Hydraulic Machines
Multiple Choice Questions
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Unit 1
The process by which water is released to the atmosphere by the plants is called
a)Evoparation
b)Transpiration
c)Gasification
d)transportation
The science which deals with the depletion and replenishment of water resources is
a)Geology
b)zoology
c)hydrology
d)cryptology
--------- is the graph of the cumulative values of water quantity against time
a)Hydro Graph
b)Mass Curve
c)Flow duration Curve
d)Power duration Curve
Hydrograph studies can be done in about ----- sq. Kilomenters of areas.
a)5000
b)6000
c)7000
d)8000
The factors affecting the runoff are
a)Rainfall Pattern
b)Character of catchment area
c)Topography
d)All the above
The theoritical in KW available from falling water can be calculated with the formula
a)Pth = wQ/(1000H)
b)Pth = w/(QH)
c)Pth = wQH/1000
d)Pth = H/(1000wQ)
One of the following is not a safety measure in hydroelectric power plant for its safe
operation
a)Penstock
b)Surge Tanks
c)Jet disperser
d)Sand traps
The water discharge from the ----- is passed on to the tailrace through a separate pipeline.
a)Jet Disperser
b)Pressure regulator
c) Surge Tank
d)Screen
In order to draw the ------- curve, the cumulative volume of water that can be stored month
after month is needed
a)Flow duration
b)Power duration
c)mass
d)all the above
10. The negative inclination of a mass curve would show that the amount of water flowing in
the reservoir was ---------- than the loss due to evaporation and seepage
a)less
b)more
c)equal
d)con't be predicted
11. All the water that falls from atmosphere to earth surface is called as
a)Hydrocycle
b)Atmospheric cycle
c)Nitro Cycle
d)Carbon cycle
12. Discharge graphs are known as
a)Hydrograph
b)Flow duration curve
c)Mass curve
d)all the above
13. The flow duration curve is drawn with the help of ---a)Hydrograph
b)mass curve
c)power duration curve
d)All of the above
14. ---------curve is a convinient device to determine the storage requirements of water
a)Mass curve
b)Flow duration curve
c)Power duration curve
d)None of the above
15. The area under the --------- curve gives the total quantity of run-off during that period
a)Flow duration curve
b)Mass curve
c)Power duration curve
d)None of the above
16. The shape of the --------- curve may change with the length of record
a)Flow duration curve
b)Mass curve
c)Power duration curve
d)None of the above
17. The highest point of the hydrograph when the rate of discharge is greatest refers to -----a)peak discharge
b)average discharge
c)Overall discharge
d)None of the above
18. power duration curve is used to find ------a)Average yield power from the project
b)Average flow rate
c)Total time period
d)None of the above
19. The increase of -------- decreases the viscosity of liquid
a)Temperature
b)Pressure
c)Volume
d)Density
20. Bernoulli's theorem deals with---------------a)Conservation of Energy
b)Conservation of momentum
c)Conservation of mass
d)Coservation of water
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Unit 2
Impact of jet is the force exerted due to
a)Change in momentum of the mass coming out of jet
b)Change in K.E of jet coming out of jet
c)Inertial motion of the mass coming out of jet
d)Weight of mass coming out of jet
The efficiency of a jet of water having a velocity V striking a series of vertical plates
moving with a velocity U is maximum when
a)U = 2V
b)U = V/2
c)U = 3V/2
d)U= 4V/3
The force acting by the jet of liquid on a fixed vertical plate is given by
a)F = aV
b)F = aV2/2
c)F = aV2
d)F = a/V
the equation used for finding the force exerted by the jet on a plate is
a)Continuity Equation
b)Bernoulli's Equation
c)Euler's Equation
d)Impulse Momentum Equation
According to Euler momentum equation for the flow of jet through a moving blade. The
work done per kg is given by
a)U(VW1+VW2)
b)U(VW1+VW2)/g
c)U(VW1+VW2)Vr1
d)(VW1+VW2)/gU
A jet of water with a velocity of V strikes a flat plate moving towards the jet with a velocity
U. Then the force acting on the plate is given by
a)F = a(V-U)2
b)F = a(V+U)2
c)F = a(V+U)2/2
d)F = a(V+U)2/4
When the jet of liquid strikes to a fixed plate inclined at angle with the horizontal, the
normal force acting on the plate is given by
a)Fn=aV2sin2/2
b) Fn=aV2sin2
c) Fn=aV2sin
d) Fn=aV2cos
The force exerted by a jet of water on a stationary inclined plate in the direction of jet is
given by
a) Fx=aV2
b) Fx=aV2(1+sin)
c)Fx=aV2(1+cos)
d)Fx=aV2sin2
9. The force exerted by a jet of water having velocity V on a curved plate moving with a
velocity U is given by
a) Fx=a(V-U)2
b) Fx=a(V-U)2sin2
c)Fx=a(V-U)2(1+sin)
d)Fx=a(V-U)2(1+cos)
10. The force exerted by a jet of water having a velocity V on a series of vertical plates moving
with a velocity U is given by
a)Fx = a(V-U)
b)Fx= aV2
c)Fx = aVU
d)None
11. In the case of a stationary vertical plate, the jet after striking the plate will get deflected
through.................
