PROJECT:
LOCATION:
NAME OF STRUCTURE:
TR-4
STA. 57+839
OVERPASS OP4
DESIGN OF APPROACH SLAB (SKEWED 55.18)
Filename: Approach SlabAbutment Approach Slab (OP4)
Input Data
a. Dimensions
3654
Length of approach slab
L
ts
3654 mm
Approach slab thickness
300 mm
Effective span length
2754 mm
S
b. Material data
fc '
28 MPa
Steel yield strength
fy
414 MPa
Density of concrete
Strength reduction factor
0.90
Diameter of main bar
db
20 mm
Ratio
0.85
Effective depth
240 mm
Clear concrete cover
cc
Width of member
1000 mm
1.384 m
7.200 kN/m
wDL
7.200 kN/m
0.30
P
OL
72.000 kN
1.25
PLL+I
84.523 kN
a. Dead load
MDL = wDL S2 / 8
MDL
6.826 kN m
b. Live load
MLL+I
MLL+I =
58.194 kN m
Concrete comp. strength
24 kN/m3
c. Design data
50 mm
Load Analysis
a. Distribution width (main reinforcement parallel to traffic)
E
1.219 + 0.06 S
<
2.100 m
b. Dead load (consider 1.0 m strip)
Slab
= 0.300 x
24
Total dead load
c. Live load
Impact factor
= 15.24 /
S + ###
= 0.387
Wheel load (HS 20-44)
Overload factor
PLL+I
Live load
= P (1 + I) OL / E
use
Design Moment
= PLL+I S / 4
c. Design ultimate moment
MU = 1.3 ( MDL
+ 1.67
MLL+I
MU
135.213 kN m
Required Reinforcement
a. Cracking moment
Modulus of rapture
fr
Moment of inertia
Ig
Distance
Cracking moment
yt
Mcr
= 0.623 fc'
= b ts3 / 12
= ts / 2
= fr Ig / yt
fr
Ig
yt
Mcr
49.449 MPa
1.2Mcr =
59.339 MPa
3.297 MPa
0.00225 m4
0.150 m
0.85 fc'
Minimum steel ratio
min
Balanced steel ratio
bal
Maximum steel ratio
max
= 0.75 bal
fy
1 -
2 (1.2Mcr)
0.00283
bal
0.02891
max
0.02169
b d2 (0.85 fc')
0.85 1 fc' 600
fy (600 + fy)
b. Bottom reinforcement (main longitudinal reinforcement)
MU
Rn =
Coefficient of resistance
b d2
0.85 fc'
2 Rn
2.608 MPa
Steel reinforcement ratio
Required steel area
AS
= bd
1605.5 mm2
Area of main bar
Ab
= 0.25 db2
314.2 mm2
Spacing of bars
sp
= Ab b / AS
Use 20 bottom bars spaced a
fy
150
mm center to center
0.85 fc'
AS sup =
0.00669
195.68 mm
2094.4 mm2
c. Distribution reinforcement
Distribution Reinforcement shall be placed transverse to the main steel reinforcement in the bottom of all
slabs to provide for the lateral distribution of concentrated live loads.
For main reinforcement parallel to traffic,
% distribution
% distribution
= ### /
50 %
S
use % distribution =
=
Size of distribution rebar
ddr
Area of one bar
Adr
201.1 mm2
sp
290 mm
Size of T/S rebar
dT/S
Area of one bar
ATS
113.1 mm2
AS T/S =
sp
=
264.6 mm2
Spacing of rebars
sp
= % distribution x AS sup
33.1 %
AS dr
Area of distribution bars
AS dr
= 33.1 %
= Adr b / AS dr
Use 16 distribution bars spaced at
694.1 mm2
16 mm
150 mm center to center
d. Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement
Minimum area for T/S reinforcement (1/8 in 2 per foot in each direction)
sp
Spacing of rebars
= ATS b / AS T/S
Use 12 temperature and shrinkage bars spaced at
300 mm center to center
12 mm
427 mm