Summary
Pressure Loss in Air Pipe
Blower outlet
Blower Main
Blower Main
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Diffuser loss
(based on min flowrate)
(6,200 m3/hr)
DN 750
DN 1800
DN 1200
DN 600
DN 500
DN 350
DN 200
Total
46.18
241.19
112.78
411.00
286.60
180.66
570.19
5,000.00
6848.61
6.85
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Kpa
(esimate)
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
5.49
d =
0.750
A =
0.44
v
12.41
m3/s
m
m2
19,750
Nm/hr
m/s
Sponsored Links
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
R
R
d
k
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d =
v =
=
0.750
12.41
1.23
m
m/s
kg/m
1.79X10-5
Ns/m
Re =
6.40E-05
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
0.015
mm
d =
R =
750
0.000020
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Roughness - k
Surface
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
Weld steel
0.045
1.5 10-4
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
2.7 - 5 10-3
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000020
Re =
6.40E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.014
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.014
2
1.23
12.41
0.75
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
3.54
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
3.54
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
0.45
1.23
12.41
kg/m3
m/s
P-loss =
42.64
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
42.64
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
46.18
Pa
Therefore,
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
21.94
d =
1.800
A =
2.55
v =
8.62
79,000
Nm/hr
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v
R
R
d
k
m3/s
m
m2
m/s
=
=
=
=
1.800
8.62
1.23
1.79X10-5
Re =
1.07E-04
m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =
0.015
1800
0.000008
mm
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness - k
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
1.5 10-4
Weld steel
0.045
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000008
Re =
1.07E-04
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.02
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.02
70
1.23
8.62
1.80
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
35.54
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
35.54
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
7
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
P-loss =
4.50
1.23
8.62
205.64
kg/m3
m/s
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
205.64
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
241.19
Pa
Therefore,
1.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.50
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
10.97
d =
1.200
A =
1.13
v =
9.70
39,500
Nm/hr
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v
R
R
d
k
m3/s
m
m2
m/s
=
=
=
=
1.200
9.70
1.23
1.79X10-5
Re =
8.00E-05
m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =
0.015
1200
0.000013
mm
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness - k
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
1.5 10-4
Weld steel
0.045
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000013
Re =
8.00E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.018
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.018
20
1.23
9.70
1.20
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
17.35
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
17.35
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
1.65
1.23
9.70
kg/m3
m/s
P-loss =
95.43
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
95.43
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
112.78
Pa
Therefore,
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.65
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
3.66
d =
0.600
A =
0.28
v =
12.93
13,162
Nm/hr
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v
R
R
d
k
m3/s
m
m2
m/s
=
=
=
=
0.600
12.93
1.23
1.79X10-5
Re =
5.33E-05
m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =
0.015
600
0.000025
mm
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness - k
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
1.5 10-4
Weld steel
0.045
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000025
Re =
5.33E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.015
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.015
114
1.23
12.93
0.60
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
292.84
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
292.84
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
Flowmeter
0.8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
1.15
1.23
12.93
kg/m3
m/s
P-loss =
118.16
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
118.16
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
411.00
Pa
Therefore,
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.80
1.15
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
2.46
d =
0.500
A =
0.20
v =
12.51
8,843
Nm/hr
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v
R
R
d
k
m3/s
m
m2
m/s
=
=
=
=
0.500
12.51
1.23
1.79X10-5
Re =
4.30E-05
m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =
0.015
500
0.000030
mm
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness - k
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
1.5 10-4
Weld steel
0.045
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000030
Re =
4.30E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.015