a)900
b)450
c)600
d)1350
12. The force exerted by the jet on a plate which may be stationary or moving is ----a)Impact of jet
b)Jet moment
c)Jet energy
d)Jet Velocity
13. the ration between the out put and input of the jet is called ------------- of the jet
a)Jet efficiency
b)Jet power
c)Jet capacity
d)Jet speed
14. For a given initial velocity of the jet, the vane efficiency is maximum , when the velocity
of the jet at vane outlet ------------a)2 times to initial velocity
b)Equal to initial velocity
c)Half of initial velocity
d)None of the above
15. When the jet strikes a moving curved plate tangentially, the loss of energy due to impact of
the jet will -------------a)Zero
b)100%
c)50%
d)25%
16. The force exerted by a jet of water on a ------------ no of moving plate is not practically
feasible.
a)Single
b)Two
c)Many
d)None of the above
17. For a ---------------- vane, the radius of the vane at inlet and outlet is different.
a)Radial curved vanes
b)Tangential curved Vane
c)Normal Vane
d)None of the above
18. The tangentail velocities of the radial vane at the inlet and outlet is --------------a)Same
b)Not equal
c)2 times
d)None of the above
19. For maximum efficiency of a radial curved vane, the vane angle at outlet should be ---------a)900
b)450
c)600
d)00
20. Maximum efficiency of a series of vertical plate is -----------------a)50%
b)75%
c)25%
d)100%
Unit -3
1. Kaplan turbine is:
(a) A high head mixed flow turbine
(c) An outward flow reaction turbine
(b) A low head axial flow turbine
(d) An impulse inward flow turbine
2. The specific speed of an impulse hydraulic turbine will be greater than the specific speed of
a reaction type hydraulic turbine.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Cant say
(d) None
3. Specific speed of a Kaplan turbine ranges between
(a) 30 and 60
(b) 60 and 300
(c) 300 and 600
(d) 600 and 1000
4. In the case of------------------- all the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy in the
nozzles.
a)Reaction Turbine
b)Impulse Turbine
c)Tangentail Turbine
d)Axial flow Turbine
5. In----------the available potential energy is progressively converted in the turbines rotors and
the reaction of the accelerating water causes the turning of the wheel.
