is twice
the angle at the circumference.
The angles at the
circumference subtended by
the common arc are all equal.
The angle subtended at the
circumference in a semicircle is
a right angle.