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.015
51
1.23
12.51
0.50
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
147.15
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
147.15
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
Flowmeter
0.8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
1.45
1.23
12.51
kg/m3
m/s
P-loss =
139.45
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
139.45
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
286.60
Pa
Therefore,
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.45
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
0.97
d =
0.350
A =
0.10
v =
10.04
3,478
Nm/hr
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v
R
R
d
k
m3/s
m
m2
m/s
=
=
=
=
0.350
10.04
1.23
1.79X10-5
Re =
2.41E-05
m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =
0.015
350
0.000043
mm
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness - k
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
1.5 10-4
Weld steel
0.045
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000043
Re =
2.41E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.017
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.017
24
1.23
10.04
0.35
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
72.23
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
72.23
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
Flowmeter
0.8
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
1.75
1.23
10.04
kg/m3
m/s
P-loss =
108.43
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
108.43
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
180.66
Pa
Therefore,
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.75
Air Pressure Loss in Straight Pipe/Duct
Air Velocity
v
= Q
v
Q
A
d
=
=
=
=
Re
Re
d
v
=
=
=
=
=
/ A
Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Pipe(m)
Q =
0.41
d =
0.200
A =
0.03
v =
12.95
1,465
Nm/hr
Reynold numbers
Diameter of pipe(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v
R
R
d
k
m3/s
m
m2
m/s
=
=
=
=
0.200
12.95
1.23
1.79X10-5
Re =
1.78E-05
m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m
= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of pipe(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =
0.015
200
0.000075
mm
mm
(From Graph below)
Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness - k
millimeters
feet
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)
0.001 - 0.002
3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes
0.0015 - 0.007
0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic pipe
0.005
1.7 10-5
Stainless steel
0.015
5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe
0.045 - 0.09
1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel
0.015
5 10-5
1.5 10-4
Weld steel
0.045
Galvanized steel
0.15
5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion)
0.15 - 4
5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron
0.25 - 0.8
8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron
0.8 - 1.5
2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron
1.5 - 2.5
5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron
0.01 - 0.015
3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement
0.3
1 10-3
Ordinary concrete
0.3 - 1
1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete
0.3 - 5
1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood
0.18 - 0.9
6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood
16.7 10-3
Therefore,
R =
0.000075
Re =
1.78E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram
From the Noody Diagram below
0.018
So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.
P-loss
P-loss =
=
l
=
=
v
=
d
=
( l/d) ( v2/2)
Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of Pipe(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of Pipe(m)
=
l =
=
v =
d =
P-loss
0.018
42
1.23
12.95
0.20
m
kg/m3
m/s
m
389.75
Pa
Total Pressure loss for strainght pipe =
389.75
Pa
Air Pressure Loss in Pipe Fittings and Components
Coefficient of
Minor loss
No.
Type of Component or Fitting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Flanged/welded Tees, Line Flow
0.2
Threaded Tees, Line Flow
0.9
Flanged/welded Tees, Branched Flow
1.0
Numbers of
fittings
Total
--
Threaded Tees, Branch Flow
2.0
Threaded Union
0.08
Flanged/welded Regular 90 o Elbows
0.3
Threaded Regular 90o Elbows
1.5
Threaded Regular 45o Elbows
0.4
Flanged/welded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 90o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.2
Threaded Long Radius 45o Elbows
0.7
Flanged/welded 180o Return Bends
0.2
Threaded 180o Return Bends
1.5
Flanged/welded expansion
0.4
Flanged/welded reducer
1.25
Fully Open Globe Valve
10
Fully Open Angle Valve
Fully Open Gate/butterfly Valve
0.15
1/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
0.26
1/2 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
2.1
3/4 Closed Gate/butterfly Valve
17
Forward Flow Swing Check Valve
Fully Open Ball Valve
0.05
1/3 Closed Ball Valve
5.5
2/3 Closed Ball Valve
200
Flowmeter
0.8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient
P-loss =
v2
P-loss = Pressure Loss(Pa)(N/m2)
= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)
=
=
v =
1.75
1.23
12.95
kg/m3
m/s
P-loss =
180.44
Pa
Total Pressure loss for pipe fiitings =
180.44
Pa
Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =
570.19
Pa
Therefore,
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.75