a)Reaction Turbine
b)Impulse Turbine
c)Tangentail Turbine
d)Axial flow Turbine
6. Available potential energy is high and the flow available is comparatively low which
suitable type of turbine for this
a)Reaction Turbine
b)Impulse Turbine
c)Con't say
7. Which of the following is example for Impulse Turbine
a)Pelton wheel
b)Francis wheel
c)Kaplan wheel
d)None of the above
8. Which of the following is example for Reaction Turbine
a)Pelton wheel
b)Jonval wheel
c)Kaplan wheel
d)None of the above
9. Which of the following is Tangential flow turbine
a)Pelton wheel
b)Jonval wheel
c)Kaplan wheel
d)None of the above
10. Which of the following is Axial flow turbine
a)Pelton wheel
b)Jonval wheel
c)Kaplan wheel
d)None of the above
11. Pelton wheel turbine is example for
a)High speed, Low head
b)High head, low speed
c)High head, High speed
d)None of the above
12. Francis turbine is example for
a)High speed, Low head
b)High head, low speed
c)High head, High speed
d)Medium head, Medium Speed
13. Kaplan turbine is example for
a)High speed, Low head
b)High head, low speed
c)High head, High speed
d)None of the above
14. The water flow through runner is parallel to the direction of runner axis then such turbine is
a)Radial flow
b)Tangential flow
c)Mixed flow
d)Axial flow
15. The water flow through runner is radial to the direction of runner axis then such turbine is
a)Radial flow
b)Tangential flow
c)Mixed flow
d)Axial flow
16. The water flow through runner is radial direction and leaves parallel to the direction of
runner axis then such turbine is
a)Radial flow
b)Tangential flow
c)Mixed flow
d)Axial flow
17. What should be the ratio of blade speed of jet speed for the maximum efficiency of a Pelton
wheel?
a)1/4
b)1/2
c)3/4
d)1
18. If is the blade angle at the outlet, then the maximum hydraulic efficiency of an ideal
impulse turbine is:
a)(1+cos )/2
b)(1-cos )/2
c)(1-sin )/2
d)(1+sin )/2
19. The maximum efficiency in the case of Pelton wheel is (angle of deflection of the jet = 180
)
a)(1-cos )/2
b)(1+cos )/2
c)cos /2
d)(1+cos )/4
20. Which of the following advantages is/are possessed by a Kaplan turbine over a Francis
turbine?
1. Low frictional losses.
2. Part load efficiency is considerably high.
3. More compact and smaller in size.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 1 and 2
(c) Only 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Unit - 4
1. Consider the following statements pertaining to specific speed of turbo machines:
1. Specific speed varies with shape of the runner and other parts of the machine.
2. Machines with higher specific speeds are limited to low heads.
3. Specific speed is dimensionless and is independent of variation of type of fluid used.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
2. The specific speed (Ns) of a water turbine is expressed by which one of the following
equations?
3. The specific speed of a hydraulic turbine depends upon
(a) speed and power developed
(c) speed and head of water
(b) discharge and power developed
(d) speed, power developed and head of water
4. If the number of jets in a Pelton turbine is n, then the specific speed is:
(a) n2
(b) n
(c) n1/ 2
(d) Independent of n
5. The specific speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of a member of the same homologous
series of a such a size that it
(a) Delivers unit discharge at unit head.
(b) Delivers unit discharge at unit power.
(c) Delivers unit power at unit discharge.
(d) Produces unit power under a unit head.
6. Which one of the following is the correct statement? Specific speed of a fluid machine
(a) Refers to the speed of a machine of unit dimensions.
(b) Is a type-number representative of its performance?
(c) Is specific to the particular machine.
(d) Depends only upon the head under which the machine operates.
7. Consider the following turbines/wheels
1. Francis turbine
2. Pelton wheel with two or more jets
3. Pelton wheel with a single jet
4. Kaplan turbine
The correct sequence of these turbines/wheels in increasing order of their specific speeds is:
(a) 2, 3, 1, 4 (b) 3, 2, 1, 4
(c) 2, 3, 4, 1 (d) 3, 2, 4, 1
8. Which one of the following statements is not correct in respect of hydraulic turbines?
(a) (Speed) is proportional to (1/Diameter)
(b) (Power) is proportional to (Speed)3
(c) (Power) is proportional to (Head)3/2
(d) (Speed) is proportional to (Head)1/2
9. In fluid machinery, the relationship between saturation temperature and pressure decides the
process of
(a) Flow separation
(b) Turbulent mixing
(c) Cavitation
(d) Water hammer
10. Chances of occurrence of cavitation are high if the
(a) Local pressure becomes very high
(b) Local temperature becomes low
(c) Thoma cavitation parameter exceeds a certain limit
(d) Local pressure falls below the vapour pressure
11. ------------- in a pipe line is used to releive the pressure due to water hammer
a)Surge Tank
b)Penstock
c)Nozzle
d)None of the above
12. The power which appears in the expression for the specific speed is ------a)Specific power
b)Unit power
c)Direct power
d)None of the above
13. When the specific speed of a turbine lies between 300 -850 then the type of turbine is --a)Kaplan
b)pelton
c)Francis
d)None of the above
14. ------- speed of a pelton wheel means no load speed with no governer mechanism.
