Born in Corsica to a minor noble family in 1769, Napoleon was sent to military s
chool at the age of ten. Even his place in society, if pre-revolution hadn't bro
ught about great social change, then he probably never would have risen above ca
ptain anyway. By the age of twenty-eight, Napoleon had risen to brigadier genera
l and was made head of the army of Italy. In 1768 Napoleon began a military camp
aign in Egypt. He saw himself as following the footsteps of Alexander the Great,
Julius Caesar, these great conquerors and military geniuses of the ancient worl
d. Realizing he was going to lose Egypt to the British, Napoleon abandoned his t
roops and returned to France in 1799. He became involved in a coup to overthrow
the government. What emerged really was a government that Napoleon created with
him as the first of three consuls of France. One observer outside the proceeding
in Paris was asked: "What's in the Constitution?" And his answer was Bonaparte.
As first consul, Napoleon reformed education and the law creating the Napoleoni
c code that allowed freedom of Religion and denied privileges of noble birth. As
a product of the revolution, the other powers in Europe despised Napoleon. A lo
t of people think Napoleon was short. He was probably of average height. Of cour
se the British really tried to play down Napoleon as much as they could making h
im seem this small, pretty little figure. A lot of what we get from Napoleon siz
e comes from British propaganda. Crowned emperor for life 1804, Napoleon won the
Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 which would solidify him as one of the greatest co
mmanders in military history. The final shots of the battle were Russians fleein
g across the frozen pond and Napoleon targeted the pond with his artillery and s
ank the Russian troops where they froze to death. To secure the Bonaparte dinast
y, Napoleon needed an heir. By 1810 his wife Josephine was in her late forties.
He divorced her and then he married an Austrian Princess Mary Louise who never p
articularly liked him but who did give him what he wanted which was a son and an
heir. In 1812 Napoleon began a Russian campaign that would prove disastrous. He
was forced to retreat from Russian and on that retreat as a consequence of cold
, hunger, disease and Russian attacks, he lost the great bulk of his army. Napol
eon surrendered on March 30th 1814 and was exiled to the island of Elba. One yea
r later, Bonaparte escaped and returned to rule France. The next year Napoleon s
uffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Bonaparte was exiled to
Island of Saint Helena where he would spend the rest of his days. Napleon's fina
l years on the Island of Saint Helena are when he is crafting his own legend thr
ough a series of interviews that become the book Memoirs of Saint Helena. That b
ook sold very well throughout Europe. Napoleon died on May 5th 1821 at the age o
f 51. We probably should remember Napoleon as a war criminal, we probably will r
emember Napoleon as one of the greatest military geniuses in all of history.