Name: _____________________
Period: _____________________
Ch 14:1
Light
Light is a Wave
Light is a Particle
Light is Both
Light can travel
through the vacuum
of space, but waves
cant travel in a
vacuum. So light
must be a particle!
Light is refracted in lenses.
Light diffracting around two
fingers (look close) causes
lines of darkness: destructive interference.
Light must be a wave!
This contradiction perplexed
scientists for many, many years, but
the evidence must be believed:
light is both a wave and a particle.
Packets of light we call photons.
Speed of Light: 3 x 108 m/sec
Origins of Light and Color
Sound is fast: 340 m/sec, but
light is faster: 3 x 108 m/sec!
Thats 3 with 8 zeroes
or 300,000,000 m/sec.
Light can circle the earth
27 times in one second!
Photons (light) come from electrons falling
from high electron orbits to low orbits.
These orbits are also called energy levels.
Scientists now believe that
nothing can go faster than light.
The speed of light is the
ultimate speed limit.
Visible Light
White light in
8p
10
8p
10
Energy can raise an
electron to a higher
energy level.
When the electron
falls back, a photon
is given off: light!
What we call visible light is made up of many
different colors. Each color has a different
wavelength and a different frequency.
Rainbow out
Prism
photon
out
(blue)
energy in
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Visible Light is a very small part of the entire Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum.
Infrared Visible UltraLight violet
Microwaves
Low Energy
Low Frequency
Long Wavelength
what we can see
Radio waves used to transmit radio and television signals.
Wavelengths range from hundreds of meters to less than a centimeter. This is why radio towers have to be so tall.
Microwaves used to cook food and by cell phones.
Wavelengths range from 30 cm to 1 mm.
Infrared (invisible heat) 1 mm to 700 nanometers
(700 billionths of a meter).
Visible (white) light from 700 to 400 nanometers.
cstephenmurray.com
You know that different
color flames give off different amounts of heat. Red
flames are the coolest and
blue flames are the hottest.
As you move from Red to
Blue, light GAINS energy.
White light is made up of all colors.
That is why a white flame is the hottest!
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Radio waves
The sky is blue because
oxygen atoms give off
blue photons.
Colors have Different Energies
A prism uses
refraction to separate
the different
wavelengths (colors)
of visible light.
The first letters spell: ROY G BIV
EM Spectrum
Because each element has a
different number of protons,
each element has slightly
different electron energy
levels and gives off
different colors. From
their colors we can tell the
chemical makeup of stars.
X-rays
Gamma
Rays
High Energy
High Frequency
Short Wavelength
Ultraviolet light invisible wavelengths from 400 nanometers to
10 nanometers. Part of sunlight burns your skin and can cause
cancer. The ozone layer protects us from most of the suns
ultraviolet light.
X-rays Used in medicine and industry. Wavelengths are from
10 nanometers to .01 nanometers (10 trillionth of a meter).
Gamma rays the most powerful and dangerous form of radiation. Wavelengthsless than .01 nanometers. Emitted by
nuclear reactions, they can break chemical and nuclear bonds.
Copyright 2004, C. Stephen Murray
Name: _____________________
Ch 14:1
Period: _____________________
Radio waves
A. Electromagnetic waves we feel as heat.
Infrared
B. Dangerous EM waves that have very
high energy and come from nuclear
reactions.
3.
Ultraviolet
C. EM waves that have very low energy and
long wavelengths.
D. Used to separate white light into its
colors.
4.
X-rays
D. EM waves that can pass through skin and
have short wavelengths.
EM Spectrum
E. A single particle or packet of light.
5.
Gamma rays
Energy Level
F. A wave that can travel through a vacuum.
E. EM waves with more energy than visible
light and can cause sunburns.
6.
Microwaves
F. Long wavelengths; used in cell phones.
1.
Photon
A. The fastest speed in the universe: the
speed of light.
2.
3 x 108 m/sec
B. An orbit of electrons. To move from low 2.
to high requires energy.
3.
Prism
4.
Light
5.
6.
C. All light: visible and invisible.
Is light a wave or a particle. Prove your answer:
1.
Put these three in order from slowest to fastest:
Light waves; sound waves; water waves.
__________________________________________
Where does light come from?
Put these from shortest to longest wavelengths
Radio waves
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Visible
Microwaves
___________________________________________________
Why do we see lightening and hear the thunder a few seconds
later?
Put these from least energy to most energy.
Radio waves
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Visible
Microwaves
___________________________________________________
Find the period of a 10 Hz wave.
If a waves fifth harmonic has a frequency of 35 Hz, what is its
natural frequency and what is the frequency of H3?
A wave has these characteristics: 25 Hz and 8 m. Find speed.
Find its period: _______________________
A sound changes from 25 dB to 5 dB. How do we hear the
change?
What harmonic is this? _________________
Mark the nodes and anti-nodes.
You hear a thunder 3 seconds after you see the lightening. How
far away is the storm?
Mark one wavelength on the harmonic.
Can humans hear this frequency?__________
Find the fundamental frequency:
You are in a concert hall and yell up to the ceiling. It takes 1 second for the echo to come back to you. How high is the ceiling?
____________________________________
3rd harmonic frequency:
____________________________________
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40 Hz
Copyright 2004, C. Stephen Murray