a)Unit speed
b)Specific Speed
c)load speed
d)None of the above
15. ---------- are the quantities which are obtained when the head on the turbine is unity
a)Unit quanities
b)Specific Quantities
c)Total Quantities
d)None of the above
16. Cavitation damage in the turbine runner occurs near the
(a) Inlet on the concave side of the blades
(b) Outlet on the concave side of the blades
(c) Outlet on the convex side of the blades
(d) Inlet on the convex side of the blades
17. Which one of the following turbines exhibits a nearly constant efficiency over a 60% to
140% of design speed?
(a) Pelton turbine
(b) Francis turbine
(c) Deriaz turbine
(d) Kaplan turbine
18. ---------- is the most efficient turbine for part load operation conditions
a)Kaplan
b)Pelton
c)Francis
d)None of the above
19. The unit discharge of a turbine is given by the expression -----a)Q/H1/2=C
b)QH1/2=C
c)Q/H=C
d)Q/H2=C
20. High speed and low head indicate the turbine is ------- turbine
a)Kaplan
b)Pelton
c)Francis
d)None of the above
Unit 5
6. For centrifugal pump, the suction pipe has --------- diameter as compared to the discharge pipe
a) Smaller
b) Larger
c) Equal
d) Tapered
7. Cavitation in centrifugal pumps can be reduced by
a)Reducing Discharge
b)Reducing suction head
c)Increasing discharge
d)Increasing suction head
8. Manometric efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of manometric head to
a)head imparted by impeller to liquid
b)work supplied to shaft
c)available head
d)none
9. The ratio of power delivered to the fluid to the shaft input power is called
a)manometric efficiency
b)hydraulic efficiency
c)mechanical efficiency
d)over all efficiency
10. The specific speed of centrifugal pump is defined as the speed of a pump of such a size that
a)delivers unit discharge under unit head
b)requires unit power to develop unit head
c)requires unit power to deliver unit discharge
d)Develops unit head whatever be the discharge
11. Series operation of centrifugal pump result in
a)High speed
b)Low speed
c)High discharge
d)Low power consumption
12. Indicator diagram show for one complete revolution of Crane the
a)Variation of kinetic head in the cylinder
b)Variation of pressure head in the cylinder
c)Variation of kinetic and pressure head in the cylinder
d)Variation of potential head in the cylinder
13. Air vessel in reciprocating pump is used
a)to obtain uniform flow rate
b)to reduce suction head
c)to increase delivery head
d)All the above
14. During delivery stroke of a reciprocating pump, the separator may take place
a)at the end of delivery stroke
b)in the middle of delivery stroke
c)in the begining of delivery stroke
d)At the end of suction stroke
15. Negative slip is likely to occur of a reciprocating pump is
a)Suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short
b)Delivery pipe is long and suction pipe is short
c)Suction valve lift up before the end of delivery stroke
d)Leakage occur due to imperfect value seating's
16. When the speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled, the power required to drive the pump will:
(a) Increase 8 times
(b) Increase 4 times
(c) Double
(d) Remain the same
17. A centrifugal pump gives maximum efficiency when its blades are:
(a) Bent forward
(b) Bend backward
(c) Straight
(d) Wave shaped
18. Which one of the following types of impeller vanes are most commonly used in centrifugal
type compressors?
(a) Forward curved
(b) Radial
(c) Backward curved
(d) Tangential
19. The vanes of a centrifugal pump are generally
(a) Radial
(b) Curved backward
(c) Curved forward
(d) Twisted
20. A centrifugal pump is started with its delivery valve kept
(a) Fully open
(b) Fully closed
(c) Partially open
(d) 50% open
