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ThiscontentprovidesyouwithaexampleRadiographicTestingProcedure.
ThisisageneralandsampleRTprocedureandyouneedtomodifyitto
meetyourprojectspecifications.
1.SCOPE:
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1.1This Procedure describes the general requirements for radiography
examination (RT) according to related approved weld map for the metallic
weldingandcastingasmayberequiredbythespecificationorunderwhich
componentisbeingdesignedandmanufactured.
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VendorInspection
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InspectionandTestPlan
1.2This radiographic testing procedure provides the material, equipment,
calibration,personnelqualification,examinationprocess,evaluation,records
andacceptancestandardsforXXXProjectwhichwillbefabricatedinYYY.
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2.SURFACECONDITION
ApprovedVendorList
According to T.222.2, the weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on the
both the inside (where accessible) and out side shall be removed by any
suitable process to such a degree that the resulting radiographic testing
imageduetoanysurfaceirregularitiescannotmaskorbeconfusedwiththe
imageofanydiscontinuity.thefinishedsurfaceofallbuttweldedjointsmat
beflushwiththebasematerialormayhavereasonablyuniformcrowns,with
reinforcementnottoexceedthatspecifiedinthereferencingcodesection.
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3.RADIATIONSOURCE
FactoryAcceptanceTest
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WeldingInspection
IndustrialQualityControl
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PressureVessel
HeatExchanger
SteamBoiler
StorageTank
Pipeline
3.1XRadiation:
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The radiography testing techniques shall demonstrate that the required
radiography sensitivity has been obtained. Maximum xray voltage is 300
KV.
3.2Gammaradiation:
TherecommendedminimumthicknessforwhichRadioactiveisotopesmay
beusedasfollow:
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IndustrialValve
ProcessHeater
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Table3.2
Material
Iridium192 Cobalt60
Steel
0.75in
1.50in
Copperorhighnickelcopper
0.65in
1.30in
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CentrifugalCompressor
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GasTurbine
SteamTurbine
Aluminum
2.50in
The maximum thickness for the use of radioactive isotopes is primarily dictated
by exposure time, therefore upper limits are not shown. The minimum
Recommended thickness limitation may be reduced when the radiography
techniques are used to demonstrate that the required radiographic testing
sensitivityhavebeenobtained,bypurchaserapproval.
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4.RADIGRAPHICFILMS
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ElectricMotor
PowerTransformer
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GasCircuitBreaker
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Any commercially available industrial radiography films may be used in
accordance with SE 1815(ASTM) standard test method for film system in
industrial radiography. Radiography film shall be fine grain high definition, high
contrastfilm(KodaktypeAA400,FUJI100orAGFAD7).
5.SCREENS
Any commercially available intensifying screen, except those of the fluorescent
type,maybeused.IntensifyingscreenforxrayorGamaraymethoddividedin
two categories: 1front screen 2back screen. Commonly lead screens use with
27micronthickness.(Frontscreen)
6.PENETRAMETER(I.Q.I)
Penetrameters shall be either the whole type or the wire type and shall be
manufacturedandidentifiedinaccordancewiththerequirementsoralternatives
allowedinSE142orSE1025(forwholetype)andSE747(forwiretype),and
appending.ASMEV2007ED&ASMESecVIIIDivIED2007.
Penetrameters shall consist of those in table 233.1 for hole type and those in
table233.2forwiretype.(WiretypeIQIshallbeusedforwelds.)
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7.SELECTIONOFPENETRAMETER(I.Q.I)
7.1. Material. IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material
grouporgradeasidentifiedinSE1025,orSE747,asapplicable,orfroman
alloymaterialGrouporgradewithlessradiationabsorptionthanthematerial
beingradiographed.
7.2 Size. The designated hole IQI or essential wire listed in Table T276
providedanequivalentIQIsensitivityismaintained.SeeT283.2.shallbeas
specified in Table T276. A thinner or thicker holetype IQI may be
substitutedforanysectionthickness
(a)WeldsWithReinforcements.ThethicknessonwhichtheIQIisbasedis
thenominalsinglewallthicknessplustheestimatedweldreinforcementnot
toexceedthemaximumpermittedbythereferencingCodeSection.Backing
rings or strips shall not be considered as part of the thickness in IQI
selection.Theactualmeasurementoftheweldreinforcementisnotrequired.
(b)WeldsWithoutReinforcements.ThethicknessonwhichtheIQIisbased
is the nominal singlewall thickness. Backing rings or strips shall not be
consideredaspartoftheweldthicknessinIQIselection.
7.3 Welds Joining Dissimilar Materials or Welds with Dissimilar Filler
Metal.Whentheweldmetalisofanalloygrouporgradethathasaradiation
attenuation that differs from the base material, the IQI material selection
shallbebasedontheweldmetalandbeinaccordancewithT276.1.When
thedensitylimitsofT282.2cannotbemetwithoneIQIandtheexceptional
density area is at the interface of the weld metal and the base metal, the
materialselectionfortheadditionalIQIsshallbebasedonthebasematerial
andisinaccordancewithT276.1
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8.PLACEMENTOFRADIOGRAPHICTESTINGPENETRAMETER(I.Q.I)
8.1Sourcesidepenetrameters:
The penetrameters shall be placed on the source side of the part being
examined,exceptfortheconditiondescribedinchapter8.2.
8.2filmsidepenetrameters:
Sensitivity:
ThesensitivityrequiredusingwiretypeIQIshallbe2%.
Sensitivity:(Diameterofthinnestwirevisibleonradiograph/Partthicknessat
IQIlocation)x100
Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the penetrameter (s) on the
sourceside,itshallbeplacedonthefilmsideincontactwiththepartbeing
examined. A lead letter F shall be placed adjacent to or on the
penetrameter(s).
9.NUMBEROFPENETRAMETER(I.Q.I)
When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, ate least one
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